scholarly journals The increasing prevalence of CPV-2c in domestic dogs in China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqi Hao ◽  
Yuwei He ◽  
Chuhan Wang ◽  
Weiqi Xiao ◽  
Ruohan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Nucleotide Database ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Multiple Variants

Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a serious pathogen, leads to high morbidity and mortality in dogs and several wild carnivore species. Although it is a DNA virus, it evolves particularly rapidly, with a genomic substitution rate of approximately 10−4 substitutions/site/year, close to that of some RNA viruses. Tracing the prevalence of CPV-2 in dogs is significant. Methods In this study, an aetiological survey was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in Guangdong Province, China, involving Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan. Furthermore, to systematically analyse the prevalence of CPV-2 in China, the VP2 gene sequences of all Chinese isolates were downloaded from the NCBI nucleotide database in December 2019, and changes in CPV-2 variants were examined. Results A total of 55.7% (34/61) of samples were CPV-2 positive by PCR detection and virus isolation. In addition to different variants circulating in dogs, coinfection with multiple variants was identified, as was coinfection with other canine enteric pathogens in some cases. Two previously reported amino acid sites, A5G and Q370R of CPV-2c mutants, reported in variants in China were assessed, and several CPV-2 isolates with P13S and K582N mutations were detected in this study. Finally, we speculate on the prevalence of different CPV-2 variants in China. According to the VP2 gene sequence obtained from the NCBI nucleotide database, the proportion of different variants in China has changed, and CPV-2c appears to be growing rapidly. In conclusion, this aetiology survey suggests that CPV-2 continues to be common in China and that the prevalence of CPV-2c is increasing.

scholarly journals Genetic characterisation and local genotypes of canine parvovirus strains collected from pet dogs in central and eastern China during 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Wen Hu ◽  
Liangyan Zheng ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Jun Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Major Amino Acid

AbstractIntroductionCanine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) causes acute infectious diseases in puppies, which show high morbidity and mortality. Better effect of vaccination against these diseases could be achieved with deeper knowledge of CPV-2 genotype dissemination and mutation history. This study investigated CPV-2–positive samples collected recently over a wide region of China.Material and MethodsA total of 118 faecal samples from dogs identified as CPV-positive were collected from veterinary clinics in central and eastern China. Overall, 16 strains collected from Anhui, 29 from Henan, and 16 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced to determine the genotypic composition of CPV-2 and mutational complexity of CPV-VP2.ResultsThe CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c genotypes were detected in Anhui and Henan Provinces, while CPV-2c alone was detected in Zhejiang Province. Sequence analysis of all strains showed 98.5%–99.8%, 98.3%–99.9%, and 98.7%–99.8% identity among the 16 Anhui, 29 Henan, and 16 Zhejiang strains, respectively. Strains collected from Anhui and Henan Provinces showed lower identity (97.0%), suggesting greater genetic divergence in central China. The mutation rates of Henan and Anhui strains were lower than that of Zhejiang strains. Major amino acid mutations occurred at sites 5, 370, 426, and 440. Epitope and entropy analyses implied these sites’ likely conformance to the principles of mutation tendency, complexity, and diversity.ConclusionThe findings for the evolutionary structure of CPV-2 strains collected from three provinces in central and eastern China advance trend monitoring of the genetic variation in canine parvovirus and point to its implications in the development of novel vaccines.

scholarly journals A phylogenetic study of canine parvovirus type 2c in midwestern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danúbia S. Fontana ◽  
Paulo Ricardo D. Rocha ◽  
Raquel A.S. Cruz ◽  
Letícya L. Lopes ◽  
Andréia L.T. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Representative Samples

Since the late 1970s, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has emerged as a causative agent of fatal severe acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. To date, three antigenic types of CPV-2 were described worldwide (CPV-2a/b/c). This study was conducted to determine the variants of CPV-2 circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil. Out of 50 fecal samples, collected between 2009 and 2011, 27 tested positive for CPV-2. A 583 bp fragment of the VP2 gene was amplified by PCR, 13 representative samples were analyzed further by DNA sequencing. All strains were characterized as CPV-2c, displayed a low genetic variability although observed several amino acid substitution. These findings indicated that CPV-2c has been circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil.

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OFCANINE PARVOVIRUS TYPE2A AND 2B AMONG SHELTER DOGS — THE NEW RECOMBINATION IN VIRUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Ming-Hua Sung ◽  
Tsung-Ming Chen ◽  
Yi-Chen Yang ◽  
Yuan-Ting Lu ◽  
Man-Yu Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
Central Taiwan ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a severe enteric pathogen mainly affecting dogs. CPV-2 contains three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) that are distributed internationally. Detection and characterization of the currently circulating CPV-2 strains are vital for the understanding of viral evolution, transmission, and the development of methods to control its spreading. Herein, we analyzed the strains in central Taiwan to provide information of local viral evolution, diversity, and epidemiology. Stool and blood samples from 24 dogs and 2 cats were genotyped by PCR amplification of strain-specific VP2 sequence collected during 2011–2013. 60% (16/26) of them were positive and 100% (16/16) of these positive samples were type 2b. Then, the full length VP2 gene was sequenced in 6 CPV-positive samples and a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using both Taiwan and other strains worldwide. Surprisingly, all Taiwan CPVs showed high relatedness to type 2a. Recombination analysis revealed a recombination of VP2 gene between type 2a and 2b. This study demonstrates a recombination between CPV-2a and 2b in nature that contributes to the genetic diversity and evolution of CPV-2.

scholarly journals Clinical and Virological Findings in Pups Naturally Infected by Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Glu-426 Mutant

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Decaro ◽  
Costantina Desario ◽  
Marco Campolo ◽  
Gabriella Elia ◽  
Vito Martella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

An outbreak of canine parvovirus type 2 infection caused by the Glu-426 mutant in 2 litters of pups is reported. The infected pups ( n = 6) were monitored daily for evidence of clinical signs and hematological changes and for the evaluation of viral shedding in the feces. The disease induced by the Glu-426 mutant was mild in all the infected pups. Vomiting and hemorrhagic diarrhea were not observed; however, the pups developed mucoid diarrhea (3.5 median days), depression (1.5 median days), and relative leukopenia and lymphopenia (2.5 median days). Fever and loss of appetite were observed only in 2 pups. Virus was detected in the feces for 4.5, 6.5, and 46 median days by hemagglutination, virus isolation on cell cultures, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. By real-time PCR, the highest viral DNA titers were detected in the feces of both litters at day 10, reaching median values of more than 1010 DNA copies/mg of feces.

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics and Genetic Evolutionary Analyses of Circulating Parvoviruses Derived From Cats in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashu Tang ◽  
Na Tang ◽  
Jingru Zhu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yanli Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Feline Parvovirus ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Abstract Background: Feline parvovirus (FPV) is a member of the Parvoviridae family, which is a major enteric pathogen of cats worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of feline parvovirus in Beijing, China and analyze the genetic features of detected viruses.Results: In this study, a total of 60 parvovirus-positive samples (8.5%) were detected from 702 cat fecal samples using parvovirus specific PCR. The complete VP2 genes were amplified from all these samples. Among them, 55 sequences were characterized as FPV (91.7%), the other five were typed as canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) variants (8.3%), comprised of four CPV-2c and a new CPV-2b strain. In order to identify the origin of CPV-2 variants in cats, we amplified full-length VP2 genes from 7 fecal samples of dogs infected with CPV-2, which were further classified as CPV-2c. Moreover, the sequences of new CPV-2b/MT270586 and CPV-2c/MT270587 detected from feline samples shared 100% identity with previous canine isolates KT156833 and MF467242 respectively, indicating the CPV-2 variants circulating in cats were derived from dogs. Sequence analysis indicated new mutations, Ala91Ser and Ser192Phe, in the FPV sequences, while obtained CPV-2c carried mutations reported in Asian CPV variants, showing they share a common evolutionary pattern with the Asian 2c strains. Interestingly, the FPV sequence (MT270571), displaying four CPV-specific residues, was found to be a putative recombinant sequence between CPV-2c and FPV. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 gene showed that amino acid and nucleotide mutations promoted the evolution of different geographical branches of FPV and CPV lineages.Conclusions: Our findings will be helpful to further understand the circulation and evolution of canine and feline parvovirus in Beijing.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of feline panleukopenia virus from dogs in Vietnam reveals a unique Thr101 mutation in VP2

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9752
Author(s):  
Minh Hoang ◽  
Cheng-Nan Wu ◽  
Chuen-Fu Lin ◽  
Huong Thanh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Van Phan Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Surface ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Feline Parvovirus ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are known as the main causes of several serious diseases and have a severe impact on puppies and kittens, respectively. FPV and new CPV-2 variants are all able to infect cats, causing diseases indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia. However, FPV only replicates efficiently in feline cells in vitro and replicates in dogs in the thymus and bone marrow without being shed in feces. In our previous study, the genotypes of six parvoviral isolates were unable to be identified using a SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. Methods In the present study, we characterized previously unidentified FPV-like viruses isolated from dogs in Vietnam. The six isolates were utilized to complete VP2 gene sequencing and to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Results Sequence analysis of the six parvoviral strains identified the species as being similar to FPV. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the complete VP2 genes of the strains are similar to those of FPV. The FPV-like strains contain a Thr101 mutation in the VP2 protein, which is different from prototype FPV strains. Discussion Our data provide evidence for the existence of changes in the charge, protein contact potential and molecular surface of the core of the receptor-binding size with an Ile101 to Thr101 mutation. This is also the first study to provide reliable evidence that FPV may be a threat to the Vietnamese dog population.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Evolutionary Analyses of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 NS1 Gene

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mira ◽  
Marta Canuti ◽  
Giuseppa Purpari ◽  
Vincenza Cannella ◽  
Santina Di Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Ns1 Gene ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 is the etiological agent of a severe disease of terrestrial carnivores. This unique specie encompasses canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV). Studies widely analyzed the main capsid protein (VP2), but limited information is available on the nonstructural genes (NS1/NS2). This paper analyzed the NS1 gene sequence of FPLV and CPV strains collected in Italy in 2009–2017, along with worldwide related sequences. Differently from VP2, only one NS1 amino-acid residue (248) clearly and constantly distinguished FPLV from CPV-2, while five possible convergent amino-acid changes were observed that may affect the functional domains of the NS1. Some synonymous mutation in NS1 were non-synonymous in NS2 and vice versa. No evidence for recombination between the two lineages was found, and the predominance of negative selection pressure on NS1 proteins was observed, with low and no overlap between the two lineages in negatively and positively selected codons, respectively. More sites were under selection in the CPV-2 lineage. NS1 phylogenetic analysis showed divergent evolution between FPLV and CPV, and strains were clustered mostly by country and year of detection. We highlight the importance of obtaining the NS1/NS2 coding sequence in molecular epidemiology investigations.

Co-Infection with Multiple Variants of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2)

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Battilani ◽  
L. Gallina ◽  
F. Vaccari ◽  
L. Morganti
Keyword(s):  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Multiple Variants
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