scholarly journals A Case of Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis in Cluster of Differentiation Four Cell Counts Greater Than 50

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spandana Narvaneni ◽  
Ariana R Tagliaferri ◽  
Ro-Jay Reid ◽  
George Horani ◽  
Michael Maroules
Keyword(s):  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

scholarly journals Cluster of differentiation 4+ T-cell counts and human immunodeficiency virus-1 viral load in patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Sakshee Gupta ◽  
Bharti Malhotra ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Prabhu Dayal Khandelwal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coinfections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with hepatitis viruses may affect the progress of disease and response to therapy. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfections in HIV–positive patients and their influence on HIV–1 viral load and cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) T–cell counts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This pilot study was done on 179 HIV–positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre. Their blood samples were tested for HIV-1 viral load, CD4+ T–cell counts, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti–HCV antibodies, HBV DNA and HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Among the 179 patients, 7.82% (14/179) were coinfected with HBV and 4.46% (8/179) with HCV. Median CD4+ T–cell count of HIV monoinfected patients was 200 cells/µl and viral load was 1.67 log10 copies/µl. Median CD4+ T–cell counts of 193 cells/µl for HBV (P = 0.230) and 197 cells/µl for HCV (P = 0.610) coinfected patients were similar to that of HIV monoinfected patients. Viral load was higher in both HBV and HCV infected patients but statistically significant only for HCV (P = 0.017). Increase in CD4+ T–cell counts and decrease in HIV–1 viral load in coinfected patients on 2 years of ART were lower than that in HIV monoinfected patients. CONCLUSION: HBV/HCV coinfected HIV patients had similar CD4+ T–cell counts as in HIV monoinfected patients, higher HIV viral load both in chemo–naive patients and in those on ART as compared to HIV monoinfected patients. However, this study needs to be done on a large scale to assess the impact of coinfection on CD4 count and HIV viral load with proper follow–up of patients every 6 months till at least 2 years.

scholarly journals CD4+ dan Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kepatuhan Terapi Antiretroviral pada Orang dengan HIV/AIDS di Jayapura

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Setyo Adiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the leading health problems in Papua and antiretroviral (ARV) therapy increases cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+). We examined whether the CD4+ counts correlated with factors affecting adherence of ARV therapy in Papua. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2017 at VCT RSUD Dok II Jayapura. We assessed 85 respondents receiving ARV therapy for 12-24 months, who had fulfilled inclusion criteria agreed to sign the informed consent. Information of CD4+ and factors affecting adherence were obtained from blood samples analysis and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Fisher exact test and Odds Ratio at p<0,05. The result showed that the high percentages of respondents’ characteristics include female, aged 15-30 years, employed, had formal education, indigenous Papuan, good treatment knowlegde, never switch ARV, had ARV side effects, had health insurance, never stigmatized, always got adherence counseling, easy access to health services, had family support, no community support. Most of the respondents were adherent to taking ARVs and had an increase in CD4+ cell counts. Women, working status, and stigma had a greater risk for immunodeficiency. Evaluation was required for respondents whose good adherence but did not experienced an increase in CD4+ cell counts. Keywords : CD4+, factors affecting adherence, ARV therapy, HIV/AIDS, Jayapura Abstrak Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) menjadi salah satu permasalahan kesehatan di Papua. Terapi antiretroviral (ARV) meningkatkan jumlah Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4+). Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis hubungan CD4+ dengan faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan terapi di Papua. Sampling dilakukan Juni sampai September 2017. Responden 85 pasien terapi ARV 12-24 bulan di VCT RSUD Dok II Jayapura yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan setuju untuk menandatangani informed consent. Data CD4+ dan faktor kepatuhan diperoleh dari pemeriksaan sampel darah dan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan uji Fisher exact dan Odds Ratio pada p <0,05. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa persentase karakteristik responden terbesar adalah perempuan, berumur 15-30 tahun, bekerja, sekolah dan asli Papua. Informasi berkaitan dengan ARV dengan persentase terbesar adalah pengetahuan pengobatan baik, tidak pernah ganti ARV pernah mengalami efek samping ARV, memiliki jaminan kesehatan, tidak pernah mengalami stigma, selalu mendapat konseling kepatuhan, akses layanan kesehatan mudah, mendapat dukungan keluarga, tidak mendapat dukungan komunitas. Mayoritas responden patuh minum ARV dan mengalami kenaikan jumlah CD4+. Perempuan, status bekerja, dan stigma memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk imunodefisiensi. Diperlukan evaluasi pada responden patuh minum ARV tetapi tidak mengalami kenaikan CD4+. Kata kunci : CD4+, faktor memengaruhi kepatuhan, terapi ARV, HIV/AIDS, Jayapura

scholarly journals Staging and haematological abnormalities of HIV-infected persons in the rural Free State Province of South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries J. Groenewald ◽  
Hendrik J. Van Wyk ◽  
Corinna M. Walsh ◽  
Lynette J. Van der Merwe ◽  
Sanet Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Free State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Study Population ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Objectives: The objectives of this study were firstly to determine HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) prevalence in the rural Free State, secondly to classify the stages of HIV by utilising CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) counts, and thirdly to measure differences in haematological abnormalities between HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected participants. Method: Blood specimens were obtained from 552 participants in Springfontein (36.3%), Trompsburg (30.1%) and Philippolis (33.5%). Participants were between 25–64 years of age, of which 28.1% were male (mean age 47.3 years) and 71.9% were female (mean age 46.0 years). The primary screening for HIV status was performed using the Enzygnost® HIV Integral II Ag/Ab test and confirmed by the Vironostica® HIV Uni-Form II Ag/Ab test. Full blood counts were performed on all participants, but CD4 counts were only performed on HIV-positive serum.Results: The overall prevalence of HIV was 17.1%, with the peak prevalence in female participants (41.3%) occurring in the age group of 31–40 years, and in male participants (37.9%) in the age group of 41–50 years. Most HIV-uninfected participants (40.9%) were 51–60 years of age, whilst most HIV-infected participants were 31–40 years (35.6%) of age. The lowest mean CD4 count (276 cells/mm3) was observed in the age group 41–50 years, which was significantly lower than a mean count of 459 cells/mm3 in the age group 31–40 years (p ≤ 0.05). Haemoglobin was significantly reduced in HIV-infected male participants (p < 0.01) and female participants (p < 0.000 1), as ware white blood cell counts (p < 0.001), neutrofil counts (p < 0.005) and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.005). Peak prevalence of HIV in terms of age occurred later (between 31–40 years) than previously described and was reflected by a delayed low CD4 count (41–50 years).Conclusion: The low CD4 counts and anaemia were probably indicative of a generally ill study population. Participants in need of medical care should be identified and referred for management and follow-up. 

An Alternative Elastase-mediated Degradation of Fibrinogen and Fibrin Observed in a Patient with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis and Pneumonia

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (02) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji lijima ◽  
Fumiyo Murakami ◽  
Yasushi Horie ◽  
Katsumi Nakamura ◽  
Shiro Ikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ◽  
Pmn Elastase ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Pmn Élastase

SummaryA 74-year-old female developed pneumonia following herpes simplex encephalitis. Her white blood cell counts reached 28,400/μl, about 90% of which consisted of granulocytes. The polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase/α1-arantitrypsin complex levels increased and reached the maximum of 5,019 ng/ml, indicating the release of a large amount of elastase derived from the granulocytes. The mechanism of PMN elastase release was most likely to be granulocyte destruction associated with phagocytosis. The cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin by PMN elastase, independent of plasmin, was indicated by the presence of the fragments in immunoprecipitated plasma from the patient corresponding to elastase-induced FDP D and DD fragments and the absence of fragments corresponding to plasmin-induced FDP D and DD fragments on SDS-PAGE. These findings suggested that the large amount of PMN elastase released from the excessive numbers of granulocytes in this patient with herpes simplex encephalitis and pneumonia, induced the cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin without the participation of plasmin.

High Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) Levels in Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia Are Reduced by Heparin Administration

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gugliotta ◽  
Silvana Viganò ◽  
A D’Angelo ◽  
Anna Guarini ◽  
S Tura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blast Cell ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Intravenous Bolus ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Heparin Administration ◽  
Blast Cells ◽  
Baseline Values

SummaryPlasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in 30 untreated patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were significantly higher than in 30 healthy controls (p <0.001). Patients without laboratory signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) had levels of FPA higher than controls (p <0.02) but markedly lower than patients with DIC (p <0.001). Five patients with M3 leukemia had a higher mean FPA level (p <0.02) and a lower peripheral blast cell count (p <0.05) than patients with other cytological subtypes of ANLL. When patients with M3 were excluded, a significant correlation was observed between the peripheral blast cell counts and the FPA levels (r = 0.66, p <0.001). FPA levels were similar with body temperature either above or below 38° C. After intravenous bolus of heparin FPA dropped to normal levels in 14 out of 17 patients who had high baseline values. These findings indicate that intravascular thrombin formation, which probably result from the expression of procoagulant activities of blast cells, is the main cause of high FPA in the majority of patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF SPERMATOGENESIS IN RATS BEARING HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS OF MAMMILLARY AND SUPRA-CHIASMATIC NUCLEI

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Bernard A. Rüedi
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Germinal Cell ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Hypothalamic Lesions ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Bilateral Lesions ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT A quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis has been made in rats bearing bilateral lesions of the lateral mammillary nuclei or of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. There was no significant change in the germinal cell counts in lesioned rats as compared either with normal or with sham operated rats.

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