scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of the narrow endemic Seseli farrenyi (Apiaceae): implications for translocation

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10521
Author(s):  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Jèssica Requena ◽  
Sergi Massó ◽  
Roser Vilatersana ◽  
Cèsar Blanché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Narrow Endemic ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Nw Mediterranean

Seseli farrenyi (Apiaceae) is an extremely narrow endemic plant, which is considered as one of the species of most conservation concern in Catalonia (NW Mediterranean Basin). Given the accelerated fragmentation and reduction of population size (of over 90%), the environmental agency of Catalonia is currently preparing a recovery plan that includes reinforcements of the extant populations. The present study is aimed at providing the necessary knowledge to carry out genetically-informed translocations, by using microsatellites as genetic markers. Fourteen microsatellites have been specifically developed for S. farrenyi, of which nine have been used. Besides the extant natural populations, the three ex situ collections that are known to exist of this species have also been studied, as they would be the donor sources for translocation activities. Our main finding is that levels of genetic diversity in the natural populations of S. farrenyi are still high (He = 0.605), most likely as a result of a predominantly outcrossing mating system in combination with the limited time elapsed since the population decline. However, population fragmentation is showing the first genetic signs, as the values of genetic differentiation are relatively high, and two well-differentiated genetic lineages have been found even in such a narrow geographic range. These genetic results provide important information when designing conservation management measures.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure in the Endangered Allen Cays Rock Iguana,Cyclura cychlura inornata

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Aplasca ◽  
John B. Iverson ◽  
Mark E. Welch ◽  
Giuliano Colosimo ◽  
Evon R. Hekkala
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

The Endangered Allen Cays Rock Iguana (Cyclura cychlura inornata) is endemic to the Allen Cays, a tiny cluster of islands in the Bahamas. Naturally occurring populations exist on only two cays (<4 ha each). However, populations of unknown origin were recently discovered on four additional cays. To investigate patterns of genetic variation among these populations, we analyzed nuclear and mitochondrial markers for 268 individuals. Analysis of three mitochondrial gene regions (2,328 bp) and data for eight nuclear microsatellite loci indicated low genetic diversity overall. Estimates of effective population sizes based on multilocus genotypes were also extremely low. Despite low diversity, significant population structuring and variation in genetic diversity measures were detected among cays. Genetic data confirm the source population for an experimentally translocated population while raising concerns regarding other, unauthorized, translocations. Reduced heterozygosity is consistent with a documented historical population decline due to overharvest. This study provides the first range-wide genetic analysis of this subspecies. We suggest strategies to maximize genetic diversity during ongoing recovery including additional translocations to establish assurance populations and additional protective measures for the two remaining natural populations.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of native and cultivated Ugandan Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner): Climate influences, breeding potential and diversity conservation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245965
Author(s):  
Catherine Kiwuka ◽  
Eva Goudsmit ◽  
Rémi Tournebize ◽  
Sinara Oliveira de Aquino ◽  
Jacob C. Douma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Adaptive Diversity ◽  
Southern Central

Wild genetic resources and their ability to adapt to environmental change are critically important in light of the projected climate change, while constituting the foundation of agricultural sustainability. To address the expected negative effects of climate change on Robusta coffee trees (Coffea canephora), collecting missions were conducted to explore its current native distribution in Uganda over a broad climatic range. Wild material from seven forests could thus be collected. We used 19 microsatellite (SSR) markers to assess genetic diversity and structure of this material as well as material from two ex-situ collections and a feral population. The Ugandan C. canephora diversity was then positioned relative to the species’ global diversity structure. Twenty-two climatic variables were used to explore variations in climatic zones across the sampled forests. Overall, Uganda’s native C. canephora diversity differs from other known genetic groups of this species. In northwestern (NW) Uganda, four distinct genetic clusters were distinguished being from Zoka, Budongo, Itwara and Kibale forests A large southern-central (SC) cluster included Malabigambo, Mabira, and Kalangala forest accessions, as well as feral and cultivated accessions, suggesting similarity in genetic origin and strong gene flow between wild and cultivated compartments. We also confirmed the introduction of Congolese varieties into the SC region where most Robusta coffee production takes place. Identified populations occurred in divergent environmental conditions and 12 environmental variables significantly explained 16.3% of the total allelic variation across populations. The substantial genetic variation within and between Ugandan populations with different climatic envelopes might contain adaptive diversity to cope with climate change. The accessions that we collected have substantially enriched the diversity hosted in the Ugandan collections and thus contribute to ex situ conservation of this vital genetic resource. However, there is an urgent need to develop strategies to enhance complementary in-situ conservation of Coffea canephora in native forests in northwestern Uganda.

scholarly journals Conservation genetics of the threatened plant species Physaria filiformis (Missouri bladderpod) reveals strong genetic structure and a possible cryptic species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247586
Author(s):  
Christine E. Edwards ◽  
Brooke C. Tessier ◽  
Joel F. Swift ◽  
Burgund Bassüner ◽  
Alexander G. Linan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Understanding genetic diversity and structure in a rare species is critical for prioritizing both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts. One such rare species is Physaria filiformis (Brassicaceae), a threatened, winter annual plant species. The species has a naturally fragmented distribution, occupying three different soil types spread across four disjunct geographical locations in Missouri and Arkansas. The goals of this study were to understand: (1) whether factors associated with fragmentation and small population size (i.e., inbreeding, genetic drift or genetic bottlenecks) have reduced levels of genetic diversity, (2) how genetic variation is structured and which factors have influenced genetic structure, and (3) how much extant genetic variation of P. filiformis is currently publicly protected and the implications for the development of conservation strategies to protect its genetic diversity. Using 16 microsatellite markers, we genotyped individuals from 20 populations of P. filiformis from across its geographical range and one population of Physaria gracilis for comparison and analyzed genetic diversity and structure. Populations of P. filiformis showed comparable levels of genetic diversity to its congener, except a single population in northwest Arkansas showed evidence of a genetic bottleneck and two populations in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas showed lower genetic variation, consistent with genetic drift. Populations showed isolation by distance, indicating that migration is geographically limited, and analyses of genetic structure grouped individuals into seven geographically structured genetic clusters, with geographic location/spatial separation showing a strong influence on genetic structure. At least one population is protected for all genetic clusters except one in north-central Arkansas, which should therefore be prioritized for protection. Populations in the Ouachita Mountains were genetically divergent from the rest of P. filiformis; future morphological analyses are needed to identify whether it merits recognition as a new, extremely rare species.

scholarly journals Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA to Assess Genetic Diversity and Structure of NaturalCalophyllum brasiliense(Clusiaceae) Populations in Riparian Forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Evânia Galvão Mendonça ◽  
Anderson Marcos de Souza ◽  
Fábio de Almeida Vieira ◽  
Regiane Abjaud Estopa ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Fioravante Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Kinship Coefficients

The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability in two natural populations ofCalophyllum brasilienselocated along two different rivers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using RAPD molecular markers. Eighty-two polymorphic fragments were amplified using 27 primers. The values obtained for Shannon index (I) were 0.513 and 0.530 for the populations located on the margins of the Rio Grande and Rio das Mortes, respectively, demonstrating the high genetic diversity in the studied populations. Nei’s genetic diversity (He) was 0.341 for the Rio Grande population and 0.357 for the Rio das Mortes population. These results were not significantly different between populations and suggest a large proportion of heterozygote individuals within both populations. AMOVA showed that 70.42% of the genetic variability is found within populations and 29.58% is found among populations (ФST=0.2958). The analysis of kinship coefficients detected the existence of family structures in both populations. Average kinship coefficients between neighboring individuals were 0.053 (P<0.001) in Rio das Mortes and 0.040 (P<0.001) in Rio Grande. This could be due to restricted pollen and seed dispersal and the history of anthropogenic disturbance in the area. These factors are likely to contribute to the relatedness observed among these genotypes.

Recent distribution changes affect geographic clines in genetic diversity and structure of Pinus densiflora natural populations in Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu G. Iwaizumi ◽  
Yoshiaki Tsuda ◽  
Masato Ohtani ◽  
Yoshihiko Tsumura ◽  
Makoto Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

scholarly journals Population genetics of the freshwater fish Prochilodus magdalenae (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae), using species-specific microsatellite loci

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10327
Author(s):  
Ricardo M. Landínez-García ◽  
Juan Carlos Narváez ◽  
Edna J. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Species Specific

Prochilodus magdalenae is a freshwater fish endemic to the Colombian Magdalena-Cauca and Caribbean hydrographic basins. The genetic structure patterns of populations of different members of Prochilodus and the historic restocking of its depleted natural populations suggest that P. magdalenae exhibits genetic stocks that coexist and co-migrate throughout the rivers Magdalena, Cauca, Cesar, Sinú and Atrato. To test this hypothesis and explore the levels of genetic diversity and population demography of 725 samples of P. magdalenae from the studied rivers, we developed a set of 11 species-specific microsatellite loci using next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, and experimental tests of the levels of diversity of the microsatellite loci. The results evidenced that P. magdalenae exhibits high genetic diversity, significant inbreeding coefficient ranging from 0.162 to 0.202, and signs of erosion of the genetic pool. Additionally, the population genetic structure constitutes a mixture of genetic stocks heterogeneously distributed along the studied rivers, and moreover, a highly divergent genetic stock was detected in Chucurí, Puerto Berrío and Palagua that may result from restocking practices. This study provides molecular tools and a wide framework regarding the genetic diversity and structure of P. magdalenae, which is crucial to complement its baseline information, diagnosis and monitoring of populations, and to support the implementation of adequate regulation, management, and conservation policies.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) field genebank: A step towards molecular-assisted germplasm conservation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255418
Author(s):  
Siou Ting Gan ◽  
Chin Jit Teo ◽  
Shobana Manirasa ◽  
Wei Chee Wong ◽  
Choo Kien Wong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) germplasm is exclusively maintained as ex situ living collections in the field for genetic conservation and evaluation. However, this is not for long term and the maintenance of field genebanks is expensive and challenging. Large area of land is required and the germplasms are exposed to extreme weather conditions and casualty from pests and diseases. By using 107 SSR markers, this study aimed to examine the genetic diversity and relatedness of 186 palms from a Nigerian-based oil palm germplasm and to identify core collection for conservation. On average, 8.67 alleles per SSR locus were scored with average effective number of alleles per population ranging from 1.96 to 3.34 and private alleles were detected in all populations. Mean expected heterozygosity was 0.576 ranging from 0.437 to 0.661 and the Wright’s fixation index calculated was -0.110. Overall moderate genetic differentiation among populations was detected (mean pairwise population FST = 0.120, gene flow Nm = 1.117 and Nei’s genetic distance = 0.466) and this was further confirmed by AMOVA analysis. UPGMA dendogram and Bayesian structure analysis concomitantly clustered the 12 populations into eight genetic groups. The best core collection assembled by Core Hunter ver. 3.2.1 consisted of 58 palms accounting for 31.2% of the original population, which was a smaller core set than using PowerCore 1.0. This core set attained perfect allelic coverage with good representation, high genetic distance between entries, and maintained genetic diversity and structure of the germplasm. This study reported the first molecular characterization and validation of core collections for oil palm field genebank. The established core collection via molecular approach, which captures maximum genetic diversity with minimum redundancy, would allow effective use of genetic resources for introgression and for sustainable oil palm germplasm conservation. The way forward to efficiently conserve the field genebanks into next generation without losing their diversity was further discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Revealed by SSR Markers on Endemic Species Osmanthus serrulatus Rehder from Southwestern Sichuan Basin, China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Tingting Pan ◽  
Huirong Qian ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Guodong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
High Level

Osmanthus serrulatus Rehder (Oleaceae) is an endemic spring-flowering species in China. It is narrowly distributed in the southwestern Sichuan Basin, and is facing the unprecedented threat of extinction due to problems associated with natural regeneration, habitat fragmentation and persistent and serious human interference. Here, the genetic diversity and population structure of 262 individuals from ten natural populations were analyzed using 18 microsatellites (SSR) markers. In total, 465 alleles were detected across 262 individuals, with a high polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.893). A high level of genetic diversity was inferred from the genetic diversity parameters (He = 0.694, I = 1.492 and PPL = 98.33%). AMOVA showed that a 21.55% genetic variation existed among populations and the mean pairwise Fst (0.215) indicated moderate genetic population differentiation. The ten populations were basically divided into three groups, including two obviously independent groups. Our results indicate that multiple factors were responsible for the complicated genetic relationship and endangered status of O. serrulatus. The concentrated distribution seems to be the key factor causing endangerment, and poor regeneration, human-induced habitat loss and fragmentation seem to be the primary factors in the population decline and further genetic diversity loss. These findings will assist in future conservation management and the scientific breeding of O. serrulatus.

The population genetic structure and diversification of Aristolochia delavayi (Aristolochiaceae), an endangered species of the dry hot valleys of the Jinsha River, southwestern China

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yun Yang ◽  
Ting-Shuang Yi ◽  
Liang-Qin Zeng ◽  
Xun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Aristolochia delavayi Franch. is an endangered species of the dry hot valleys of the Jinsha River, southwestern China. The genetic diversity and structure of the species and the occurrence of gene flow were investigated with eight inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and four plastid loci (matK, trnL-trnT, rps4-trnT, and trnC-rpoB). The analysis of ISSR markers indicated that the genetic diversity of the species is relatively high (PPB = 84.71%). Similarly, a high gene diversity of HT = 0.833 was found based on the four plastid loci. It is possible that this species previously maintained a large effective population size and that the current relict distribution of the species is a result of large-scale fragmentation and habitat destruction. The origin of the species at approximately 3.407 million years ago and the ensuing intraspecific divergence are generally consistent with the history of two major glaciations in this region. Conservation measures are urgently needed to increase the genetic diversity and population size of this species through both in- and ex-situ action.

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