High Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) Levels in Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia Are Reduced by Heparin Administration

SummaryPlasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in 30 untreated patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were significantly higher than in 30 healthy controls (p <0.001). Patients without laboratory signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) had levels of FPA higher than controls (p <0.02) but markedly lower than patients with DIC (p <0.001). Five patients with M3 leukemia had a higher mean FPA level (p <0.02) and a lower peripheral blast cell count (p <0.05) than patients with other cytological subtypes of ANLL. When patients with M3 were excluded, a significant correlation was observed between the peripheral blast cell counts and the FPA levels (r = 0.66, p <0.001). FPA levels were similar with body temperature either above or below 38° C. After intravenous bolus of heparin FPA dropped to normal levels in 14 out of 17 patients who had high baseline values. These findings indicate that intravascular thrombin formation, which probably result from the expression of procoagulant activities of blast cells, is the main cause of high FPA in the majority of patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.

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Expression of a myeloid marker on TdT-positive acute lymphocytic leukemic cells: evidence by double-fluorescence staining

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v60.6.1392.1392 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 1392-1396 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

P Bettelheim ◽

E Paietta ◽

O Majdic ◽

H Gadner ◽

J Schwarzmeier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Blast Cell ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Fluorescence Staining ◽

Direct Demonstration ◽

Distinct Portion ◽

Blast Cells

Abstract The expression of a myeloid-specific antigen was detected on TdT- positive blast cell populations in two cases of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Double-fluorescence staining by using the monoclonal antibody, VIM-D5, which is specific for cells of myeloid origin, in combination with TdT antiserum revealed that a distinct portion of the blast cells carried both markers. The finding represents the first direct demonstration of this specific biphenotype in leukemic cells and was interpreted as the abnormal expression of a myeloid antigen on lymphoid blast cells.

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Expression of a myeloid marker on TdT-positive acute lymphocytic leukemic cells: evidence by double-fluorescence staining

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v60.6.1392.bloodjournal6061392 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 1392-1396 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P Bettelheim ◽

E Paietta ◽

O Majdic ◽

H Gadner ◽

J Schwarzmeier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Blast Cell ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Fluorescence Staining ◽

Direct Demonstration ◽

Distinct Portion ◽

Blast Cells

The expression of a myeloid-specific antigen was detected on TdT- positive blast cell populations in two cases of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Double-fluorescence staining by using the monoclonal antibody, VIM-D5, which is specific for cells of myeloid origin, in combination with TdT antiserum revealed that a distinct portion of the blast cells carried both markers. The finding represents the first direct demonstration of this specific biphenotype in leukemic cells and was interpreted as the abnormal expression of a myeloid antigen on lymphoid blast cells.

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Upregulation of Serum lncRNA DLEU1 Predicts Progression of Premalignant Endometrial Lesion and Unfavorable Clinical Outcome of Endometrial Cancer

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/1533033820965589 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 153303382096558

Author(s):

Lixia Shan ◽

Tao Zhao ◽

Yu Wang

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Critical Role ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Cox Regression Analysis

Objective: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Upregulation of lncRNA deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 (DLEU1) has been reported in endometrial cancer (EC) tissues. This prospective study aimed to determine the potential clinical significance of serum lncRNA DLEU1 in EC. Methods: The serum lncRNA DLEU1 level was detected in EC patients, patients with endometrial hyperplasia and healthy controls by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Then its clinical value in EC was further evaluated. Results: Our results demonstrated that serum lncRNA DLEU1 levels were significantly increased in patients with EC, and serum lncRNA DLEU1 showed good performance for discriminating EC patients from patients with endometrial hyperplasia and healthy controls. In addition, EC patients with advanced clinicopathological features had higher circulating lncRNA DLEU1 level than those with favorable clinical characteristics. Moreover, EC patients in the high serum lncRNA DLEU1 group suffered worse overall survival and disease-free survival than those in the low serum lncRNA DLEU1 group. Furthermore, multivariate cox regression analysis displayed that the serum lncRNA DLEU1 served as an independent prognostic factor for EC. Conclusions: Collectively, our study suggests that serum lncRNA DLEU1 is a novel and promising biomarker for prognostic estimation of EC.

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Increase in polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T-cells in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94469-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Asmaa M. Zahran ◽

Azza Shibl ◽

Amal Rayan ◽

Mohamed Alaa Eldeen Hassan Mohamed ◽

Amira M. M. Osman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

B Cell ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Critical Role ◽

Suppressor Cells ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Blast Cells ◽

Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

The Impact

AbstractOur study aimed to evaluate the levels of MDSCs and Tregs in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), their relation to patients’ clinical and laboratory features, and the impact of these cells on the induction response. This study included 31 pediatric B-ALL patients and 27 healthy controls. All patients were treated according to the protocols of the modified St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital total therapy study XIIIB for ALL. Levels of MDSCs and Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry. We observed a reduction in the levels of CD4 + T-cells and an increase in both the polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) and Tregs. The frequencies of PMN-MDSCs and Tregs were directly related to the levels of peripheral and bone marrow blast cells and CD34 + cells. Complete postinduction remission was associated with reduced percentages of PMN-MDSCs and Tregs, with the level of PMN-MDCs in this subpopulation approaching that of healthy controls. PMN-MDSCs and Tregs jointly play a critical role in maintaining an immune-suppressive state suitable for B-ALL tumor progression. Thereby, they could be independent predictors of B-ALL progress, and finely targeting both PMN-MDSCs and Tregs may be a promising approach for the treatment of B-ALL.

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Effect of two methods of hand heating on body temperature, forearm blood flow, and deep venous oxygen saturation

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1990.259.5.e639 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 259 (5) ◽

pp. E639-E643 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

I. W. Gallen ◽

I. A. Macdonald

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Oxygen Content ◽

Forearm Blood Flow ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Left Hand ◽

Venous Oxygen Saturation ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Healthy Females

Two methods of hand heating [warmed blanket 40 degrees C (WB) and warm-air box 55 degrees C (WA)] were compared with the effect of no heating (control) in six healthy females. After 30 min baseline, the left hand was either heated for 1 h or not heated. Measurements were made of skin temperature (ST), core temperature (CT), right forearm (FBF) and skin blood flow (SBF), and right forearm deep venous blood oxygen content with and without occlusion of the hand circulation. CT rose above baseline in WB (by +0.2 degrees C, P less than 0.01) but not with control or WA. Abdominal ST rose only with WB (by +0.66 degrees C above baseline, P less than 0.01). FBF increased above baseline values with both WA (by +10 ml.l forearm-1.min-1) and WB (by +12 ml.l forearm-1.min-1), but neither was significantly greater than the control. SBF increased above baseline only with WB (by +202 mV, P less than 0.01), and this was significantly greater than control SBF. With an occluded hand circulation, deep venous oxygen content rose above baseline values with WB only (+6.0%, P less than 0.01) but was not greater than control with either method of hand heating. We conclude that using a warm-air box has less effect than a heated blanket on the measured variables.

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Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase induces transient thrombin activity

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v72.2.616.616 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 616-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 184

Author(s):

J Owen ◽

KD Friedman ◽

BA Grossman ◽

C Wilkins ◽

AD Berke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Level ◽

Thrombolytic Therapy ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽

Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽

Fibrinopeptide A ◽

Drug Infusion ◽

Thrombin Activity ◽

Heparin Administration ◽

Tissue Plasminogen

Abstract We have determined the plasma level of fibrinopeptide A as a specific index of thrombin activity during the infusion of a thrombolytic agent in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Peripheral venous plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A increased following the initiation of thrombolytic therapy from 2.7 nmol/L to a peak of 13.0 nmol/L at 30 minutes with streptokinase and from 1.1 nmol/L to a peak of 10.7 nmol/L at 90 minutes with tissue plasminogen activator. The amount of fibrinogen converted to fibrin I was determined by integration of the plasma level of fibrinopeptide A over time. The amount of fibrin I formed over the five-hour period from the start of drug infusion was approximately 10 mg/dL in response to either streptokinase or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. We conclude that activation of coagulation occurs in response to thrombolytic therapy despite heparin administration. This thrombin action, though transient, would be sufficient to cause rethrombosis if localized and incompletely opposed by fibrinolytic activity.

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The Dead Leukocyte Content of the Blood in Normal and Leukemic Patients

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v12.4.367.367 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 367-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

NICHOLAS L. PETRAKIS ◽

ESTELLE LIEBERMAN ◽

JEAN FULLERTON

Keyword(s):

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Acute Leukemia ◽

Normal Values ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Mechanical Trauma ◽

Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Smears ◽

The Dead ◽

Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract The dead leukocyte content of the blood of normal and leukemic subjects was determined by the technic of the unstained-cell counts of Schrek. A small and constant number of dead leukocytes was found in the normal blood, averaging 46 per cu. mm. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute leukemia, higher numbers of dead leukocytes were commonly found, ranging from normal values to as high as 4,600 per cu. mm. No correlation was found between the numbers of smudge forms on blood smears from these patients and the number of dead leukocytes. The smudge forms on blood smears appear to result from the mechanical trauma produced in making the smears. The leukocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute leukemia appear to be much more susceptible to the mechanical forces produced in the preparation of blood smears than are leukocytes from normals and patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia.

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Proliferative state of blast cell progenitors in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v52.3.592.592 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 592-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

MD Minden ◽

JE Till ◽

EA McCulloch

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocyte ◽

High Frequency ◽

Proliferative Activity ◽

Normal Individual ◽

S Phase ◽

Blast Cell ◽

Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Blast Cells ◽

Small Subpopulation

Abstract Peripheral blood from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) contains cells capable of giving rise to colonies in culture when stimulated by media conditioned by leukocytes (LCM) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Two types of colonies are recognized with high frequency: The first grows in the presence of low concentrations of PHA LCM, have a blast-like morphology, and are numerically correlated with morphologically identified blast cells. The second requires either high PHA LCM concentrations or PHA alone with or without 2-mercaptoethanol and consists of cells capable of forming rossettes with sheep erythrocytes and resembles. T-lymphocyte colonies from normal blood. Precursors of blast cell colonies from 15 leukemic patients were tested for cycle state, using either the 3H-thymidine or hydroxyurea techniques. All were found to have a high proportion of cells in the S phase of the cycle. In contrast, T lymphocyte precursors from three normal individual were quiescent. The data are consistent with the maintenance of the leukemic blast cell populations by the proliferative activity of a small subpopulation of blasts.

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Comparison of polymethoxyethylacrylate-coated circuits with leukocyte filtration and reduced heparinization protocol on heparin-bonded circuits in different risk cohorts

Perfusion ◽

10.1177/0267659106070507 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 329-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Serdar Gunaydin ◽

Kevin McCusker ◽

Venkataramana Vijay ◽

Selim Isbir ◽

Tamer Sari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

High Risk ◽

Control Cell ◽

Postoperative Bleeding ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Heparin Administration ◽

Control Serum ◽

Group 2 ◽

Filter Mesh ◽

Group 1

Objectives: The relative benefits of strategic leukofiltration on polymer-coated and low-dose heparin protocol on heparin-coated circuits were studied across EuroSCORE patient risk strata for three different cohorts. Methods: In a prospective, randomized study, 270 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were allocated into three groups (n = 90): Group 1 -polymethoxyethylacrylate-coated circuits+leukocyte filters; Group 2 -polypeptide-based heparin-bonded circuits with reduced heparinization; and Group 3 -Control: uncoated circuits. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 30), with respect to low- (EuroSCORE 0-2), medium- (3-5), and high- (6+) risk patients. Blood samples were collected at T1: following induction of anesthesia; T2: following heparin administration; T3: 15 min after CPB; T4: before cessation of CPB; T5: 15 min after protamine reversal; and T6: ICU. Results: In high-risk cohorts, leukocyte counts demonstrated significant differences at T4 and T5 in Group 1, and at T4 in Group 2. Platelet counts were preserved significantly better at T4 and T5 in both groups (p <0.05 versus control). Serum IL-2 and C3a levels were significantly lower at T3, T4 and T5 in Group 1, and T4 and T5 in Group 2 (p <0.05). Postoperative bleeding, respiratory support time and incidence of atrial fibrillation were lower in the study groups versus control. Cell counts on filter mesh and heparin-coated fibers/circuits were significantly higher in the high-risk cohorts versus uncoated fibers. Phagocytic capacity increased on filter mesh, especially in high-risk specimens. SEM evaluation demonstrated better preserved coated circuits. Conclusion: Leukofiltration and coating reduced platelet adhesion, protein adsorption, atrial fibrillation and reduced heparinization acted via modulation of systemic inflammatory response in high-risk groups.

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Plasma P-selectin is increased in thrombotic consumptive platelet disorders

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v83.6.1535.1535 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 1535-1541 ◽

Cited By ~ 170

Author(s):

BH Chong ◽

B Murray ◽

MC Berndt ◽

LC Dunlop ◽

T Brighton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Activation ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽

Reducing Conditions ◽

Heparin Administration ◽

Uremic Syndrome

Abstract P-selectin is a 140-kD protein found in the alpha-granules of platelets and the Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells that on cell activation is expressed on the cell surface and also secreted into the plasma. The secreted form of P-selectin, like plasma P-selectin, differed from platelet membrane P-selectin in that its molecular mass was approximately 3 kD lower under reducing conditions. Both the secreted and plasma forms of P-selectin contained cytoplasmic sequence as determined by Western blot analysis with an affinity-purified rabbit anti-P-selectin cytoplasmic peptide antibody. We have measured plasma P- selectin and beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) concurrently in (1) patients with consumptive thrombotic disorders, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)/haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); (2) patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP); and (3) healthy controls. Patients with DIC, HIT, and TTP/HUS, but not ITP, had significantly elevated plasma P-selectin and beta TG levels when compared with their age-matched healthy controls. The increased plasma P-selectin and beta TG in patients with thrombotic disorders were likely to be the result of in vivo platelet and endothelial cell damage or activation. We also found that avoidance of veno-occlusion and other tedious measures customarily taken during blood collection and sample preparation to prevent in vitro platelet activation did not affect plasma P-selectin assay results. In addition, plasma P-selectin levels were not influenced by the presence of renal failure or heparin administration. These results indicate that plasma P- selectin may be a useful new marker for thrombotic diseases.

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