scholarly journals Combined effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii and avermectins on the survival and immune response of Aedes aegypti larvae

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy A. Noskov ◽  
Olga V. Polenogova ◽  
Olga N. Yaroslavtseva ◽  
Olga E. Belevich ◽  
Yuriy A. Yurchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Mosquito Mortality

Combination of insect pathogenic fungi and microbial metabolites is a prospective method for mosquito control. The effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii J.F. Bischoff, S.A. Rehner & Humber and avermectins on the survival and physiological parameters of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) larvae (dopamine concentration, glutathione S-transferase (GST), nonspecific esterases (EST), acid proteases, lysozyme-like, phenoloxidase (PO) activities) was studied. It is shown that the combination of these agents leads to a synergistic effect on mosquito mortality. Colonization of Ae. aegypti larvae by hyphal bodies following water inoculation with conidia is shown for the first time. The larvae affected by fungi are characterized by a decrease in PO and dopamine levels. In the initial stages of toxicosis and/or fungal infection (12 h posttreatment), increases in the activity of insect detoxifying enzymes (GST and EST) and acid proteases are observed after monotreatments, and these increases are suppressed after combined treatment with the fungus and avermectins. Lysozyme-like activity is also most strongly suppressed under combined treatment with the fungus and avermectins in the early stages posttreatment (12 h). Forty-eight hours posttreatment, we observe increases in GST, EST, acid proteases, and lysozyme-like activities under the influence of the fungus and/or avermectins. The larvae affected by avermectins accumulate lower levels of conidia than avermectin-free larvae. On the other hand, a burst of bacterial CFUs is observed under treatment with both the fungus and avermectins. We suggest that disturbance of the responses of the immune and detoxifying systems under the combined treatment and the development of opportunistic bacteria may be among the causes of the synergistic effect.

scholarly journals THE USE OF AGENTS BASED ON THE BACTERIUM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-896
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Roslavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Mosquito control is necessary to improve the epidemic and, consequently, the sanitary and hygienic situation in human settlements. At the same time, the safest and more environmentally friendly way of controlling is not the fight against adult mosquitoes, but the treatment of reservoirs with microbiological larvicides based on entomopathogenic, aerobic, spore-forming, saprophytic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (de Barjac) (Bti). A new serotype of the bacterium B. thuringiensis was found in Israel in the Negev desert. This serotype being more active against larvae of blood-sucking and non-blood-sucking mosquitoes and midges than previously known serotypes, was named israelensis. Bti endotoxin is a typical insecticide with intestinal type of action for different mosquito species. For example, Bti H14 is highly insecticidal to the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus at very low concentrations. The parasporal body (endotoxin crystal), a crystalline protein consisted of four main polypeptides and two minor polypeptides, possesses of a larvicidal action. Larvicidal activity is associated with a synergistic effect in a combination of four polypeptides. The possibility of development of resistance to products based on Bti and Bacillus sphaericus in populations of mosquitoes (Culicidae) was investigated. The use of domestic microbiological formulations based on Bti («Baktitsid», «Larviol-pasta», and «Antinat») was shown an eradication the larvae of bloodsucking mosquitoes and midges to be possible and rational, since they are not generated resistant populations of mosquitoes. This is confirmed by more than 30 years of the use of such formulations.

scholarly journals Enfrentamento ao Aedes aegypti no contexto brasileiro

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Sales Vieira ◽  
Ítala Keane Rodrigues Dias ◽  
Cicera Luciana da Silva Sobreira ◽  
Francisco Elizaudo de Brito Junior ◽  
Maria Do Socorro Vieira Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis ◽  
Innovative Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

Objetivo: sintetizar as ações desenvolvidas para o enfrentamento ao Aedes aegypti no contexto brasileiro. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa. Realizou-se a busca na MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF. Utilizaram-se os filtros: texto completo disponível; idioma (português, inglês e espanhol), tipo de documento (artigo) e ano de publicação (2013-2018). Organizou-se o processo de definição e seleção dos estudos por meio do fluxograma PRISMA. Utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ para o processamento e a análise dos dados. Analisaram-se os dados a partir da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e da nuvem de palavras. Resultados: selecionaram-se 31 estudos. Originaram-se seis classes com as seguintes estratégias: fungos entomopatogênicos; peixes larvívoros; Wolbachia pipientis; técnicas RILD e SIT; inseticidas botânicos; larvicidas Diflubenzuron e Deltramina; Piriproxifeno; monitoramento tecnológico; visitas regulares pelo ACS e ACE; abordagem ecossaúde; MIV e campanhas. Conclusão: conclui-se que há uma variedade de estratégias de enfrentamento às arboviroses e o quão são necessários o aperfeiçoamento e o desenvolvimento de técnicas inovadoras para o controle deste agravo. Descritores: Aedes; Controle de Mosquitos; Brasil; Prevenção de Doenças; Infecções por Arbovírus; Controle de Infecções.AbstractObjective: to synthesize the actions developed to confront Aedes aegypti in the Brazilian context. Method: this is a bibliographic, descriptive, integrative review study. The search was performed at MEDLINE, LILACS and BDENF. The filters were used: full text available; language (Portuguese, English and Spanish), type of document (article) and year of publication (2013-2018). The process of definition and selection of studies was organized through the PRISMA flowchart. IRAMUTEQ software was used for data processing and analysis. Data was analyzed from Descending Hierarchical Classification and word cloud. Results: 31 studies were selected. Six classes originated with the following strategies: entomo-pathogenic fungi; larval fish; Wolbachia pipientis; RILD and SIT techniques; botanical insecticides; larvicides Diflubenzuron and Deltramine; Pyriproxyfen; technological monitoring; regular visits by ACS and ACE; eco-health approach; MIV and campaigns. Conclusion: it is concluded that there are a variety of strategies for coping with arboviruses and how much the improvement and development of innovative techniques for the control of this disease are necessary. Descriptors: Aedes; Mosquito Control; Brazil; Disease Prevention; Arbovirus Infections; Infection Control.ResumenObjetivo: sintetizar las acciones desarrolladas para enfrentar al Aedes aegypti en el contexto brasileño. Método: este es un estudio bibliográfico, descriptivo, tipo revisión integradora. La búsqueda se realizó en MEDLINE, LILACS y BDENF. Se utilizaron los filtros: texto completo disponible; idioma (portugués, inglés y español), tipo de documento (artículo) y año de publicación (2013-2018). El proceso de definición y selección de estudios se organizó a través del diagrama de flujo PRISMA. El software IRAMUTEQ se utilizó para el procesamiento y análisis de datos. Los datos se analizaron a partir de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente y nube de palabras. Resultados: se seleccionaron 31 estudios. Seis clases se originaron con las siguientes estrategias: hongos entomopatógenos; peces larvales; Wolbachia pipientis; Técnicas RILD y SIT; insecticidas botánicos; larvicidas Diflubenzuron y Deltramine; Piriproxifeno; monitoreo tecnológico; visitas regulares de ACS y ACE; enfoque de ecosalud; MIV y campañas. Conclusión: se concluye que hay una variedad de estrategias para hacer frente a los arbovirus y cuánto es necesaria la mejora y el desarrollo de técnicas innovadoras para el control de esta enfermedad. Descriptores: Aedes; Control de Mosquitos; Brasil; Prevención de Enfermedades; Infecciones por Arbovirus; Control de Infecciones.

scholarly journals Синергетическое действие пиретроидного инсектицида и энтомопатогенного гриба на Daphnia magna Straus

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Noskov ◽  
E. A. Chertkova ◽  
O. V. Polenogova ◽  
O. N. Yaroslavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Detoxification System ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Lethal Doses

<p>The interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Metarhizium robertsii</em> and the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate on <em>Daphnia magna</em> Straus was investigated. A synergy in the mortality of daphnids was detected after simultaneous treatment with sub-lethal doses of the fungus (1×10<sup>5</sup> conidia/ml) and esfenvalerate (0.1 mkg/l). The defense strategies of daphnids infected by fungus and treated with esfenvalerate and untreated insects were compared to investigate the mechanisms of this synergy. Activity of enzymes of the detoxification system and concentration of dopamine were measured. We have shown changes in the activities of the enzymes and dopamine concentration of daphnids under combined treatment of esfenvalerate and fungus. Fungus enhanced activity of glutathione-S-transferase and non-specific esterase but did not affect the dopamine level. Esfenvalerate inhibited the activity of enzymes in the detoxification system and cause a rise in dopamine level. We assume that the suppression of the detoxification system may be one of the reasons of synergy between <em>M. robertsii</em> and esfenvalerate.</p>

scholarly journals Empirical Support for the Pattern of Competitive Exclusion between Insect Parasitic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Shiqin Li ◽  
Wenjuan Yi ◽  
Siyi Chen ◽  
Chengshu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogens

Fungal entomopathogens are largely facultative parasites and play an important role in controlling the density of insect populations in nature. A few species of these fungi have been used for biocontrol of insect pests. The pattern of the entomopathogen competition for insect individuals is still elusive. Here, we report the empirical competition for hosts or niches between the inter- and intra-species of the entomopathogens Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana. It was found that the synergistic effect of coinfection on virulence increase was not evident, and the insects were largely killed and mycosed by M. robertsii independent of its initial co-inoculation dosage and infection order. For example, >90% dead insects were mycosed by M. robertsii even after immersion in a spore suspension with a mixture ratio of 9:1 for B. bassiana versus M. robertsii. The results thus support the pattern of competitive exclusion between insect pathogenic fungi that occurred from outside to inside the insect hosts. Even being inferior to compete for insects, B. bassiana could outcompete M. robertsii during co-culturing in liquid medium. It was also found that the one-sided mycosis of insects occurred during coinfection with different genotypic strains of either fungi. However, parasexual recombination was evident to take place between the compatible strains after coinfection. The data of this study can help explain the phenomena of the exclusive mycosis of insect individuals, but co-occurrence of entomopathogens in the fields, and suggest that the synergistic effect is questionable regarding the mixed use of fungal parasites for insect pest control.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Petiveria Alliacea (Linneaus) leaf and root bark powder in the control of filariasis vector Culex Quinquefasciatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Olarewaju Akintan ◽  
Joseph Onaolapo Akinneye ◽  
Oluwatosin Betty Ilelakinwa
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Petiveria Alliacea ◽  
Feeding Activities

Abstract Background Mosquitoes are vectors of parasitic diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, yellow fever, and dengue fever among others. They are well known as public enemies for their noise nuisance, biting annoyance, sleeplessness, allergic reactions, and diseases transmission during the biting and feeding activities. This then necessitate the search for insecticides of plant origin which are bio-degradable, non-toxic, and readily available for man use. Result This study, evaluated the fumigant efficacy of the powder of P. alliacea to control the adult stage of Culex mosquito. Powder of Petiveria alliacea were administered at different dose of (1 g, 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, and 5 g), respectively. Result obtained shows the fumigant effect of the powder were effective with percentage mortality of 18.33–60.00% for the leaf powder and 23.30–71.60% for the root powder within 2 h post-treatment period (P < 0.05). The synergistic effect of the leaf and root powder was also investigated. The lethal dosage (LD50) of the leaf, root, and synergistic effect of leaf and root bark powder required to kill 50% of the adult Culex quinquefasciatus was 3.76 g, 2.86 g, and 2.63 g, respectively. However, 25.06 g, 15.25 g, and 12.94 g of the leaf, root, and leaf and root powder were required to kill 90% (LD90) after a 2-h exposure period. Conclusion These finding suggested P. alliacea powder could be a good source of insecticide which may be used for the production of biopesticides. The present findings have important implications in the practical control of adult mosquito by using botanical insecticides. These plant powders are easy to prepare, inexpensive, and safe for use in mosquito control.

scholarly journals Permethrin Resistance in Aedes aegypti Affects Aspects of Vectorial Capacity

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Tse-Yu Chen ◽  
Chelsea T. Smartt ◽  
Dongyoung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Vectorial Capacity ◽  
Parental Population ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Channel Gene ◽  
Sodium Channel Gene ◽  
Specific Pcr

Aedes aegypti, as one of the vectors transmitting several arboviruses, is the main target in mosquito control programs. Permethrin is used to control mosquitoes and Aedes aegypti get exposed due to its overuse and are now resistant. The increasing percentage of permethrin resistant Aedes aegypti has become an important issue around the world and the potential influence on vectorial capacity needs to be studied. Here we selected a permethrin resistant (p-s) Aedes aegypti population from a wild Florida population and confirmed the resistance ratio to its parental population. We used allele-specific PCR genotyping of the V1016I and F1534C sites in the sodium channel gene to map mutations responsible for the resistance. Two important factors, survival rate and vector competence, that impact vectorial capacity were checked. Results indicated the p-s population had 20 times more resistance to permethrin based on LD50 compared to the parental population. In the genotyping study, the p-s population had more homozygous mutations in both mutant sites of the sodium channel gene. The p-s adults survived longer and had a higher dissemination rate for dengue virus than the parental population. These results suggest that highly permethrin resistant Aedes aegypti populations might affect the vectorial capacity, moreover, resistance increased the survival time and vector competence, which should be of concern in areas where permethrin is applied.

Investigating Male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Attraction to Different Oviposition Containers Using Various Configurations of the Sound Gravid Aedes Trap

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-961
Author(s):  
Kyran M Staunton ◽  
Barukh B Rohde ◽  
Michael Townsend ◽  
Jianyi Liu ◽  
Mark Desnoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Male Dispersal ◽  
Olfactory Attractant

Abstract Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), the primary vectors of the arboviruses dengue virus and Zika virus, continue to expand their global distributions. In efforts to better control such species, several mosquito control programs are investigating the efficacy of rearing and releasing millions of altered male Aedes throughout landscapes to reduce populations and disease transmission risk. Unfortunately, little is known about Ae. aegypti, especially male, dispersal behaviors within urban habitats. We deployed Sound-producing Gravid Aedes Traps (SGATs) in Cairns, northern Australia, to investigate male Ae. aegypti attraction to various oviposition container configurations. The traps were arranged to include: 1) water only, 2) organically infused water, 3) infused water and L3 larvae, 4) infused water and a human-scented lure, and lastly 5) no water or olfactory attractant (dry). Our data suggest that males were more attracted to SGATs representing active larval sites than potential larval sites, but were equally attracted to dry SGATs relative to those containing water and/or infusion. Additionally, we found that female Ae. aegypti were equally attracted to wet SGATs, with or without infusion, but not dry ones. These results suggest that male Ae. aegypti within northern Australia are more attracted to active larval sites and equally attracted to dry containers as wet or infused ones. Additionally, female Ae. aegypti are unlikely to enter dry containers. Such findings contribute to our understanding of potentially attractive features for local and released Ae. aegypti throughout the northern Australian urban landscape.

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