scholarly journals Microbial communities in the reef water at Kham Island, lower Gulf of Thailand

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naraporn Somboonna ◽  
Alisa Wilantho ◽  
Somchai Monanunsap ◽  
Suchana Chavanich ◽  
Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand

Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse habitats on Earth, but knowledge of their associated marinemicrobiome remains limited. To increase the understanding of the coral reef ecosystem in the lower Gulf of Thailand, this study utilized 16S and 18S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing to identify the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiota present in the reef water at Kham Island, Trat province, Thailand (N6.97 E100.86). The obtained result was then compared with the published microbiota from different coral reef water and marine sites. The coral reefs at Kham Island are of the fringe type. The reefs remain preserved and abundant. The community similarity indices (i.e., Lennon similarity index, Yue & Clayton similarity index) indicated that the prokaryotic composition of Kham was closely related to that of Kra, another fringing reef site in the lower Gulf of Thailand, followed by coral reef water microbiota at GS048b (Cooks Bay, Fr. Polynesia), Palmyra (Northern Line Islands, United States) and GS108b (Coccos Keeling, Australia), respectively. Additionally, the microbial eukaryotic populations at Kham was analyzed and compared with the available database at Kra. Both eukaryotic microbiota, in summer and winter seasons, were correlated. An abundance of Dinophysis acuminata was noted in the summer season, in accordance with its reported cause of diarrhoeatic shellfish outbreak in the summer season elsewhere. The slightly lower biodiversity in Kham than at Kra might reflect the partly habitat difference due to coastal anthropogenic activities and minor water circulation, as Kham locates close to the mainland and is surrounded by islands (e.g., Chang and Kut islands). The global marine microbiota comparison suggested relatively similar microbial structures among coral sites irrespective of geographical location, supporting the importance of coral-associated marine microbiomes, and Spearman’s correlation analysis between community membership and factors of shore distance and seawater temperature indicated potential correlation of these factors (p-values < 0.05) with Kham, Kra, and some other coral and coastal sites. Together, this study provided the second marine microbial database for the coral reef of the lower Gulf of Thailand, and a comparison of the coral-associated marine microbial diversity among global ocean sites.

scholarly journals STATUS TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN PESISIR NEGERI HUKURILA

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Dicky Sahetapy ◽  
Laura Siahainenia ◽  
Debby A J Selanno ◽  
Johannes M S Tetelepta ◽  
Novianty C Tuhumury
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Stony Coral ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Line Intercept

Coral reef is one of the important coastal ecosystems that have high biodiversity. This study aims to analyze the composition of the taxa and the distribution of coral species, the ecological index of coral communities and the status of coral reefs. The research was conducted from April-May 2019 in the coastal waters of Hukurila Village, South Leitimur District, Ambon City. Collecting coral data by using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Determination of coral reef condition based on percent data (value) of coral reef cover. During the study, 116 species of stony coral from 49 genera and 16 families were found, which 50 species of them are protected and 23 species of ornamental coral. The similarity index of stony coral species between coral reef locations ranges from 0.52-0.76 or there is the similarity of stony coral species between locations coral reef in the amount of 52-76%. The coral reefs of Hukurila Village have high diversity of coral species, with a low dominance of coral species in the community, and the compatibility of coral species in the community is classified as stable. Acropora corals contributed a low covering percent value (9.98%), while Non-Acropora corals contributed a relatively high percent of covering value (43.56%). The status of coral reefs between locations in the coastal waters of Hukurila Village is in the criteria of good (healthy).   ABSTRAK Terumbu karang merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir penting yang emiliki kenanekaragaman hayati tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi taksa dan sebaran spesies karang, indeks ekologi kominitas karang dan status terumbu karang. Penelitian dilakukan dari April-Mei 2019 di perairan pesisir Negeri Hukurila Kecamatan Leitimur Selatan Kota Ambon. Pengumpulan data karang menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT). Penentuan kondisi terumbu karang berdasarkan data (nilai) persen penutupan karang batu. Selama penelitian ditemukan 116 spesies karang batu dari 49 genera dan 16 famili, dimana 50 spesies diantaranya dilindungi dan 23 spesies karang hias. Indeks similaritas spesies karang batu antar stasiun terumbu karang berkisar antara 0,52-0,76 atau terdapat kesamaan spesies karang batu antar lokasi terumbu karang sebesar 52-76%. Terumbu karang Negeri Hukurila memiliki diversitas spesies karang tinggi, dengan dominansi spesies karang rendah dalam komunitas, dan keserasian spesies karang dalam komunitas tergolong stabil. Karang Acropora memberi kontribusi nilai persen penutupan rendah (9,98%), sementara karang Non-Acropora memberi kontribusi nilai persen penutupan karang batu relatif tinggi (43,56%). Status terumbu karang antar stasiun terumbu perairan pesisir Negeri Hukurila berada dalam kriteria baik (sehat).   Kata kunci: terumbu, karang batu, keragaman spesies, kesamaan, persen penutupan

scholarly journals KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG PULAU MANTEHAGE KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Ardy Kase ◽  
Indri Manembu ◽  
Joshian Schaduw
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Moderate Condition

Coral reefs are coastal ecosystems with the highest level of diversity. Corals are invertebrates that are included in the Phylum Coelenterata (hollow animal) or Cnidaria. Whereas coral reefs are a collection of millions of polyps. Natural phenomena and various anthropogenic activities threaten the health and presence of Mantehage Island coral reefs and the lack of information about the health conditions of coral reefs on Mantehage Island. The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of coral reefs andto  provide baselines data on Mantehage Island. Data collection was done by using UPT  method (Underwater Photo Transect). Underwater Photo Transect carried out by underwater shooting using a digital camera that was shielded (housing). Image analysis were done using the CPCe software (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions). The results of coral reef health conditions at four stations on Mantehage Island shows, coral reef cover at each station as follows, station 1 (one) 53.00% were in good condition, station 2 (two) 25.40% were in a moderate condition, station 3 (three) 16.49% were in poor condition, and station 4 (four) 42.07% were in a moderate condition. From the four stations, the condition of Mantehage Island's coral reefs were in the moderate category with a percentage of 34.24%.Keywords:. Mantehage Island, Terumbu Karang, UPT, CPCe

Comparison of bacterial communities associated withXestospongia testudinaria, sediment and seawater in a Singaporean coral reef ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
A.C.C. Pires ◽  
D.F.R. Cleary ◽  
A.R.M. Polónia ◽  
S.C. Lim ◽  
N.J. De Voogd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
Sulphur Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

Despite alterations caused by anthropogenic activities in Singaporean coral reefs, the sponge communities are quite diverse andXestospongia testudinariais one of the most common sponge species. In the present study, we used 16S rRNA gene barcoded pyrosequencing to characterize and compare bacterial communities from different biotopes (sponge, seawater and sediment) and to identify dominant bacterial symbionts ofX. testudinariain a Singaporean coral reef ecosystem. Our results showed that biotope appears to affect the richness, composition and abundance of bacterial communities. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in sediment and seawater whilst Chloroflexi was more abundant inX. testudinaria.Members of the order Caldilineales (fermentation of organic substrates), Chromatiales (purple sulphur bacteria), Rhodospirillales (purple non-sulphur bacteria) and Syntrophobacterales (sulphate-reducing bacteria) were relatively more abundant inX. testudinariasamples.

scholarly journals Ascidians Outbreak: A Threat For Coral Reefs in Panjang Island, Jepara

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Haryanti ◽  
Diah Permata Wijayanti ◽  
Bambang Yulianto ◽  
Mada Triandala Sibero ◽  
Lutfillah Arief Ghinaa Shabrina
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Sedimentation ◽  
Reef Health

Eutrophication and sedimentation have become a major threat to coral reefs in nearby areas with anthropogenic activities. These threats are often accompanied by shifting ecosystems from coral-rich to fast-growing algae-dominated water, and high prevalence of coral disease. In Panjang Island, Jepara, we observed the outbreak of photosynthetic ascidians along with a high sedimentation at the eastern part of the island. The ascidians were seen overgrowing most substrates including corals, macroalgae, dead-coral-algae, and rubbles in April to May 2019. In July and August 2019, observation and data collection using quadrant transect were conducted to monitor the outbreak. The result showed that ascidians were still present in the area, despite becoming pale and smaller. This report shows that the outbreak of these photosynthetic ascidians was not persistent, however, the effect on coral reef health should not be overlooked.

scholarly journals Individual and Interactive Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Adult Favites colemani

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhael Clotilde S. Tañedo ◽  
Ronald D. Villanueva ◽  
Andrew F. Torres ◽  
Rachel Ravago-Gotanco ◽  
Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Zooxanthellae Density ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Near Future

Tropical coral reefs are threatened by local-scale stressors that are exacerbated by global ocean warming and acidification from the post-industrial increase of atmospheric CO2 levels. Despite their observed decline in the past four decades, little is known on how Philippine coral reefs will respond to ocean warming and acidification. This study explored individual and synergistic effects of present-day (pH 8.0, 28°C) and near-future (pH 7.7, 32°C) scenarios of ocean temperature and pH on the adult Favites colemani, a common massive reef-building coral in Bolinao-Anda, Philippines. Changes in seawater temperature drive the physiological responses of F. colemani, whereas changes in pH create an additive effect on survival, growth, and photosynthetic efficiency. Under near-future scenarios, F. colemani showed sustained photosynthetic competency despite the decline in growth rate and zooxanthellae density. F. colemani exhibited specificity with the Cladocopium clade C3u. This coral experienced lower growth rates but survived projected near-future ocean warming and acidification scenarios. Its pH-thermal stress threshold is possibly a consequence of acclimation and adaptation to local environmental conditions and past bleaching events. This research highlights the importance of examining the susceptibility and resilience of Philippine corals to climate-driven stressors for future conservation and restoration efforts in the changing ocean.

scholarly journals Submerged banks in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, greatly increase available coral reef habitat

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Harris ◽  
Thomas C.L. Bridge ◽  
Robin J. Beaman ◽  
Jody M. Webster ◽  
Scott L. Nichol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Reef Habitat ◽  
Deep Reef ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Coral Reef Habitat

Abstract Harris, P. T., Bridge, T. C. L., Beaman, R. J., Webster, J. M., Nichol, S. L., and Brooke, B. P. 2013. Submerged banks in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, greatly increase available coral reef habitat. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 284–293. Anthropogenic global ocean warming is predicted to cause bleaching of many near-sea-surface (NSS) coral reefs, placing increased importance on deeper reef habitats to maintain coral reef biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, the location and spatial extent of many deep reef habitats is poorly known. The question arises: how common are deep reef habitats in comparison with NSS reefs? We used a dataset from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to show that only about 39% of available seabed on submerged banks is capped by NSS coral reefs (16 110 km2); the other 61% of bank area (25 600 km2) is submerged at a mean depth of around 27 m and represents potential deep reef habitat that is spatially distributed along the GBR continental shelf in the same latitudinal distribution as NSS reefs. Out of 25 600 km2 of submerged bank area, predictive habitat modelling indicates that more than half (around 14 000 km2) is suitable habitat for coral communities.

scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis of soil samples collected from estuarine mangroves of Arabian Sea reveals rich microbiota and high numbers of sulphate reducing bacteria accompanied with methanogen bacteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandar S. Paingankar ◽  
Deepti D. Deobagkar
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

AbstractThis study reports the analyses of the microbiome of the estuarine soil of mangroves of the Arabian Sea. Mangroves soil samples were collected from 12 locations of Arabian Sea coast of Maharashtra, India. 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 region amplicon sequencing was performed using the Miseq Illumina platform to identify the microbial communities present in the mangroves ecosystem. The metagenomics analysis provided an insight into the abundance, diversity and spatial variations in the mangrove microbial communities in relation to physico-chemical parameters and revealed that Proteobacteria, Flavobacteria and Planctomycetes are abundant in mangroves system. The differences in bacterial abundance, composition and diversity can partly be attributed to the physico-chemical characteristics of the samples, geographical location and anthropogenic activities in the locality. High numbers of sulphate reducing bacteria accompanied with methanogen bacteria were characteristic of Indian mangroves. The results obtained in the current study indicate rich species diversity and add valuable insights about the diversity of microbial communities of the mangroves in Maharashtra along the west coast of India and can provide better information for effective measures for conservation of mangroves. GIS based prediction suggest that the sulphur utilizing communities are under threat from anthropogenic activities and may decline in future if immediate measures are not implemented.

scholarly journals Marine Bacteria Community in a 150-m Depth Tachai Island, the Southeast Andaman Sea of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donlaporn Sripan ◽  
Alisa Wilantho ◽  
Khunnalack Khitmoh ◽  
Doonyapong Wongsawaeng ◽  
Jamal Ouazzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
The West ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Metagenomics ◽  
The Indian Ocean

The southeast Andaman Sea 52-m off the west coast of Phang Nga province, Thailand, is located in the Indian Ocean, representing a hotspot for marine biodiversity of the world. This study utilized metagenomics combined 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4) sequencing, and firstly revealed the microbiota and their metabolism potentials of this site at an epipelagic depth (150-m depth, TC150M), including comparison with its pelagic depth (30-m depth, TC30M) as well as other nearby Thailand and global ocean sites. Between TC150M and TC30M, the TC150M microbial metagenomics was an eight-fold higher, and the microbiota comprised, for examples more abundant Bacteroidetes while fewer Proteobacteria, than the TC30M. The microbial metabolic potentials of the TC150M were statistically higher in replication repair and metabolisms of amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, and xenobiotics biodegradation, etc. Following comparative microbiota analyses between three Andaman Sea sites and two Gulf of Thailand sites, the relatively great proportions of Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chlorobi characterized the southeast Andaman Sea. Nevertheless, the microbiota representing Thailand marine sites remained distinguished from the global ocean sites where beta diversities were close. Thai maritime sites showed proportionally higher Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Nitrospirae, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chlorobi. Thus, the Thai marine microbiota database helps better understand our global ocean microbiota and microbial metabolic potentials. Here, the microbial metabolism potentials between Thailand and the global ocean sites of relatively close microbiota databases encompose the similar functions yet in statistically different frequencies. Our research provided the first preliminary marine microbiome comparison between the epipelagic and pelagic sea levels of the southeast Andaman Sea, Thailand.

CoBOP Coral Reefs: Optical Closure of a Coral Reef Submarine Light Field

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Yentsch ◽  
David A. Phinney
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Light Field

Prominence of environmental and anthropogenic agents on the occurrence of coral reef bleaching syndrome and coral diseases

2024 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 6139-2024
Author(s):  
MICHAŁ SCHULZ ◽  
ALEKSANDRA ŁOŚ ◽  
PATRYCJA SKOWRONEK ◽  
ANETA STRACHECKA
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Main Relationship

Coral reefs are the most productive ecosystems on Earth. They ensure the conservation of biodiversity and are a live habitat for 25% of all marine organisms. The main relationship on the coral reef is the symbiosis between corals and algae from the genus Symbiodinium (commonly called zooxanthellae). The authors of this publication have characterized and described the factors limiting the occurrence of coral reefs, including: water temperature, salinity, access to sunlight, contamination, physicochemical and hydromechanical parameters of water. Moreover anthropogenic threats to coral reefs have been specified, including diving tourism, ecological disasters (e.g. oil spills) and the development of marine aquaristics. Rapid changes in the basic living conditions are dangerous for corals and their symbionts and may cause the unsuitability of the new environment resulting in diseases such as coral bleaching. Corals bleaching is a disease associated with the break of the coral and algae relationship which results in a coral reef death on a global scale. Awareness of these negative factors, often related to human activity, may allow us to better understand the ecological processes that are the basis of reef functioning and might enable us to prevent and oppose to the changes and ecological recessions of coral reefs.

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