scholarly journals Covid-19 Re-infection vs Prolonged Viral Shedding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Barohn ◽  
Mary Hindle ◽  
Lauren Peck ◽  
Syed Hasan Raza Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spread Of Infection

  Since December 2019, COVID 19 pandemic has devastated communities across the world. As number of patients recovered from COVID 19 continue to rise, question of acquired immunity versus chances of re-infection becomes critical to understand the future spread of infection. Here, we present a case of a patient previously recovered from COVID-19, develops new symptoms concerning for possible re-infection with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after few months of initial infection.  

scholarly journals Methods of Diagnosis a Preferential Advantage in COVID-19: A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Neha Saini ◽  
Prem Pandey ◽  
Mandar Shirolkar ◽  
Atul Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Humanity is going through never seen before health crisis due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are 24.02 million cases and 0.82 million deaths worldwide as of 26th August 2020 due to deadly infection of COVID-19. The disease has been spreading exponentially (R-naught number: 3) and has challenged even the best healthcare infrastructure in the world. With the progression of the disease, the countries shifted the focus from cure to diagnosis and containment to flatten the curve. The review shows that the disease is spreading exponentially while the resources are still limited. We focus upon the probable vectors of the virus, different diagnostic methods with advantages & limitations, and the way forward. This review article covers the different diagnostic methods with more advantages, limitations, and the future sneak-peek into the forthcoming developments for the diagnostic processes such as RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase chain reaction).

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Infant with Negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and Antibodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Hanna Sahhar ◽  
Karly Derwitz ◽  
Erica Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Since the declaration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), there has been an emergence of a new syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. MIS-C is defined by the presence of fever, systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 exposure. Knowledge of this syndrome’s presentation and pathophysiology is constantly evolving as more cases are reported in the literature. This case identifies a 3-month-old patient who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibodies but qualified for MIS-C diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge and through extensive research at the time of diagnosing and reporting this condition to the healthcare authorities, we report the youngest pediatric patient with MIS-C diagnosis. We document this case to contribute to further understanding the variable manifestations of MIS-C and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs, And/Or Serology for SARS COVID-19: What Are We Looking For?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sanduzzi ◽  
Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
To Come ◽  
Indirect Tests ◽  
Back To Work

Governments and clinicians that were fully involved in the dramatic SARS-CoV-2 outbreak during the last few weeks in Italy (and more or less all over the world) are fiercely debating the use of methods for screening this viral infection. Thus, all countries are employing a lot of resources in order to test more and more subjects. For this purpose, there are different strategies, based on either direct or indirect tests. Among the first category, the main assays used for SARS-CoV-2 are based on a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Such tests can be performed on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the categories of those with symptoms and those potentially exposed. In order to integrate the molecular assays in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, a wide range of serology immunoassays (IAs) have also been developed. If we want to identify “immune” people in order to let them to come back to work, serology is the best (and probably the only) approach.

Assessment of Thyroid Function in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hasan Mohammed ◽  
Araz Muhammed Yousif ◽  
Samir Anwar Jabbar ◽  
Parween Abdulsamad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Since the egression of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, more than 200 countries and areas around the world were affected. To the present, it is not clear whether COVID-19 has effects on thyroid function or not. The aim of the current study was to assess thyroid function in COVID-19 patients with history of thyroid disease and those without such a history and to find out the thyroid disturbance in both groups. The present study involved 86 COVID-19 affected patients admitted BioLab and the Balsam Hospital, Erbil/ Iraq between January and April 2021. Confirmation of COVID-19 infection all patients by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs. Thyroid hormones, and thyrotropin (TSH) level was analyzed and assessed. Most of the participants (88.4%) had normal T3 level, and there was no significant difference (p = 0.069) between those with normal T3, TPO and with no history of thyroid disease and those with such a history and/or high TPO. T4 levels of the participants with no history of thyroid disease and normal TPO did not differ significantly (p =0.725) from those with a history of thyroid disease and/or high TPO. Regarding the level of TSH, there was significant difference (p<0.001) between the two fore mentioned groups. There is high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the COVID-19 patients with family history of thyroid disease and high TPO antibody level.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Based Approaches for Efficient and Accurate Detection of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wancun Zhang ◽  
Kangbo Liu ◽  
Pin Zhang ◽  
Weyland Cheng ◽  
Linfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
The World ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract An outbreak of COVID-19, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China in December 2019, spread throughout the country and around the world, quickly. The primary detection technique for SARS-CoV-2, the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–based approach, requires expensive reagents and equipment and skilled personnel. In addition, for SARS-CoV-2 detection, specimens are usually shipped to a designated laboratory for testing, which may extend the diagnosis and treatment time of patients with COVID-19. The latest research shows that clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–based approaches can quickly provide visual, rapid, ultrasensitive, and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 at isothermal conditions. Therefore, CRISPR-based approaches are expected to be developed as attractive alternatives to conventional RT-PCR methods for the efficient and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2. Recent advances in the field of CRISPR-based biosensing technologies for SARS-CoV-2 detection and insights into their potential use in many applications are reviewed in this article.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Results with Routine Blood Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tschoellitsch ◽  
Martin Dünser ◽  
Carl Böck ◽  
Karin Schwarzbauer ◽  
Jens Meier
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory secretions, blood, or stool. Currently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used method to test for SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this retrospective cohort analysis, we evaluated whether machine learning could exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection using routinely available laboratory values. A Random Forests algorithm with 1353 unique features was trained to predict the RT-PCR results. Results Out of 12,848 patients undergoing SARS-CoV-2 testing, routine blood tests were simultaneously performed in 1528 patients. The machine learning model could predict SARS-CoV-2 test results with an accuracy of 86% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Conclusion Machine learning methods can reliably predict a negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result using standard blood tests.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of accuracy and sensitivity of chest CT and RT-PCR in COVID-19 diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Saatchi ◽  
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh ◽  
Zahra Sadat Aghamir ◽  
Alireza Namazi Shabestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

AbstractNowadays there is an ongoing acute respiratory outbreak caused by the novel highly contagious coronavirus (COVID-19). The diagnostic protocol is based on quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chests CT scan, with uncertain accuracy. This meta-analysis study determines the diagnostic value of an initial chest CT scan in patients with COVID-19 infection in comparison with RT-PCR. Three main databases; PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for all published literature from January 1st, 2019, to the 21st May 2020 with the keywords "COVID19 virus", "2019 novel coronavirus", "Wuhan coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "X-Ray Computed Tomography", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reverse Transcriptase PCR", and "PCR Reverse Transcriptase". All relevant case-series, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were selected. Data extraction and analysis were performed using STATA v.14.0SE (College Station, TX, USA) and RevMan 5. Among 1022 articles, 60 studies were eligible for totalizing 5744 patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest CT scan compared to RT-PCR were 87% (95% CI 85–90%), 46% (95% CI 29–63%), 69% (95% CI 56–72%), and 89% (95% CI 82–96%), respectively. It is important to rely on the repeated RT-PCR three times to give 99% accuracy, especially in negative samples. Regarding the overall diagnostic sensitivity of 87% for chest CT, the RT-PCR testing is essential and should be repeated to escape misdiagnosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Salman Khan ◽  
Syed Asad Ali Shah ◽  
Syed Muhammad Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Level Of Agreement

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals, causing heavy economic losses to the livestock industry. Rapid and reliable diagnosis of the disease is essential for the implementation of effective control measures. This study compared sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA) and conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of FMD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 60 epithelial samples from suspected cases of FMD were tested using both S-ELISA and RT-PCR assays. The level of agreement between the assays was assessed by calculating the Kappa value. <b><i>Results:</i></b> S-ELISA detected 38 (63%) samples positive for FMD virus (FMDV). Being predominant, serotype O was detected in 22 (57.9%) of the total samples tested positive, whereas 9 (23.7%) and 7 (18.4%) samples were found positive for serotypes A and Asia-1, respectively. RT-PCR detected viral genome in 51 (85%) of the samples using pan-FMDV primers set, 1F/1R. Thirty-six samples were found positive and 7 negative by both the tests. The level of agreement between the tests was assessed by calculating the Kappa value, which was found to be fair (Kappa value = 0.303 and 95% CI = 0.089; 0.517) and significant (<i>p</i> = 0.009). However, 2 samples, which were found positive on S-ELISA tested negative on RT-PCR. This may be attributed to the presence of nucleotide mismatch(es) in the primer-binding sites that may have resulted in failure of amplification of the viral genome. The serotype-specific RT-PCR assays not only confirmed serotyping results of S-ELISA but were also able to establish serotype in 9 S-ELISA-negative but pan-FMDV RT-PCR-positive samples. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The RT-PCR assay contributes significantly to establishing a quick, sensitive, and definitive diagnosis of FMD in resource-constrained countries. Samples giving negative results in S-ELISA should be tested in RT-PCR for the disease detection and virus typing.

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