The Role of Problem Representation in Producing Near-Optimal TSP Tours

Abstract.This paper presents a personal approach on how the supervision of a Degree Disseration could be carried out, focusing on the problem from the point of view of the student. The execution of the Degree Dissertation is a personal challenge that can be considered as a problem to be solved by the student and it can offer different solutions. The role of the professor of university as tutor, following the phases of the IDEAL method of Bransford and Barry Stein (1984): Identification of the problem, Definition and problem representation, Exploration of the different and possible strategies, Intervention based on a strategy, Achievements and assessment of the impact, can help students to develop metacognitive skills (thinking and personal motivations skills), strengthening planning, self-regulation, autonomy and self-efficiency in performing the Degree Dissertation.Key Words: Degree Dissertation, professor of university as tutor, student, problems solution, skills development.Resumen.Este trabajo presenta un planteamiento personal de cómo podría llevarse a cabo la tutela de un Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) enfocando el problema desde el punto de vista del alumno. La realización del TFG es un reto personal que se puede plantear como un problema a resolver por el estudiante pudiendo derivar en soluciones diversas. El papel del tutor, siguiendo las fases del método IDEAL de Bransford y Barry Stein (1984): Identificación del problema, Definición y representación del problema, Exploración de diferentes y posibles estrategias, Actuación fundada en una estrategia, Logros y evaluación de efectos, puede ayudar al alumnado en el desarrollo de competencias metacognitivas, de pensamiento y de motivación, potenciando la planificación, la autorregulación, la autonomía y la autoeficacia en la realización del Trabajo Fin de Grado.Palabras Clave: TFG, tutor, alumno, solución de problemas, desarrollo de competencias.

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Clinical Reasoning, Part 1: The Nature of Problem Solving, a Literature Review

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/030802269605900407 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 178-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Linda J Robertson

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Literature Review ◽

Clinical Reasoning ◽

Problem Representation ◽

Student Education ◽

The Difference

The information-processing literature has been reviewed to identify the component parts of problem solving. The difference between the problem representation and the subsequent solving process is highlighted, as is the role of memory within problem solving. The techniques for searching data and novice/expert differences are outlined. Finally, a model of problem solving in occupational therapy is proposed. The implications of this model for student education will be discussed in part 2 of this article.

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The Role of Problem Representation Shifts in Auditor Decision Processes in Analytical Procedures

Auditing A Journal of Practice & Theory ◽

10.2308/aud.1999.18.1.18 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 18-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

James L. Bierstaker ◽

Jean C. Bedard ◽

Stanley F. Biggs

Keyword(s):

Mental Image ◽

Decision Processes ◽

Problem Representation ◽

Financial Statement ◽

Verbal Protocols ◽

Effective Decision ◽

Correct Representation ◽

Analytical Procedures ◽

Problem Representations

In audit analytical procedures, research has shown that auditors have difficulty proposing possible explanations for financial statement discrepancies (Bedard and Biggs 1991a). One source of this difficulty is that auditors may represent analytical procedures problems incorrectly; that is, their mental image of the problem does not contain the underlying cause of the discrepancies. Because shifting initial representations of problems is difficult, auditor decision processes are affected. The purpose of this study is to investigate how problem representation shifts can lead auditors to better insight into possible explanations of discrepancies, and thus improve auditor decision processes in analytical procedures. To accomplish this purpose, verbal protocol data from Bedard and Biggs (1991a) were used to develop a series of problem representations and prompts for the analytical procedures task used in that study. The prompts were given to activate relevant knowledge structures in memory and encourage successive shifts toward the correct representation. Think-aloud verbal protocols were collected from 12 senior auditors with three to five years' experience to provide evidence of problem representation shifts and decision processes. The results indicate that: (1) all subjects initially formulated an unproductive problem representation; (2) only one subject shifted to a productive problem representation and solved the case without prompts; and (3) even with prompts two subjects were unable to solve the case. These findings suggest that shifting to a productive problem representation was critical in achieving effective decision processes and identifying the seeded error in this analytical procedures task. Auditors who developed a thorough understanding of the financial relationships in the case prior to proposing potential solutions were better able to shift problem representations and solve the case. In addition, two processes related to an explanation inherited from client management, “wheel spinning” and truncated hypothesis generation, inhibited problem representation shifts.

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Social Determinants of Indigenous Health and Indigenous Rights in Policy: A Scoping Review and Analysis of Problem Representation

International Indigenous Policy Journal ◽

10.18584/iipj.2019.10.2.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Emma George ◽

Tamara Mackean ◽

Fran Baum ◽

Matt Fisher

Keyword(s):

Policy Implementation ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Indigenous Health ◽

Indigenous Rights ◽

Problem Representation ◽

Role Of Government ◽

The Impact

Despite evidence showing the importance of social determinants of Indigenous health and Indigenous rights for health and equity, they are not always recognised within policy. This scoping review identified research on public policy and Indigenous health through a systematic search. Key themes identified included the impact of ongoing colonisation; the central role of government in realising rights; and the difficulties associated with the provision of mainstream services for Indigenous Peoples, including tokenism towards Indigenous issues and the legacy of past policies of assimilation. Our approach to problem representation was guided by Bacchi (2009). Findings from the review show social determinants of Indigenous health and Indigenous rights may be acknowledged in policy rhetoric, but they are not always a priority for action within policy implementation.

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Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.195.12.1005 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 195 (12) ◽

pp. 1005-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. J. Fernbach

Keyword(s):

Wilms Tumor

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