scholarly journals Characteristics of Group B Streptococcus Isolated from Infants with Invasive Infections: A Population-Based Study in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chang ◽  
Akihito Wada ◽  
Mitsuaki Hosoya ◽  
Tomohiro Oishi ◽  
Naruhiko Ishiwada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Burden of Adults Hospitalized With Group B Streptococcal Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M McLaughlin ◽  
Paula Peyrani ◽  
Stephen Furmanek ◽  
Farid L Khan ◽  
Angela Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Sterile Site ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background The burden of noninvasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections in adults is unknown. We determined population-based rates of hospitalization where invasive or noninvasive GBS infections were identified among US adults in a defined catchment area. Methods We identified adults with clinical and laboratory-confirmed evidence of GBS infection from January 2014 through December 2016 from 6 hospitals in Louisville, Kentucky. Invasive disease was defined as GBS isolated from a normally sterile site. Results Among 1076 adults with GBS infection, the median age was 52 years, 51% were male, and 89% had ≥1 chronic medical condition. The most prevalent infection sites were skin and soft tissue (39%), urinary tract (23%), bone and joint (16%), and bloodstream (11%). Forty percent of infections were polymicrobial. The annual incidence of GBS-associated hospitalization was 73 per 100 000 adults and 68 and 100 per 100 000 for patients aged 18–64 and ≥ 65 years, respectively. For every invasive GBS infection, 3.7 noninvasive infections occurred. Conclusions Our population-based study outlines the full burden of GBS-associated hospitalization in adults and found incidence rates comparable to those of pneumococcal disease, where vaccines are recommended. Noninvasive disease was 3–4 times more common than invasive disease, suggesting that the GBS burden among adults is considerably greater than previously recognized.

scholarly journals Trends in molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of group B streptococci: a multicenter study in Serbia, 2015–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Kekic ◽  
Ina Gajic ◽  
Natasa Opavski ◽  
Milan Kojic ◽  
Goran Vukotic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Serbia has not fully implemented preventive measures against GBS neonatal diseases. Therefore, we aimed to assess the maternal GBS colonisation and invasive neonatal disease rate, to reveal the trends of antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of GBS from various patient groups. Randomly selected non-invasive (n = 991) and all invasive GBS (n = 80) collected throughout Serbia from 2015 to 2020 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, capsular typing, and hvgA detection. Overall, 877/5621 (15.6%) pregnant women were colonised with GBS. Invasive GBS infections incidence in infants (0.18/1000 live births) showed a decreasing trend (0.3 to 0.1/1000 live births). Type III was overrepresented in infants with invasive infections (n = 35, 58.3%), whereas type V predominated among colonised adults (n = 224, 25.5%) and those with noninvasive (n = 37, 32.5%) and invasive infections (n = 8, 40%). The hypervirulent clone III/ST17 was highly associated with invasive infections (n = 28, 35%), particularly late-onset disease (n = 9, 47.4%), showing an increase from 12.3 to 14.8%. The GBS resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was 26.7% and 22.1%, respectively, with an upward trend. The emergence of the hypervirulent clone III/ST17 and the escalation in GBS resistance highlight an urgent need for continuous monitoring of GBS infections.

scholarly journals Invasive Group B Streptococcal Infections in Finland: A Population-based Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Lyytikäinen ◽  
J. Pekka Nuorti ◽  
Erja Halmesmäki ◽  
Petteri Carlson ◽  
Jukka Uotila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Group B

Group B streptococcus infections of soft tissue and bone in California adults, 1995–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3343-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. SMITH ◽  
M. A. KHAN ◽  
A. REINGOLD ◽  
J. P. WATT
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Sterile Site ◽  
Group B

SUMMARYGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is an increasing cause of disease in adults. We present long-term trends in incidence of overall infections and identify characteristics of patients with GBS cellulitis, bone and joint infections. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted from 1995–2012 in three California counties and the data were analysed retrospectively. All cases had isolation of GBS from a normally sterile site. Cases of cellulitis were classified based on clinical diagnosis. GBS bone or joint infection was defined as isolation of GBS from a bone or joint or a diagnosis of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Medical charts were reviewed for demographic and clinical information. There were 3917 cases of GBS; the incidence of disease increased from 5·8 to 8·3 cases/100 000 persons (P < 0·001) from 1995 to 2012. In adults aged ⩾40 years, the overall incidence of GBS increased from 8·5 to 14·2 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001) persons during the study period. The incidence of cellulitis increased from 1·6 to 3·8 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001), bone infection increased from 0·7 to 2·6 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001), and the incidence of joint infection remained approximately constant at an average rate of 1·0 case/100 000. The highest incidence rates were observed in men, persons aged ⩾80 years, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. Diabetes was the most common underlying condition (51·2% cellulitis cases, 76·3% bone infections, 29·8% joint infections).

scholarly journals Protein rib: a novel group B streptococcal cell surface protein that confers protective immunity and is expressed by most strains causing invasive infections.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 1593-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Stålhammar-Carlemalm ◽  
L Stenberg ◽  
G Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cell Surface Protein ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

The group B Streptococcus, an important cause of invasive infections in the neonate, is classified into four major serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, and III) based on the structure of the polysaccharide capsule. Since the capsule is a known virulence factor, it has been extensively studied, in particular in type III strains, which cause the majority of invasive infections. Two cell surface proteins, alpha and beta, have also been studied in detail since they confer protective immunity, but these proteins are usually not expressed by type III strains. We describe here a cell surface protein, designated protein Rib (resistance to proteases, immunity, group B), that confers protective immunity and is expressed by most strains of type III. Protein Rib was first identified as a distinct 95-kD protein in extracts of a type III strain, and was purified to homogeneity from that strain. Rabbit antiserum to protein Rib was used to demonstrate that it is expressed on the cell surface of 31 out of 33 type III strains, but only on 1 out of 25 strains representing the other three serotypes. Mouse protection tests showed that antiserum to protein Rib protects against lethal infection with three different strains expressing this antigen, including a strain representing a recently identified high virulence type III clone. Protein Rib is immunologically unrelated to the alpha and beta proteins, but shares several features with the alpha protein. Most importantly, the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the Rib and alpha proteins are identical at 6 out of 12 positions. In addition, both protein Rib and the alpha protein are relatively resistant to trypsin (and Rib is also resistant to pepsin) and both proteins vary greatly in size between different clinical isolates. Finally, both protein Rib and the alpha protein exhibit a regular ladderlike pattern in immunoblotting experiments, which may reflect a repetitive structure. Taken together, these data suggest that the Rib and alpha proteins are members of a family of proteins with related structure and function. Since protein Rib confers protective immunity, it may be valuable for the development of a protein vaccine against the group B Streptococcus, an encapsulated bacterium.

scholarly journals Population-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis in the Dominican Republic: implications for control by vaccination

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GOMEZ ◽  
M. PEGUERO ◽  
J. SANCHEZ ◽  
P. L. CASTELLANOS ◽  
J. FERIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Group B ◽  
Health Organization

Quantifying the local burden of disease is an important step towards the introduction of new vaccines, such as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. We adapted a generic protocol developed by the World Health Organization for population-based surveillance of bacterial meningitis. All hospitals that admit paediatric patients with meningitis in the National District, Dominican Republic were included in the system and standard laboratory methods were used. The system identified 111 cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis. Hib was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, followed by group B streptococcus, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitidis. Unlike hospital-based case series, this population-based system was able to calculate incidence rates. The incidence of Hib meningitis was 13 cases per 100 000 children < 5 years old. The data from this study were used by the Ministry of Health to support the introduction of routine Hib vaccination and will be used to monitor its effectiveness.

scholarly journals An empirical Bayes method for serotype case-carrier ratios, with an application to Group B streptococcus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Lewnard ◽  
Lauren A. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTBackgroundCase-carrier ratios quantifying the relative pathogenicity of serotypes can inform vaccine formulations for antigenically-diverse pathogens. However, sparse serotype-specific counts in epidemiologic datasets may undermine such analyses, most notably for rare serotypes that pose emergence risks in vaccinated populations. This challenge is well-illustrated in Group B streptococcus (GBS), where serotype III dominates in both carriage and disease.MethodsWe develop an empirical Bayes random-effects model based on conjugate Dirichlet-multinomial distributions of serotype frequencies in carriage and disease states. We validate the model using simulated datasets, and apply it to data from 15 paired sets of GBS isolates from intrapartum rectovaginal colonization (n=3403) and neonatal invasive disease (NID; n=1088), 16 from blood (n=2352) and cerebrospinal fluid (n=780) neonatal specimens, and 3 from fatal (n=173) and non-fatal (n=1684) neonatal invasive infections.ResultsOur method accurately recovers parameters in simulated datasets. Using this approach, we confirm that GBS serotype III exhibits the greatest invasiveness, followed by serotype Ia with a 75.3% (95%CrI: 43.7-93.8%) lower estimate. Enhanced invasiveness of serotypes III and Ia is most evident in late-onset disease. Non–hexavalent-vaccine serotypes, which are rare in carriage and disease, generally show lower invasiveness; serotype IX/non-typeable GBS, the most prevalent cause of non–vaccine-preventable disease, is 98.7% (81.7-99.9%) and 94.2% (13.9-99.6%) less invasive than serotypes III and Ia, respectively.ConclusionsWe present a strategy for measuring associations of serotype with carrier and disease states in the presence of sparse counts, avoiding biases that exist in common ad-hoc approaches.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characterization of Group B Streptococcus Infections in Alberta, Canada: An Update from 2014 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ma ◽  
L. Alexa Thompson ◽  
Thomas Corsiatto ◽  
Donna Hurteau ◽  
Gregory J. Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

This work describes the epidemiology of invasive infections caused by the bacterium group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Alberta, Canada. We show that rates of invasive GBS disease have increased from 2014 to 2020 for both adult disease and late-onset disease in neonates, whereas the rate of early onset disease in neonates has decreased. We also show that the rate of resistance to erythromycin (an antibiotic used to treat GBS) has also increased in this time.

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