scholarly journals Reliability of hip muscle strength measured in principal and intermediate planes of movement

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11521
Author(s):  
Basilio A.M. Goncalves ◽  
David J. Saxby ◽  
Adam Kositsky ◽  
Rod S. Barrett ◽  
Laura E. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
Minimum Detectable Change ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Muscle Actions

Background Muscle strength testing is widely used in clinical and athletic populations. Commercially available dynamometers are designed to assess strength in three principal planes (sagittal, transverse, frontal). However, the anatomy of the hip suggests muscles may only be recruited submaximally during tasks performed in these principal planes. Objective To evaluate the inter-session reliability of maximal isometric hip strength in the principal planes and three intermediate planes. Methods Twenty participants (26.1 ± 2.7 years, 50% female) attended two testing sessions 6.2 ± 1.8 days apart. Participants completed 3-5 maximal voluntary isometric contractions for hip abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and internal and external rotation measured using a fixed uniaxial load cell (custom rig) and commercial dynamometer (Biodex). Three intermediate hip actions were also tested using the custom rig: extension with abduction, extension with external rotation, and extension with both abduction and external rotation. Results Moderate-to-excellent intraclass correlation coefficients were observed for all principal and intermediate muscle actions using the custom rig (0.72–0.95) and the Biodex (0.85–0.95). The minimum detectable change was also similar between devices (custom rig = 11–31%; Biodex = 9–20%). Bland-Altman analysis revealed poor agreement between devices (range between upper and lower limits of agreement = 77–131%). Conclusions Although the custom rig and Biodex showed similar reliability, both devices may lack the sensitivity to detect small changes in hip strength commonly observed following intervention.

Relationships between Knee Valgus, Hip-Muscle Strength, and Hip-Muscle Recruitment during a Single-Limb Step-Down

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Hollman ◽  
Barbara E. Ginos ◽  
Jakub Kozuchowski ◽  
Amanda S. Vaughn ◽  
David A. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Outcome Measurements ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Rotation Strength

Context:Reduced strength and activation of hip muscles might correlate with increased weight-bearing knee valgus.Objective:To describe relationships among frontal-plane hip and knee angles, hip-muscle strength, and electromyographic (EMG) recruitment in women during a step-down.Design:Exploratory study.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:20 healthy women 20 to 30 years of age.Interventions:Frontal-plane hip and knee angles were measured. Gluteus maximus and medius recruitment were examined with surface EMG. Hip-abduction and -external-rotation strength were quantified with handheld dynamometry.Main Outcome Measurements:The authors analyzed correlation coefficients between knee and hip angles, gluteus maximus and medius EMG, and hip-abduction and -external-rotation strength.Results:Hip-adduction angles (r = .755, P = .001), gluteus maximus EMG (r = −.451, P = .026), and hip-abduction strength (r = .455, P = .022) correlated with frontal-plane projections of knee valgus.Conclusions:Gluteus maximus recruitment might have greater association with reduced knee valgus in women than does external-rotation strength during step-down tasks. Gluteus medius strength might be associated with increased knee valgus.

scholarly journals Hip Muscle Strength Explains Only 11% of the Improvement in HAGOS With an Intersegmental Approach to Successful Rehabilitation of Athletic Groin Pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110289
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Baida ◽  
Enda King ◽  
Chris Richter ◽  
Shane Gore ◽  
Andrew Franklyn-Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Flexion Extension

Background: Exercise-based rehabilitation targeting intersegmental control has high success rates and fast recovery times in the management of athletic groin pain (AGP). The influence of this approach on hip strength and lower limb reactive strength and how these measures compare with uninjured athletes (CON) remain unknown. Additionally, the efficacy of this program after return to play (RTP) has not been examined. Purpose: First, to examine differences in isometric hip strength, reactive strength, and the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) between the AGP and CON cohorts and after rehabilitation; second, to examine the relationship between the change in HAGOS and the change in strength variables after rehabilitation; last, to track HAGOS for 6 months after RTP. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 42 athletes diagnosed with AGP and 36 matched controls completed baseline testing: isometric hip strength, lower limb reactive strength, and HAGOS. After rehabilitation, athletes with AGP were retested, and HAGOS was collected at 3 and 6 months after RTP. Results: In total, 36 athletes with AGP completed the program with an RTP time of 9.8 ± 3.0 weeks (mean ± SD). At baseline, these athletes had significantly lower isometric hip strength (abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, external rotation: d = –0.67 to −1.20), single-leg reactive strength ( d = −0.73), and HAGOS ( r = −0.74 to −0.89) as compared with the CON cohort. Hip strength ( d = −0.83 to −1.15) and reactive strength ( d = −0.30) improved with rehabilitation and were no longer significantly different between groups at RTP. HAGOS improvements were maintained or improved in athletes with AGP up to 6 months after RTP, although some subscales remained significantly lower than the CON group ( r = −0.35 to −0.51). Two linear regression features (hip abduction and external rotation) explained 11% of the variance in the HAGOS Sports and Recreation subscale. Conclusion: Athletes with AGP demonstrated isometric hip strength and reactive strength deficits that resolved after an intersegmental control rehabilitation program; however, improved hip strength explained only 11% of improvement in the Sports and Recreation subscale. HAGOS improvements after pain-free RTP were maintained at 6 months.

scholarly journals Relationships between Hip Flexibility and Pitching Biomechanics in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell L. Albiero ◽  
Wesley Kokott ◽  
Cody Dziuk ◽  
Janelle A. Cross
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Baseball Pitchers

Abstract Context: Inadequate hip active range of motion (AROM) may stifle the energy flow through the kinematic chain and decrease pitching performance while increasing the risk for pitcher injury. Objective: To examine the relationship of hip AROM and pitching biomechanics during a fastball pitch in adolescent baseball pitchers. Design: Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A voluntary sample of 21 adolescent baseball pitchers (16.1 ± 0.8 yrs.; 183.9 ± 5.2 cm; 77.9 ± 8.3 kg). Main Outcome Measure (s): Bilateral hip internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), flexion, extension, and abduction AROM were measured. Three-dimensional biomechanics were assessed as participants threw from an indoor pitching mound to a strike zone net at regulation distance. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine correlations between hip AROM and biomechanical metrics. Results: Statistically significant negative correlations were found at foot contact between back hip ER AROM and back hip abduction angle (p=0.030, r=−0.474), back hip ER AROM and torso rotation angle (p=0.032, r=−0.468),and back hip abduction AROM and lead hip abduction angle (p=0.037, r=−0.458). Back hip extension AROM was positively correlated with increased stride length (p=0.043, r=0.446). Lead hip abduction AROM was also positively correlated with normalized elbow varus torque (p=0.034, r=0.464). Conclusions: There were several relationships between hip AROM and biomechanical variables during the pitching motion. The findings support the influence hip AROM can have on pitching biomechanics. Overall, greater movement at the hips allows for the kinematic chain to work at its maximal efficiency, increasing pitch velocity potential.

scholarly journals Intrasession and Intersession Reliability of Isometric Trunk and Hip Strength Measurements Using the Portable Tension Dynamometer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sakiko Oyama ◽  
Edgar Garza ◽  
Kylie Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Abduction Strength

Context: The trunk/pelvis is an important link between the upper- and lower-extremities. Therefore, assessing strength of the trunk and hip muscles that control the segments is clinically meaningful. While an isokinetic dynamometer can be used to measure trunk strength, the equipment is expensive and not portable. Objective: To test the reliability of simple trunk and hip strength measures that utilize a bar, straps, and a portable tension dynamometer. Design: Test–retest reliability study. Setting: Biomechanics research laboratory. Patients (or Other Participants): Twenty college-age individuals (10 males/10 females, age = 20.9 [3.7] y) participated. Intervention(s): The participants attended 2 testing sessions, 1 week apart. The participants’ trunk-flexion, rotation, and hip abduction strength were measured at each session. Main Outcome Measures: Peak trunk flexion, rotation, and hip abduction forces were normalized to the participant’s body weight (BW). In addition, hip-abduction torque was calculated by multiplying the force times the leg length and normalized to BW. The trial data from both sessions were used to calculate the intrasession reliability, and the averages from the 2 sessions were used to calculate the intersession reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficients, SEM, and minimal detectable change were calculated to evaluate reliability of measures. Results: The intrasession intraclass correlation coefficients (SEM) for trunk flexion, rotation, hip abduction, and hip abduction torque were .837 (5.2% BW), .978 (1.3% BW), .955 (1.0% BW), and .969 (5.8 N·m/BW), respectively. The intersession reliability for trunk flexion, rotation, hip abduction, and hip abduction torque were .871 (4.3% BW), .801 (3.8% BW), .894 (1.5% BW), and .968 (5.9 N·m/BW), respectively. Conclusions: The measures of trunk and hip abduction strength are highly repeatable within a session. The reliability of the measures between sessions was also good/excellent with relatively small SEM and minimal detectable change. The tests described in this study can be used to assess changes in trunk/hip strength over time.

Correlations between Hip Strength and Static Foot and Knee Posture

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Hollman ◽  
Kimberly E. Kolbeck ◽  
Jamie L. Hitchcock ◽  
Jonathan W. Koverman ◽  
David A. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Context:Hip-muscle weakness might be associated with impaired biomechanics and postures that contribute to lower extremity injuries.Objective:To examine relationships between hip-muscle strength, Q angle, and foot pronation.Design:Correlational study.Setting:Academic laboratory.Participants:33 healthy adults.Main Outcome Measures:Maximal isometric hip abduction (Abd), adduction (Add), external-rotation (ER) and internal-rotation (IR) strength; Q angle of the knee; and longitudinal arch angle of the foot. We analyzed Pearson product– moment (r) correlation coefficients between the Abd/Add and ER/IR force ratios, Q angle, and longitudinal arch angle.Results:The hip Abd/Add force ratio was correlated with longitudinal arch angle (r= .35,P= .025).Conclusions:Reduced strength of the hip abductors relative to adductors is associated with increased pronation at the foot. Clinicians should be aware of this relationship when examining patients with lower extremity impairments.

scholarly journals Weight-Bearing Versus Traditional Strength Assessments of the Hip Musculature

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Bret G. Freemyer ◽  
Anthony Urbi ◽  
Trevor Torigoe ◽  
Christopher Stickley
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
P Values ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hip Extension

Context Traditional nonweight-bearing (NWB) hip-strength assessments may not directly translate to functional strength during weight-bearing (WB) activity. How NWB assessments of hip muscle strength compare with WB assessments in various positions is currently unknown. Objective To determine the magnitude of the differences and correlations between NWB hip strength and WB functional strength during the squatting and lunge (LNG) positions in female athletes. Design Crossover design. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Female athletes (N = 51, age = 16.2 ± 3.5 years, height = 161.5 ± 8.3 cm, mass = 58.3 ± 11.6 kg). Intervention(s) Isometric resistance (N/kg) was determined for the dominant and nondominant limbs via WB assessments (squat-bilateral [legs tested simultaneously], squat-unilateral, and lunge positions) and NWB assessments (hip external rotation [HER], hip extension [HEXT], and hip abduction [HAB]). Main Outcome Measure(s) To compare differences between positions (P ≤ .05), we used effect sizes (d) and matched-pairs t tests, and we calculated Pearson r and R2 values. Results During the squat-bilateral on the dominant limb, females produced the most hip torque (6.13 ± 1.12 N/kg). The magnitudes of differences were very large compared with HER (3.96 ± 0.83, d = 2.2), HEXT (3.22 ± 0.69, d = 3.2), and HAB (3.80 ± 1.01, d = 2.2; all P values ≤ .01), and positions were moderately correlated (r = 0.347–0.419, R2 = 0.12–0.18). The lunge position produced the least amount of torque in the dominant limb (2.44 ± 0.48 N/kg) compared with HER (d = −2.3), HEXT (d = −1.3), and HAB (d = −1.7; all P values ≤ .001), and correlations were small to moderate (r = 0.236–0.310, R2 = 0.06–0.10). Conclusions Strength in WB positions was different than strength evaluated using traditional NWB assessments in female athletes. Weight-bearing tests may provide clinicians with additional information regarding strength and function.

Validity and reliability of a smartphone goniometer application for measuring hip range of motions

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Devrim Can Sarac ◽  
Gamze Yalcinkaya ◽  
Bayram Unver
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minimum Detectable Change ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Hip Flexion

BACKGROUND: Mobile applications which are designed to assess the range of motion (ROM) are widely used. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to determine the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of a smartphone application “PT Goniometer” (PTG) and determine the correlation between PTG and universal goniometer (UG) regarding active ROMs of the hip in healthy participants. METHODS: Thirty-four healthy young participants were included in the study. Two physiotherapists performed active hip flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation ROM measurements of dominant legs of the participants by using PTG and UG. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine the intra-observer and inter-observer reliability. Level of correlations between PTG and UG were used to establish concurrent validity of PTG. RESULTS: The PTG demonstrated excellent inter-observer and intra-observer reliability (ICC >  0.90) for all measured hip movements. The minimum detectable change (MDC95) was ranged from 3.29° to 5.1° for the intra-observer reliability, and from 2.55° to 3.21° for the inter-observer reliability. Additionally, the concurrent validity was found excellent (r = 0.91–0.93). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that PTG is a valid and a reliable mobile technology for measuring hip ROMs.

Functional Hip Characteristics and Their Relationship With Ball Velocity in College Baseball Pitchers

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 854-859
Author(s):  
Osamu Yanagisawa ◽  
Kenta Wakamatsu ◽  
Hidenori Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
College Baseball ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Extension

Context: Compared to shoulder and elbow functions, the hip functional characteristics of baseball pitchers have not been fully investigated. Therefore, little is known about the relationship between hip function and pitching performance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of hip flexibility and strength, focusing on their influences on the ball velocity in baseball pitchers. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Laboratory and university baseball facility. Participants: Twenty-three college baseball pitchers. Interventions: Passive hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric hip muscle strength were bilaterally measured. The pitchers threw 20 fastballs at an official pitching distance. Main Outcome Measures: Bilateral hip ROM and strength in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation; the maximal ball velocity. Results: The pivot side showed smaller hip external rotation ROM (P < .01), larger hip internal rotation ROM (P = .03), and greater hip adduction strength (P = .03) than the stride side. The hip extension ROM on the stride side had a negative correlation with the maximal ball velocity (r = −.58, P < .01). The maximal ball velocity (135.3 [4.1] km/h) positively correlated with the hip extension (r = .59, P < .01), flexion (r = .57, P < .01), abduction (r = .55, P < .01), and adduction (r = .55, P < .01) strength on the pivot leg, and the hip flexion (r = .53, P = .01), abduction (r = .67, P < .01), and adduction (r = .46, P = .03) strength on the stride leg. Conclusions: These findings suggest that baseball pitchers do not have marked side-to-side differences in hip flexibility and strength, and that an important fitness factor for increasing ball velocity is not the hip flexibility but the hip muscle strength of both legs.

scholarly journals Reliability of a New Portable Dynamometer for Assessing Hip and Lower Limb Strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3391
Author(s):  
Jan Marušič ◽  
Goran Marković ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Maximal Peak

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intra- and inter-session reliability of the new, portable, and externally fixated dynamometer called MuscleBoard® for assessing the strength of hip and lower limb muscles. Hip abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation, knee extension, ankle plantarflexion, and Nordic hamstring exercise strength were measured in three sessions (three sets of three repetitions for each test) on 24 healthy and recreationally active participants. Average and maximal value of normalized peak torque (Nm/kg) from three repetitions in each set and agonist:antagonist ratios (%) were statistically analyzed; the coefficient of variation and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2,k) were calculated to assess absolute and relative reliability, respectively. Overall, the results display high to excellent intra- and inter-session reliability with low to acceptable within-individual variation for average and maximal peak torques in all bilateral strength tests, while the reliability of unilateral strength tests was moderate to good. Our findings indicate that using the MuscleBoard® dynamometer can be a reliable device for assessing and monitoring bilateral and certain unilateral hip and lower limb muscle strength, while some unilateral strength tests require some refinement and more extensive familiarization.

Hip and ankle strength and range of motion in female soccer players with dynamic knee valgus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Young Jin Jo ◽  
Young Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Single Leg Squat

BACKGROUND: Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is a known risk factor for acute and chronic knee injuries and is more frequently diagnosed in females. A real-time single-leg squat test (SLST) could screen for DKV to prevent injuries. OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in lower extremity strength and range of motion (ROM) in female soccer athletes with and without DKV during an SLST. METHODS: Eighteen subjects with DKV (DKV group) and 18 subjects without DKV (control group) during a single-leg squat were included. Hip strength (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) was measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Hip ROM (internal and external rotation), and ankle ROM (dorsiflexion with the knee flexed and extended) were measured. Independent t-test was used to compare the averages of the groups. RESULTS: There were significant differences in hip abduction to adduction strength ratio (DKV: 1.48 ± 0.3, control: 1.22 ± 0.26, p< 0.01) and ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed (DKV: 17.22 ± 6.82, control: 21.22 ± 4.55, p< 0.05) and extended (DKV: 10.14 ± 4.23, control: 14.75 ± 3.40, p< 0.001) between the groups. CONCLUSION: The hip abduction to adduction strength ratio and gastrocnemius and soleus flexibility may be associated factors in dynamic knee valgus and therefore should be assessed and treated, if indicated, as a possible preventive measure in female athletes with this variation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document