Investigation on the Ignition of Self-Regulating Heating Cables due to Overheating

Owing to the self-regulating heating cables installed to prevent freeze-up, hundreds of fires are reported annually. According to the Fire Statistical Yearbook of 2020, provided by the National Fire Agency of Korea, a total of 2,245 fires occurred due to seasonal equipment, of which 240 were caused by heating wires. It is reported that the fires due to the self-regulating heating cables are mainly caused by short circuit, heat storage, poor contact, and electric leakage. Herein, the possibility of ignition in self-regulating heating cables owing to overheating is investigated. Test samples were prepared according to the IEC 60738 standard, and the resistance characteristics and surface conditions were analyzed at varying temperatures. It was found that the self-temperature control function of these cables was lost at a specific temperature. In addition, the ignition of self-regulating heating cables was confirmed through a fire reproduction test at the experimental temperature.

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On line monitoring of burning through for short circuit CO2 arc welding based on the self-organize feature map neural networks

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.3901/cjme.2001.02.106 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 14 (02) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Di Li

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Arc Welding ◽

Short Circuit ◽

The Self ◽

Feature Map ◽

On Line

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Simulation of a New Self-Structured Fuzzy Controller Applied to a Temperature Control Process

International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation ◽

10.4018/jaec.2013070105 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 47-57

Author(s):

Rafik Lasri ◽

Ignacio Rojas ◽

Héctor Pomares ◽

M. Nemiche

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Control Algorithm ◽

Fuzzy Controller ◽

Control Process ◽

The Self ◽

Fuzzy Controllers ◽

Current State ◽

Internal Parameters

A new methodology of Fuzzy Controllers that can change the internal parameters of the controller in real time is presented in this paper. The Self-structured algorithm is able to adapt their rules consequents and re-organize their MFs in real time according to the current state of the controlled plant. Via a simulation of a temperature control process, the authors have proved and demonstrated the effectiveness and usefulness of their control algorithm compared to a conventional FLC under the same condition and using the same Simulated plant.

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Designed of Wireless Intellectualized Temperature Control System in Tobacco Preserve Based on Fuzzy-PID

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.890 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 416-417 ◽

pp. 890-894

Author(s):

Xiao Hui Guo

Keyword(s):

Temperature Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Control Function ◽

Temperature Control System ◽

Pid Controllers ◽

Fuzzy Pid ◽

Single Chip ◽

Control Effect ◽

Set Up ◽

The Individual

Tobacco Warehousing is chiefly applied to preserve the tobacco that is separated into leaf and stem so that the tobacco moisture is controlled at the range of technology demand.The present control method of tobacco save is that the references of every PID control link are set up and adjusted by human experience. So, the control effect varies with the individual and the output tobacco moisture can't maintain stable.The fuzzy-PID temperature system is based on CC2430 single chip. It includes the power source, the manipulative algorithm, the temperature examination , the correspondence of up PC and the output-control of the switch value and so on. Computer takes the parameter deviation and the deviation change as input, and the PID controllers parameters of ΔKp, Δki, ΔKd as output. The sub program realized the corresponding events by completing zone bit and zone bit judgment. The main program realized temperature control function by calling the wireless micro-controller sends a signal to the charged unit

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Study on Heat Storage Change Characteristics of a Double Reheat Boiler During Load Cycling Processes

ASME 2019 Power Conference ◽

10.1115/power2019-1906 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zhu Wang ◽

Ming Liu ◽

Yongliang Zhao ◽

Daotong Chong ◽

Junjie Yan

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Real Time ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Power Plants ◽

Heat Storage ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Working Medium ◽

Load Cycling ◽

Reheat Steam ◽

The Difference

Abstract The stability of the live and reheat steam temperatures is of great significance for the efficient, flexible and safe operation of coal-fired power plants. The double reheat boilers are large inertia, non-linearity and high coupling. Therefore, the temperature controls of live and reheat steams are very difficult during load cycling processes. The heat storage in the double reheat boiler changes during load cycling process, which will affect the performances of temperature control. In this study, dynamic simulation models of an ultra-supercritical double reheat tower boiler and its temperature control models are developed based on the GSE software. These models are validated. Then, changes of the boiler system heat storage during different load cycling processes are studied. Results reveal that the metal heat storage is more than working medium ones at steady state load. However, the changing quantities of working medium heat storage are more than the metal ones between different loads. During load cycling processes, the changing tendencies of reheat steam temperatures, the difference of heat storage between real-time and steady state values (DHSBRS) and the difference of coal feeding rate between real-time and steady values (DCBRS) are similar. The fluctuations of reheat steam temperatures have a delay compared with DHSBRS ones, and the fluctuations of DHSBRS fluctuation have a delay compared with DCBRS ones. The delay time increases with the load cycling rates. The results are aimed at providing some guidance for the control system design of the double-reheat boiler system and the safe and flexible operation of power plants.

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Temperature Control Function of the Choroid May Be the Reason for the Increase in Choroidal Thickness during the Acute Phase of Familial Mediterranean Fever

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000443849 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 235 (2) ◽

pp. 123-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullah Kaya ◽

Yakup Aksoy ◽

Mehmet Koray Sevin� ◽

Oktay Diner

Keyword(s):

Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Control Function ◽

Mediterranean Fever

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Leakage Inductances of Transformers at Arbitrarily Located Windings

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13236464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 6464

Author(s):

Marcin Jaraczewski ◽

Tadeusz Sobczyk

Keyword(s):

Differential Operators ◽

Short Circuit ◽

The Self ◽

Power Transformers ◽

Stray Field ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Leakage Inductance ◽

Leakage Flux ◽

Partial Differential Operators ◽

Internal Asymmetry

The article presents the calculation of the leakage inductance in power transformers. As a rule, the leakage flux in the transformer window is represented by the short-circuit inductance, which affects the short-circuit voltage, and this is a very important factor for power transformers. This inductance reflects the typical windings of power transformers well, but is insufficient for special transformers or in any case of the internal asymmetry of windings. This paper presents a methodology for calculations of the self- and mutual-leakage inductances for windings arbitrarily located in the air window. It is based on the 2D approach for analyzing the stray field in the air zone only, using discrete partial differential operators. That methodology is verified with the finite element method tested on real transformer data.

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