scholarly journals Evaluation of two fluorescence immunoassays for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen—new tool to detect infective COVID-19 patients

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10801
Author(s):  
Lorena Porte ◽  
Paulette Legarraga ◽  
Mirentxu Iruretagoyena ◽  
Valeska Vollrath ◽  
Gabriel Pizarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Use

Background Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the only recommended diagnostic method for SARS-CoV-2. However, rapid immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 antigen could significantly reduce the COVID-19 burden currently weighing on laboratories around the world. Methods We evaluated the performance of two rapid fluorescence immunoassays (FIAs), SOFIA SARS Antigen FIA (Quidel Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) and STANDARD F COVID-19 Ag FIA (SD Biosensor Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea), which use an automated reader. The study used 64 RT-PCR characterized clinical samples (32 positive; 32 negative), which consisted of nasopharyngeal swabs in universal transport medium. Results Of the 32 positive specimens, all from patients within 5 days of symptom onset, the Quidel and SD Biosensor assays detected 30 (93.8%) and 29 (90.6%) samples, respectively. Among the 27 samples with high viral loads (Ct ≤ 25), the two tests had a sensitivity of 100%. Specificity was 96.9% for both kits. Conclusion The high performance of the evaluated FIAs indicates a potential use as rapid and PCR-independent tools for COVID-19 diagnosis in early stages of infection. The excellent sensitivity to detect cases with viral loads above ~106 copies/mL (Ct values ≤ 25), the estimated threshold of contagiousness, suggests that the assays might serve to rapidly identify infective individuals.

scholarly journals Performance of the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Assay vs. SARS-CoV-2-RT-PCR

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Melanie Fiedler ◽  
Caroline Holtkamp ◽  
Ulf Dittmer ◽  
Olympia E. Anastasiou
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Antigen Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We aimed to evaluate the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay (DiaSorin), comparing its performance to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. 182 (110 PCR-positive and 72 PCR-negative) nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. RT-PCR and antigen assay were performed using the same material. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen assay were calculated for different cut-offs, with RT-PCR serving as the reference method. Stored clinical samples that were positive for other respiratory viruses were tested to evaluate cross-reactivity. One third (33/110, 30%) were falsely classified as negative, while no false positives were found using the 200 TCID50/mL cut-off for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen as proposed by the manufacturer. This corresponded to a sensitivity of 70% (60–78%) and a specificity of 100% (94–100%). Lowering the cut-off for positivity of the antigen assay to 22.79 or 57.68 TCID50/mL increased the sensitivity of the method, reaching a sensitivity of 92% (85–96%) vs. 79% (70–86%) and a specificity of 81% (69–89%) vs. 99% (91–100%), respectively. The antigen assay reliably detected samples with high SARS-CoV-2 viral loads (≥106 copies SARS-CoV-2/mL), while it cannot differentiate between negative and low positive samples. Cross-reactivity toward other respiratory viruses was not detected.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Based Approaches for Efficient and Accurate Detection of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wancun Zhang ◽  
Kangbo Liu ◽  
Pin Zhang ◽  
Weyland Cheng ◽  
Linfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
The World ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract An outbreak of COVID-19, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China in December 2019, spread throughout the country and around the world, quickly. The primary detection technique for SARS-CoV-2, the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–based approach, requires expensive reagents and equipment and skilled personnel. In addition, for SARS-CoV-2 detection, specimens are usually shipped to a designated laboratory for testing, which may extend the diagnosis and treatment time of patients with COVID-19. The latest research shows that clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–based approaches can quickly provide visual, rapid, ultrasensitive, and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 at isothermal conditions. Therefore, CRISPR-based approaches are expected to be developed as attractive alternatives to conventional RT-PCR methods for the efficient and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2. Recent advances in the field of CRISPR-based biosensing technologies for SARS-CoV-2 detection and insights into their potential use in many applications are reviewed in this article.

scholarly journals Role of Crisper CAS9 Technology in the Diagnosis of Covid19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Nishtha Chaturvedi ◽  
Chhaya Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Use

Covid 19 is a pandemic disease came in existence in 2019. It is also called as the Human Corona Virus disease which is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Currently more than 215 countries around the world are being reported to be the sufferers of this disease. When this disease came into existence the diagnosis of the disease became a major task for the scientists and doctors across the world. A method known as RT PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) was applied during that crucial period to detect this disease. Among other diagnostic tools, CRISPER (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) Cas system is being investigated for rapid and specific diagnosis of COVID-19. CRISPER-Cas technology is a highly flexible RNA guided endonuclease (RGEN) based nucleic acid editing tool that has transformed the field of genomics, gene editing, gene therapy and genome imaging. As compared to RT PCR which gives the result of diagnosis in 4-8 hours, the CRISPER Cas based method diagnose it within an hour. So, this technique came out to be a very appropriate and less time-consuming method for detection of the disease. This article is focuses on explaining the potential use of CRISPER Cas9 based approaches for the development of accurate and rapid diagnostic technique and antiviral therapy for detecting and limiting the spread of COVID-19. As this technique is new and advanced so can also be used for various other future applications too.

scholarly journals Utility of forensic detection of rabies virus in decomposed exhumed dog carcasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Markotter ◽  
Jessica Coertse ◽  
Kevin Le Roux ◽  
Joey Peens ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genomic Material

This report describes four suspected rabies cases in domestic dogs that were involved inhuman exposures. In all these cases, the animals were buried for substantial times beforerabies testing was performed. Animal rabies is endemic in South Africa and domestic dogsare the main vector for transmission to humans. Diagnosis of rabies in humans is complicated,and diagnosis in the animal vector can provide circumstantial evidence to support clinicaldiagnosis of rabies in humans. The gold standard diagnostic method, fluorescent antibodytest (FAT), only delivers reliable results when performed on fresh brain material and thereforedecomposed samples are rarely submitted for diagnostic testing. Severely decomposed brainmaterial was tested for the presence of rabies virus genomic material using a quantitativereal-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-real-time RT-PCR) assaywhen conventional molecular methods were unsuccessful. This may be a useful tool in theinvestigation of cases where the opportunity to sample the suspected animals post mortem wasforfeited and which would not be possible with conventional testing methodologies becauseof the decomposition of the material.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Re-infection vs Prolonged Viral Shedding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Barohn ◽  
Mary Hindle ◽  
Lauren Peck ◽  
Syed Hasan Raza Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spread Of Infection

  Since December 2019, COVID 19 pandemic has devastated communities across the world. As number of patients recovered from COVID 19 continue to rise, question of acquired immunity versus chances of re-infection becomes critical to understand the future spread of infection. Here, we present a case of a patient previously recovered from COVID-19, develops new symptoms concerning for possible re-infection with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after few months of initial infection.  

scholarly journals Rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical samples by the polymerase chain reaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kai ◽  
S. Kamiya ◽  
H. Yabe ◽  
I. Takakura ◽  
K. Shiozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Methods of Diagnosis a Preferential Advantage in COVID-19: A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Neha Saini ◽  
Prem Pandey ◽  
Mandar Shirolkar ◽  
Atul Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Humanity is going through never seen before health crisis due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are 24.02 million cases and 0.82 million deaths worldwide as of 26th August 2020 due to deadly infection of COVID-19. The disease has been spreading exponentially (R-naught number: 3) and has challenged even the best healthcare infrastructure in the world. With the progression of the disease, the countries shifted the focus from cure to diagnosis and containment to flatten the curve. The review shows that the disease is spreading exponentially while the resources are still limited. We focus upon the probable vectors of the virus, different diagnostic methods with advantages & limitations, and the way forward. This review article covers the different diagnostic methods with more advantages, limitations, and the future sneak-peek into the forthcoming developments for the diagnostic processes such as RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase chain reaction).

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay for the detection of COVID-19 from clinical samples in low-and middle-income countries: Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oladipo Babafemi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: COVID-19 has spread globally since its discovery in Hubei province, China in December 2019 and became pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 is a new betacoronavirus and a variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARA- CoV-2). Rapid, accurate and reliable diagnosis of COVID-19 will prevent the spread and allow for appropriate management. The main objective of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and summarise the published evidence on the diagnostic performance and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the diagnosis of current or previous COVID-19 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We will search MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS, LILACS, Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialised Register (CIDG SR), Global Health, and CINAHL for published studies for the diagnosis of COVID-19 using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in LMICs There will be no restriction regarding the language, date of publication, and publication status. We will include retrospective, cross-sectional and cohort observational studies will be included in the review. Selection of studies, data extraction and management, assessment of risk of bias, and quality of evidence will be performed by two independent reviewers (EB and BC). A third researcher (GM) will be consulted in case of discrepancies. Depending on the availability and quality of the data, a meta-analysis will be performed. Otherwise, findings will be qualitatively reported. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the uptake of RT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection from clinical samples in human in LMICs. This review will make available evidence on the uptake, accuracy, approach, and interpretation of results of this assay in the context of COVID-19 diagnosis which will meet an urgent need, considering the diagnostic challenges of RT-PCR assay for COVID-19 diagnosis in humans. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021271894

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