Intrapartum antibiotics and neonatal invasive infections caused by organisms other than group B streptococcus

2003 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anushua Sinha ◽  
Deborah Yokoe ◽  
Richard Platt
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Trends in molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of group B streptococci: a multicenter study in Serbia, 2015–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Kekic ◽  
Ina Gajic ◽  
Natasa Opavski ◽  
Milan Kojic ◽  
Goran Vukotic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Serbia has not fully implemented preventive measures against GBS neonatal diseases. Therefore, we aimed to assess the maternal GBS colonisation and invasive neonatal disease rate, to reveal the trends of antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of GBS from various patient groups. Randomly selected non-invasive (n = 991) and all invasive GBS (n = 80) collected throughout Serbia from 2015 to 2020 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, capsular typing, and hvgA detection. Overall, 877/5621 (15.6%) pregnant women were colonised with GBS. Invasive GBS infections incidence in infants (0.18/1000 live births) showed a decreasing trend (0.3 to 0.1/1000 live births). Type III was overrepresented in infants with invasive infections (n = 35, 58.3%), whereas type V predominated among colonised adults (n = 224, 25.5%) and those with noninvasive (n = 37, 32.5%) and invasive infections (n = 8, 40%). The hypervirulent clone III/ST17 was highly associated with invasive infections (n = 28, 35%), particularly late-onset disease (n = 9, 47.4%), showing an increase from 12.3 to 14.8%. The GBS resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was 26.7% and 22.1%, respectively, with an upward trend. The emergence of the hypervirulent clone III/ST17 and the escalation in GBS resistance highlight an urgent need for continuous monitoring of GBS infections.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Group B Streptococcus Isolated from Infants with Invasive Infections: A Population-Based Study in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chang ◽  
Akihito Wada ◽  
Mitsuaki Hosoya ◽  
Tomohiro Oishi ◽  
Naruhiko Ishiwada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Protein rib: a novel group B streptococcal cell surface protein that confers protective immunity and is expressed by most strains causing invasive infections.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 1593-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Stålhammar-Carlemalm ◽  
L Stenberg ◽  
G Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cell Surface Protein ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

The group B Streptococcus, an important cause of invasive infections in the neonate, is classified into four major serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, and III) based on the structure of the polysaccharide capsule. Since the capsule is a known virulence factor, it has been extensively studied, in particular in type III strains, which cause the majority of invasive infections. Two cell surface proteins, alpha and beta, have also been studied in detail since they confer protective immunity, but these proteins are usually not expressed by type III strains. We describe here a cell surface protein, designated protein Rib (resistance to proteases, immunity, group B), that confers protective immunity and is expressed by most strains of type III. Protein Rib was first identified as a distinct 95-kD protein in extracts of a type III strain, and was purified to homogeneity from that strain. Rabbit antiserum to protein Rib was used to demonstrate that it is expressed on the cell surface of 31 out of 33 type III strains, but only on 1 out of 25 strains representing the other three serotypes. Mouse protection tests showed that antiserum to protein Rib protects against lethal infection with three different strains expressing this antigen, including a strain representing a recently identified high virulence type III clone. Protein Rib is immunologically unrelated to the alpha and beta proteins, but shares several features with the alpha protein. Most importantly, the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the Rib and alpha proteins are identical at 6 out of 12 positions. In addition, both protein Rib and the alpha protein are relatively resistant to trypsin (and Rib is also resistant to pepsin) and both proteins vary greatly in size between different clinical isolates. Finally, both protein Rib and the alpha protein exhibit a regular ladderlike pattern in immunoblotting experiments, which may reflect a repetitive structure. Taken together, these data suggest that the Rib and alpha proteins are members of a family of proteins with related structure and function. Since protein Rib confers protective immunity, it may be valuable for the development of a protein vaccine against the group B Streptococcus, an encapsulated bacterium.

scholarly journals An empirical Bayes method for serotype case-carrier ratios, with an application to Group B streptococcus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Lewnard ◽  
Lauren A. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTBackgroundCase-carrier ratios quantifying the relative pathogenicity of serotypes can inform vaccine formulations for antigenically-diverse pathogens. However, sparse serotype-specific counts in epidemiologic datasets may undermine such analyses, most notably for rare serotypes that pose emergence risks in vaccinated populations. This challenge is well-illustrated in Group B streptococcus (GBS), where serotype III dominates in both carriage and disease.MethodsWe develop an empirical Bayes random-effects model based on conjugate Dirichlet-multinomial distributions of serotype frequencies in carriage and disease states. We validate the model using simulated datasets, and apply it to data from 15 paired sets of GBS isolates from intrapartum rectovaginal colonization (n=3403) and neonatal invasive disease (NID; n=1088), 16 from blood (n=2352) and cerebrospinal fluid (n=780) neonatal specimens, and 3 from fatal (n=173) and non-fatal (n=1684) neonatal invasive infections.ResultsOur method accurately recovers parameters in simulated datasets. Using this approach, we confirm that GBS serotype III exhibits the greatest invasiveness, followed by serotype Ia with a 75.3% (95%CrI: 43.7-93.8%) lower estimate. Enhanced invasiveness of serotypes III and Ia is most evident in late-onset disease. Non–hexavalent-vaccine serotypes, which are rare in carriage and disease, generally show lower invasiveness; serotype IX/non-typeable GBS, the most prevalent cause of non–vaccine-preventable disease, is 98.7% (81.7-99.9%) and 94.2% (13.9-99.6%) less invasive than serotypes III and Ia, respectively.ConclusionsWe present a strategy for measuring associations of serotype with carrier and disease states in the presence of sparse counts, avoiding biases that exist in common ad-hoc approaches.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characterization of Group B Streptococcus Infections in Alberta, Canada: An Update from 2014 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ma ◽  
L. Alexa Thompson ◽  
Thomas Corsiatto ◽  
Donna Hurteau ◽  
Gregory J. Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

This work describes the epidemiology of invasive infections caused by the bacterium group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Alberta, Canada. We show that rates of invasive GBS disease have increased from 2014 to 2020 for both adult disease and late-onset disease in neonates, whereas the rate of early onset disease in neonates has decreased. We also show that the rate of resistance to erythromycin (an antibiotic used to treat GBS) has also increased in this time.

scholarly journals Group B streptococcus neonatal invasive infections, France 2007–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Joubrel ◽  
A. Tazi ◽  
A. Six ◽  
N. Dmytruk ◽  
G. Touak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals The antimicrobial activity of zinc against group B Streptococcus is strain-dependent across diverse sequence types, capsular serotypes, and invasive versus colonizing isolates

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamisha D. Francis ◽  
Miriam A. Guevara ◽  
Jacky Lu ◽  
Shabir A. Madhi ◽  
Gaurav Kwatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Zinc Toxicity ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Zinc Stress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an encapsulated gram-positive bacterial pathobiont that commonly colonizes the lower gastrointestinal tract and reproductive tract of human hosts. This bacterium can infect the gravid reproductive tract and cause invasive infections of pregnant patients and neonates. Upon colonizing the reproductive tract, the bacterial cell is presented with numerous nutritional challenges imposed by the host. One strategy employed by the host innate immune system is intoxication of bacterial invaders with certain transition metals such as zinc. Methodology Previous work has demonstrated that GBS must employ elegant strategies to circumnavigate zinc stress in order to survive in the vertebrate host. We assessed 30 strains of GBS from diverse isolation sources, capsular serotypes, and sequence types for susceptibility or resistance to zinc intoxication. Results Invasive strains, such as those isolated from early onset disease manifestations of GBS infection were significantly less susceptible to zinc toxicity than colonizing strains isolated from rectovaginal swabs of pregnant patients. Additionally, capsular type III (cpsIII) strains and the ST-17 and ST-19 strains exhibited the greatest resilience to zinc stress, whereas ST-1 and ST-12 strains as well as those possessing capsular type Ib (cpsIb) were more sensitive to zinc intoxication. Thus, this study demonstrates that the transition metal zinc possesses antimicrobial properties against a wide range of GBS strains, with isolation source, capsular serotype, and sequence type contributing to susceptibility or resistance to zinc stress.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Hypervirulent Group B Streptococcus in Neonatal Invasive Infections, France, 2007–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2721-2724
Author(s):  
Céline Plainvert ◽  
Constantin Hays ◽  
Gérald Touak ◽  
Caroline Joubrel-Guyot ◽  
Nicolas Dmytruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics of Group B Streptococci Isolated from Adults with Invasive Infections in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2695-2700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Morozumi ◽  
Takeaki Wajima ◽  
Misako Takata ◽  
Satoshi Iwata ◽  
Kimiko Ubukata
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Group B

Streptococcus agalactiae(group B streptococcus) isolates (n= 443) obtained from Japanese adults with invasive infections between April 2010 and March 2013 were analyzed for capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type (ST), antibiotic susceptibility, and resistance genes. Among these cases, bacteremia without primary focus was the most common variety of infection (49.9%), followed by cellulitis (12.9%) and pneumonia (9.0%). Concerning patient age (18 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, 80 to 89, and 90 years old or older), the incidence of pneumonia increased in patients in their 70s and 80s (P< 0.001), while younger patients (18 to 59 and 60 to 69 years old) were more likely to have abscesses (P< 0.05). The mortality rate was 10.2% for all ages. The most common capsular serotype was Ib (39.5%), followed by V (16.0%), III (13.8%), VI (9.5%), and Ia (8.6%). The main ST of serotype Ib strains was ST10, which belonged to clonal complex 10 (88.0%). The predominant clonal complexes of serotypes V and III, respectively, were 1 (78.9%) and 19 (75.4%). Among these isolates, 9 strains (2.0%) were identified as group B streptococci with reduced penicillin susceptibility, reflecting amino acid substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 2X (PBP2X). In addition, 19.2% of all strains possessedmef(A/E),erm(A), orerm(B) genes, which mediate macrolide resistance, while 40.2% of strains were resistant to quinolones resulting from amino acid substitutions in GyrA and ParC. Our data argue strongly for the continuous surveillance of microbial characteristics and judicious antibiotic use in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Virulence-genes Rib and Bca in Serotypes of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Isolated from Symptomatic Pregnant Women in East Coast Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Bahez ◽  
Mohammed Imad Al-Deen Mustafa Mahmud ◽  
Hairul Aini Hamzah ◽  
Hanan Hamimi Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

INTRODUCTION: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of maternally-acquired invasive infections in neonates. Nowadays maternal immunization is of utmost demand for prevention of these infections. We undertook capsular serotyping and virulence factor genes identification for local GBS isolates as a pilot study, to identify potential candidates to propagate vaccine development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive lab -based study to determine GBS serotypes and presence of genes coding virulence factors bca and rib in isolates obtained from symptomatic pregnant women in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Sixty-two GBS isolates from high vaginal swabs were collected. Latex agglutination test was performed to determine GBS serotypes. Real-time PCR was done to determine the presence of virulence genes. RESULTS: Of the 62 GBS isolates, 77.4% were serologically typeable, and 22.6% were non -typeable. Serotypes Ia and Ib (16.1% each) were the most common capsular types, followed by II, V, and VII (9.7% each), III (8.1%), VI (6.5%), and VIII (1.6 %). Furthermore, 67.7% of the isolates harboured the rib gene while 98.4% possessed the bca gene. CONCLUSION: The five known prevalent serotypes worldwide, do not match the CPS distribution in symptomatic pregnant women in Kuantan. However, the frequency of virulence genes rib and bca is high among our isolates, which if confirmed by further bigger and wider studies makes the proteinaceous vaccine, N-terminal domains of Rib and AlpC a suitable candidate for GBS prevention in this geographical area.

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