scholarly journals E-cigarettes versus nicotine patches for perioperative smoking cessation: a pilot randomized trial

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Lee ◽  
Rachel Tenney ◽  
Arthur W. Wallace ◽  
Mehrdad Arjomandi
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Nicotine Patches ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Patch Group

Introduction Cigarette smoking by surgical patients is associated with increased complications. E-cigarettes have emerged as a potential smoking cessation tool. We sought to determine the feasibility and acceptability of e-cigarettes, compared to nicotine patch, for perioperative smoking cessation in veterans. Methods Preoperative patients were randomized to either the nicotine patch group (n = 10) or the e-cigarette group (n = 20). Both groups were given a free 6-week supply in a tapering dose. All patients received brief counseling, a brochure on perioperative smoking cessation, and referral to the California Smokers’ Helpline. The primary outcome was rate of smoking cessation on day of surgery confirmed by exhaled carbon monoxide. Secondary outcomes included smoking habits, pulmonary function, adverse events, and satisfaction with the products on day of surgery and at 8-weeks follow-up. Results Biochemically verified smoking cessation on day of surgery was similar in both groups. Change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 592 ml greater in the e-cigarette group (95% CI [153–1,031] ml, p = 0.01) and change in forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC ratio) was 40.1% greater in the e-cigarette group (95% CI [18.2%–78.4%], p = 0.04). Satisfaction with the product was similar in both groups. Discussion E-cigarettes are a feasible tool for perioperative smoking cessation in veterans with quit rates comparable to nicotine replacement patch. Spirometry appears to be improved 8-weeks after initiating e-cigarettes compared to nicotine patch, possibly due to worse baseline spirometry and more smoking reduction in the e-cigarette group. An adequately powered study is recommended to determine if these results can be duplicated.

scholarly journals 4066 In Teenagers Who Smoke Cigarettes Are Nicotine Patches as Compared to Placebo Effective to Decrease the Number of Cigarettes Smoked? – A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
Obumneke A Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Nicotine Patches ◽  
Continuous Abstinence

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The aim was to examine whether nicotine patch was more effective in encouraging abstinence from cigarettes smoking compared to placebo. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Randomized controlled trials involving the general teenage age group smokers who were current smokers-“smoked less than 100 cigarettes over their lifetime and smoked at the time of the interview. Databases were searched for relevant studies reported in English that employed a randomized design published since 2000. Two authors extracted data and assessed quality. The primary outcomes and prioritization were continuous abstinence at 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up or more for the number of patients who responded to treatment, defined as a reduction/abstinence. Heterogeneity between studies did not preclude combined analyses of the data. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 4 of 266 publications were included. Four studies reported positive effects on smoking cessation at end of treatment: (1) nicotine patches improved continuous abstinence at 6 weeks – 9 weeks months; (2) nicotine patch improved continuous abstinence at 3 to 6 months; (3) nicotine patches improved continuous abstinence 6 and 12 months; (4) nicotine patches improved continuous abstinence at 6 months – 12 and 24 months (5). All studies showed, continuous abstinence at follow up differed in percentage between groups both at 6 weeks through 24 months, with NRT (Nicotine patch) intervention groups achieving higher rates in most of the studies compared to placebo intervention group. Conclusions: NRT intervention methods seem to increase smoking abstinence in those treated for smoking cessation. Further and larger sample size studies are required to make stronger the base of evidence. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Four randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, for teenagers who smoke cigarettes were identified for inclusion in this review. Four of the studies reported significant effects on smoking cessation, providing evidence of effectiveness of NRT (nicotine patch), behavioral support and combinations of the two, although not all trials intervention treatments found an effect. The four studies reported important intervention effects at both the short and long follow-ups required: 6 weeks up to the 24 months, thereby, providing stronger evidence to support the effectiveness of NRT intervention on smoking cessation. All studies showed some evidence of improved smoking abstinence outcomes. The four studies had in common that the smoking cessation interventions provided a combination of intent to treat prevention, and of all the clinical trials none of them suggested a negative effect of smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes using NRT. However, the studies used reliable methods and reported their cases properly, but the small number of studies reviewed for the systematic review makes the conclusion about the effectiveness of these interventions uncertain. The papers visibly stated how the trials protected against bias, as indicated by the Yes (low risk). No (high risk) and U as “unclear risk.” All four studies conducted a random sequence generation of participants enrolled into the study sample.

Efficacy of electronic cigarettes for tobacco smoking cessation: An adapted systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T O'Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Worldwide smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are increasingly used by tobacco smokers as an aid to smoking cessation; however, their efficacy remains uncertain. Methods Electronic databases, clinical trial registries and grey literature sources were searched. The aim was to examine randomised controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, published since the 2016 Cochrane review on this topic, that assessed the efficacy of ECs in achieving smoking cessation among current smokers. Results Two RCTs and five cohort studies, including a total of 16,460 participants, were eligible for inclusion. One RCT found sustained 1-year abstinence of 18.0% in the EC group versus 9.9% in the nicotine replacement therapy group (RR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.58; P < 0.001). The second RCT did not find a statistically significant difference in abstinence rates between EC users and non-users (RR 0.71). Of the five included cohort studies, four reported statistically significant RRs. Two found a positive association (RRs of 1.45 and 1.84) between EC use and smoking cessation but two studies showed EC use was associated with reduced smoking cessation (RRs of 0.25 and 0.35). Due to significant heterogeneity between the studies the data were deemed unsuitable for pooling into a meta-analysis. All trials assessing smoking reduction reported higher rates of reduction among EC users. No serious adverse events were reported with EC use. Follow-up periods of included trials ranged from one to four years, with an average of 1.6 years. Conclusions There is limited, low-quality evidence that ECs are an effective intervention for smoking cessation and smoking reduction. The overall quality of evidence is low as it is based on a small number of studies with inconsistent and imprecise results. Due to the short follow-up periods of the included trials, the long-term safety of ECs is unclear from this review. Key messages Limited evidence that electronic cigarettes are an effective smoking cessation intervention. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the efficacy of ECs for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals β2-Adrenergic genotypes and risk of severe exacerbations in COPD: a prospective cohort study

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 934-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truls Sylvan Ingebrigtsen ◽  
Jørgen Vestbo ◽  
Line Rode ◽  
Jacob Louis Marott ◽  
Peter Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Acute Admissions

BackgroundIndividual susceptibility to exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely influenced by genetic factors; however, most such variance is unexplained. We hypothesised that β2-adrenergic receptor genotypes, Gly16Arg (rs1042713, c.46G>A) and Gln27Glu (rs1042714, c.79C>G) influence risk of severe exacerbations in COPD.MethodsAmong 96 762 individuals in the Copenhagen General Population Study, we identified 5262 with COPD (forced expiratory volume in one second divided by forced vital capacity, FEV1/FVC, below 0.7, FEV1 less than 80% of predicted value, age above 40 years and no asthma) who had genotyping performed. Severe exacerbations were defined as acute admissions due to COPD during 5 years of follow-up (mean 3.4 years). 923 individuals with COPD diagnosed similarly in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) were used for replication analyses.ResultsWe recorded 461 severe exacerbations in 5262 subjects. The HRs for severe exacerbations were 1.62 (95% CI 1.30 to 2.03, p=0.00002) for 16Gly/Arg heterozygotes and 1.41 (1.04 to 1.91, p=0.03) for 16Arg homozygotes, compared with 16Gly homozygotes. HRs were 1.35 (1.03 to 1.76, p=0.03) for 27Gln/Glu heterozygotes and 1.49 (1.12 to 1.98, p=0.006) for 27Gln homozygotes, compared with 27Glu homozygotes. Similar trends were observed in the CCHS. Among 27Gln homozygotes only, HRs were 5.20 (1.81 to 14.9, p=0.002) for 16Gly/Arg heterozygotes and 4.03 (1.40 to 11.6, p=0.01) for 16Arg homozygotes, compared with 16Gly homozygotes.ConclusionCommon β2-adrenergic receptor genotypes influence risk of severe exacerbations in COPD, potentially mainly by genetic influence of the 16Arg allele in rs1042713.

Pulmonary Function in Pubertal Synchronized Swimmers: 1-year Follow-up Results and Its Relation to Competitive Achievement

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Gabrilo ◽  
Mia Peric ◽  
Marija Stipic
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Synchronized Swimming ◽  
Before And After

Pulmonary function (PF) is particularly important in synchronized swimming, considering the characteristics of this sport. However, the sanitizing agents (chlorine) used in pools can have a possible negative influence on the PF parameters. In this study, we observed 24 swimmers (all women, 14 to 16 years of age) and measured their PF and competitive achievement. PF was measured before and after a 1-year period and included standard spirometric variables. Competitive achievement was evidenced during the National Championship. The t-test showed significant increases in body height and weight of the participants and a resulting increase in most of the absolute respiratory flows and pulmonary capacities. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (both in proportion to norm for body height, gender, and age) increased significantly within the study period. FVC significantly predicted the competitive achievement of young swimmers, most probably because artists have to achieve exceptional breath control when upside down underwater. In conclusion, we found no evidence for the eventual negative influence of chlorine and its compounds on the PF of swimmers, and results showed that regular synchronized swim training could improve the PF of young artists.

Long-term outcomes of surgery for pulmonary artery sling in children†

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S Yong ◽  
Michael Z L Zhu ◽  
Douglas Bell ◽  
Nelson Alphonso ◽  
Johann Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Tracheal Surgery

Abstract OBJECTIVES Pulmonary artery (PA) sling is a rare vascular anomaly often associated with congenital tracheal stenosis. We describe the long-term outcomes with repair of this condition. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at 2 institutions. From 1984 to 2018, 33 patients with PA sling underwent repair. RESULTS The median age at the time of surgery was 5.9 months (quartile 1–3: 2.5–12 months). Concomitant tracheal surgery was required in 21 patients (64%) where slide tracheoplasty was used in 11 patients (52%). There were no early deaths in patients who did not require tracheal surgery (n = 12). Operative mortality was 22% (2 of 9 patients) between 1984 and 1993, 11% (1 of 9 patients) between 1994 and 2003 and 6.7% (1 of 15 patients) between 2004 and 2018. The 15-year probability of survival for patients who had PA sling repair alone was 100%, and for patients who required PA sling and tracheal repair was 76 ± 10% (95% confidence interval 51–89%) (P = 0.08). The mean follow-up for survivors was 14 ± 9.8 years (3 months–33 years). All survivors were in the New York Heart Association functional class I/II at the last follow-up. Spirometry performed at a median age of 10.4 years after PA sling and tracheal surgery demonstrated obstructive lung defects with median forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 1.0 l (48% predicted), forced vital capacity of 1.5 l (74% predicted) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity of 0.69 (78% predicted). CONCLUSIONS Early mortality after PA sling repair is determined by the need for tracheal surgery. Though late survival was excellent, and the majority of survivors remained asymptomatic, long-term respiratory assessment and follow-up is warranted for these patients.

scholarly journals Nicotine nasal spray with nicotine patch for smoking cessation: randomised trial with six year follow up   Commentary: Progress on nicotine replacement therapy for smokers

BMJ ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 318 (7179) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Blondal ◽  
L. J. Gudmundsson ◽  
I. Olafsdottir ◽  
G. Gustavsson ◽  
A. Westin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Nicotine Replacement

scholarly journals The Preliminary Efficacy and Feasibility of Group-Based Smoking Cessation Treatment Program for Incarcerated Smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 155798832094335
Author(s):  
Pamela Valera ◽  
Nicholas Acuna ◽  
Ismary Vento
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Nicotine Patches ◽  
Cessation Treatment

Group-based tobacco dependence treatment has been known to help smokers to quit in general adult populations, but the feasibility and efficacy of this type of smoking cessation treatment in correctional settings remain uncertain. A 6-week group-based smoking cessation treatment with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in the form of nicotine patches was implemented in seven male prison facilities, in the Northeast, among smokers who were born biologically as male. Exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO) levels were collected from participants at each session to confirm smoking status. Participants were evaluated at the 1-month post-group treatment follow-up to determine abstinence. Those who were lost to follow-up were recorded as continued smoking and not using NRT nicotine patches. The goal of the study was to explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of conducting a smoking cessation treatment program for incarcerated smokers. A total of 350 inmates were screened, 177 inmates were enrolled across the prison sites for the 6-week program, and 102 inmates completed the program. A majority of those enrolled reported that they began smoking when they were between 15 and 19 years of age (44.9%) and were smoking on average for 26 years. Less than half (21.3%) reported ever using electronic cigarettes at baseline and in Session 1,116 individuals who attended reported a median CO level of 18.0 parts per million (ppm). At a 1-month follow-up, 43 individuals reported a median CO level of 5.00 ppm. The study demonstrated preliminary efficacy and feasibility of group-based smoking cessation treatment with NRT nicotine patches in incarcerated smokers.

Lung Function in Royal Naval Firefighting Instructors

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Caroline S. M. Searing ◽  
D. J. Smith ◽  
R. J. Pethybridge ◽  
R. F. Goad ◽  
S. J. Legg
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Normal Ageing

SummaryA four phase investigation into the effects of Royal Naval firefighting training on pulmonary function was carried out between 1979 and 1984. Phases I and II, reported elsewhere, failed to demonstrate changes in the lung function either in instructors, as measured by forced spirometry and transfer factor, over a one month period, or trainees, as measured by forced spirometry, during a one day fire-fighting course.This paper describes the results of phase III in which further lung function data was gathered from the instructors, at six monthly intervals, over two years. Multiple regression analysis of the data indicated that smoke exposure had a significant effect on the transfer factor (T1), flow at 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF75) , and the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in one second to the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%). The decrements observed were many times those predicted for normal ageing.Analysis of data collected on instructors who had left the school in the previous twelve months failed to reveal any significant improvement in these three measurements. A later follow up study conducted 3 to 5 years after instructors had left the school (Phase IV) showed significant improvements in T1 and FEF75 when related to the first readings after leaving the school.The changes observed are confounded by the high incidence of cigarette smokers amongst the instructors.

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