scholarly journals An examination of factors potentially influencing birth distributions in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuofu Xiang ◽  
Wanji Yang ◽  
Xiaoguang Qi ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
Cyril C. Grueter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Circular Statistics ◽  
Rhinopithecus Roxellana ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Conception Date ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
Free Ranging

Many species of primates are considered seasonal breeders, but the set of factors, such as food availability, day length and temperature, that influence the timing of reproductive events for both wild and captive individuals remains unclear. Here, we examine the role of factors in shaping breeding patterns inRhinopithecus roxellana, a temperate colobine primate. We used circular statistics to describe and compare the patterns of reproductive seasonality among individuals in 13 captive groups and two free ranging but provisioned groups at various locations throughout China. Almost 90% of births occurred in March, April and May in adult females residing in both free ranging (n = 131) and captive groups (n = 407). Births occurred principally in 2–4 months prior to the peak of food availability, while conceptions occurred in 1–2 months after the peak of food availability in free ranging but provisioned groups. Day length (latitude) had a significant effect on the timing of reproduction. However, females that experienced a wide variation of temperature between the lowest and highest monthly average temperature had a later conception date. These results support that day length and temperature might be factor influencing the timing of reproductive activity.

What factors can influence the reproductive phenology of Neotropical Piper species (Piperaceae) in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest?

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Valentin-Silva ◽  
Vanessa Graziele Staggemeier ◽  
Marco Antonio Batalha ◽  
Elza Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Circular Statistics ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Flowering Phase

Plant phenophases can be modulated by abiotic factors as well as by evolutionary history. We tested the influence of factors shaping the reproductive phenology of 17 co-occurring Piper species in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest in southeastern Brazil over a 12 month period. We describe the phenology, applying circular statistics to the flowering and fruiting phenophases for each species. Mantel correlation tests were conducted to investigate the role of phylogeny in phenological responses, and the influence of abiotic variables (temperature, rainfall, and day length) was analyzed using generalized linear models. Additionally, we tested whether the presence of latent flower buds influenced flowering and fruiting times. The phenological variation across species of Piper in the reproductive stages was not phylogenetically structured. Flowering and fruiting occurred throughout the year, but higher seasonality was detected in the flowering phase, which positively correlated with long days (∼13 h). The flowering phase was shorter and occurred earlier in Piper species with latent flower buds than in species without them, probably because these species are better adjusted to respond when climate conditions are favorable for flower anthesis. Thus, abiotic factors and the presence of latent flower buds shape the reproductive phenology of Piper species.

Temperature/light interactions and the effect of seed source on germination of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) seeds

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gramshaw
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Temperature Optima

Germination of Lolium rigidum seeds, in the light (12 hr day length) and in the dark, was studied at constant and alternating (12/12 hr) temperatures in the range 8–35°C. Seeds had after-ripened for 22 weeks. Different constant temperature optima for germinability were found: 27° in light and 11° in dark. Germinability at alternating temperatures in darkness was determined solely by the minimum temperature of the alternation, and there was no response to thermoperiodicity per se. In contrast, light and alternating temperature appeared to interact to increase germinability, although the highest germinability occurred only when the maximum temperature was close to the optimum constant temperature, i.e. about 27°. Germination in both light and dark was most rapid where either the constant or the average temperature of an alternating regime was between 18 and 29°. Below 18° germination rates decreased markedly, and at 8°, rates were one-third of those at 18°. Seeds germinated more slowly in light than in darkness at all temperatures, but the differences were small relative to the effects of low temperatures.In another study, seeds collected from plants naturalized in eight different localities in the cereal belt of Western Australia and subsequently planted together in two contrasting environments were examined for germinability at 24/12°C in light and dark 18 weeks after harvest. Dark germinability differed between seed sources but not between planting sites, and ranged between 78 and 93%. Exposure of germinating seeds to light substantially alleviated dormancy in seeds from all sources.

scholarly journals Podolian cattle: reproductive activity, milk and future prospects

2018 ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cosentino ◽  
Carmine D'Adamo ◽  
Salvatore Naturali ◽  
Giovanni Pecora ◽  
Rosanna Paolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Consumer Test ◽  
Reproductive Career

In the present study, an original article about Podolian cattle and its milk was performed. In detail, the following factors on reproductive career of Podolian cattle in semi-extensive and extensive rearing were analysed: age of calving, gestation lenght, calving interval length, abortions percentage, conception and calving period. Chemical and phisycal parameters (protein, fat and lactose), somatic cell count, lisozyme content and antiradical activity, with ABTS and DPPH assays, of Podolian milk in semiextensive and extensive rearing were evaluated. Finally, suggestions on future prospects of Podolian milk use were proposed: the preparation of hand soap with 5 percentage of podolian milk and the potential role of this breed for prevention and propagation of fire. The data concerning the reproductive career, milk and envinromental role of 677 cows registered in the Herdbook were analysed. The results showed that the 58.56% of the cows manifested a calving interval of 11-14 months. The reproductive activity occurred in spring; over 70% of the cows calved in the period February-April. The chemical-physical aspects of milk are in agreement with literature. It presents an high antioxidant activity values for each group (97.03% and 97.50% for ABTS and 52.09% and 52.60% for DPPH, semiextensive and extensive system respectively). The consumer test shows that the subjects appreciated the soap containing 5% of Podolian milk for different aspect. The data about environmental role were obtained from Podolian cows reared in fifteen grazing areas were monitored for five years during the summer pasture, when the Podolian cattle graze on green grazing areas located in Basilicata region (South of Italy). Therefore, an efficient management of grazing by Podolian cattle could be an important tool to prevent the fire propagation.

scholarly journals Surface-Related Toxicity of Polystyrene Beads to Nematodes and the Role of Food Availability

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1790-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Theres Mueller ◽  
Hendrik Fueser ◽  
Lam Ngoc Trac ◽  
Philipp Mayer ◽  
Walter Traunspurger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Polystyrene Beads

scholarly journals International climate change negotiation: the role of Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-395
Author(s):  
Marcela Cardoso Guilles Da Conceição ◽  
Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Fernanda Reis Cordeiro ◽  
Fernando Vieira Cesário ◽  
Gracie Verde Selva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
International Negotiation ◽  
Climate Change Negotiations ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
International Climate ◽  
International Climate Change

The increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere raises the average temperature of the planet, triggering problems that threaten the survival of humans. Protecting the global climate from the effects of climate change is an essential condition for sustaining life. For this reason, governments, scientists, and society are joining forces to propose better solutions that could well-rounded environmentally, social and economic development relationships. International climate change negotiations involve many countries in establishing strategies to mitigate the problem. Therefore, understanding international negotiation processes and how ratified agreements impact a country is of fundamental importance. The purpose of this paper is to systematize information about how climate negotiations have progressed, detailing key moments and results, analyzing the role that Brazil played in the course of these negotiations and the country’s future perspectives.

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