scholarly journals Burden of Adults Hospitalized With Group B Streptococcal Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M McLaughlin ◽  
Paula Peyrani ◽  
Stephen Furmanek ◽  
Farid L Khan ◽  
Angela Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Sterile Site ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background The burden of noninvasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections in adults is unknown. We determined population-based rates of hospitalization where invasive or noninvasive GBS infections were identified among US adults in a defined catchment area. Methods We identified adults with clinical and laboratory-confirmed evidence of GBS infection from January 2014 through December 2016 from 6 hospitals in Louisville, Kentucky. Invasive disease was defined as GBS isolated from a normally sterile site. Results Among 1076 adults with GBS infection, the median age was 52 years, 51% were male, and 89% had ≥1 chronic medical condition. The most prevalent infection sites were skin and soft tissue (39%), urinary tract (23%), bone and joint (16%), and bloodstream (11%). Forty percent of infections were polymicrobial. The annual incidence of GBS-associated hospitalization was 73 per 100 000 adults and 68 and 100 per 100 000 for patients aged 18–64 and ≥ 65 years, respectively. For every invasive GBS infection, 3.7 noninvasive infections occurred. Conclusions Our population-based study outlines the full burden of GBS-associated hospitalization in adults and found incidence rates comparable to those of pneumococcal disease, where vaccines are recommended. Noninvasive disease was 3–4 times more common than invasive disease, suggesting that the GBS burden among adults is considerably greater than previously recognized.

Group B streptococcus infections of soft tissue and bone in California adults, 1995–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3343-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. SMITH ◽  
M. A. KHAN ◽  
A. REINGOLD ◽  
J. P. WATT
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Sterile Site ◽  
Group B

SUMMARYGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is an increasing cause of disease in adults. We present long-term trends in incidence of overall infections and identify characteristics of patients with GBS cellulitis, bone and joint infections. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted from 1995–2012 in three California counties and the data were analysed retrospectively. All cases had isolation of GBS from a normally sterile site. Cases of cellulitis were classified based on clinical diagnosis. GBS bone or joint infection was defined as isolation of GBS from a bone or joint or a diagnosis of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Medical charts were reviewed for demographic and clinical information. There were 3917 cases of GBS; the incidence of disease increased from 5·8 to 8·3 cases/100 000 persons (P < 0·001) from 1995 to 2012. In adults aged ⩾40 years, the overall incidence of GBS increased from 8·5 to 14·2 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001) persons during the study period. The incidence of cellulitis increased from 1·6 to 3·8 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001), bone infection increased from 0·7 to 2·6 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001), and the incidence of joint infection remained approximately constant at an average rate of 1·0 case/100 000. The highest incidence rates were observed in men, persons aged ⩾80 years, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. Diabetes was the most common underlying condition (51·2% cellulitis cases, 76·3% bone infections, 29·8% joint infections).

scholarly journals Characteristics of Group B Streptococcus Isolated from Infants with Invasive Infections: A Population-Based Study in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chang ◽  
Akihito Wada ◽  
Mitsuaki Hosoya ◽  
Tomohiro Oishi ◽  
Naruhiko Ishiwada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Population-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis in the Dominican Republic: implications for control by vaccination

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GOMEZ ◽  
M. PEGUERO ◽  
J. SANCHEZ ◽  
P. L. CASTELLANOS ◽  
J. FERIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Group B ◽  
Health Organization

Quantifying the local burden of disease is an important step towards the introduction of new vaccines, such as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. We adapted a generic protocol developed by the World Health Organization for population-based surveillance of bacterial meningitis. All hospitals that admit paediatric patients with meningitis in the National District, Dominican Republic were included in the system and standard laboratory methods were used. The system identified 111 cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis. Hib was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, followed by group B streptococcus, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitidis. Unlike hospital-based case series, this population-based system was able to calculate incidence rates. The incidence of Hib meningitis was 13 cases per 100 000 children < 5 years old. The data from this study were used by the Ministry of Health to support the introduction of routine Hib vaccination and will be used to monitor its effectiveness.

A Population-Based Assessment of Invasive Disease Due to Group B Streptococcus in Nonpregnant Adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 328 (25) ◽  
pp. 1807-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M. Farley ◽  
Christopher Harvey ◽  
Tina Stull ◽  
J. David Smith ◽  
Anne Schuchat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Prevalence of nocturia among community-dwelling adults: a population-based study in Malaysia

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yin Yow ◽  
John Jeh Lung Tiong ◽  
Chun-Wai Mai ◽  
Esther van der Werf ◽  
Zulkifli Md Zainuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Nocturia is widely prevalent condition with detrimental effects on quality of life and general health. In Malaysia, there is a lack of up-to-date prevalence study on nocturia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nocturia and awareness pertaining to nocturia among Malaysian adults. Methods A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among Malaysian adults aged ≥ 18 years old. The data was collected by mixed mode self-administered questionnaire from May 2019 to September 2019. Nocturia was defined as one or more voids at night. Results There were a total of 4616 respondents with 74.5% of response rate. The overall prevalence of nocturia among Malaysian adults was found to be 57.3%. In multivariate analysis, respondents aged 31–40 (1.91 [1.52–2.40]) or > 60 years old (2.03 [1.48–2.71]), and those who presented with hypertension (2.84 [2.28–3.53]), diabetes mellitus (1.78 [1.42–2.25]), renal disease (3.58 [1.93–6.63]) or overactive bladder (1.61 [1.10–2.35]) were associated with higher prevalence of nocturia. A significantly lower disease prevalence (p < 0.05) was noted among those aged 41–50 (0.73 [0.59–0.91]), male (0.78 [0.69–0.88]) and Chinese (0.47 [0.30–0.74]) or Indian (0.34 [0.21–0.54]) ethnicities. A total of 37.3% of respondents with nocturia reported that they faced sleeping difficulty about half the time or more after waking up in the middle of night. Those who had ≥ 2 voids per night experienced significantly higher mean bother score than those who had 1 void per night (p < 0.001). Approximately half (56.7%) of all respondents were not aware that night time urination is a medical condition. Only 25.2% of respondents with nocturia had sought medical attention for their nocturia. Conclusions The prevalence of nocturia among Malaysian adults is high and strongly influenced by age, sex, race and comorbidities. However, the general awareness pertaining to nocturia being a health issue remains low among Malaysians. The findings also highlighted the impact of nocturia on sleep and the need for nocturia education to better address this disease.

Approach to the Febrile Patient with No Obvious Focus of Infection

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 305-315
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Long
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Group B

The summary in Table 1 could be used as a mental checklist for the pediatrician who examines a child with fever. Whether the pediatrician opts to "keep the rules" or appropriately decides to "break the rules," knowledge of the guidelines will help him to focus his approach and to adopt attitudes of caution in certain circumstances. The body of knowledge of infectious agents chemotherapeutic agents has burgeoned over the past 40 years; the rules have changed very little. Thus, the rules might also serve as standards against which "new discoveries" that dictate departure from an established mode of clinical practice would have to be weighed. The adage, "Name the bug before you choose a drug," is especially germaine to pediatrics. Potential pathogens or "bugs" continually change as the patient's age, exposure, and immunity change. The serious diseases they cause mandate that initial treatment be given with the best "drugs." The age-related causes of bacterial meningitis presented in Table 2 could serve as a primer for age-related causes of other invasive disease as well. For bone, joint, and soft tissue infection as well as for septicemia without a focus the age line for group B Streptococcus and H influenzae would be extended upward and S aureus would be added for all ages. Although the relative importance of each pathogen for each clinical entity might vary, therapeutic considerations would be appropriately served by a schema such as this. Unfortunately, the susceptibility of pathogens to antimicrobial agents will continue to change. Fortunately, new and potentially better therapeutic agents will continue to be discovered or invented. When new problems of antibiotic resistance emerge or when superior therapeutic modalities are proved, the pediatrician must be knowledgeable of such events and be prepared for change.

scholarly journals Invasive Group B Streptococcal Infections in Finland: A Population-based Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Lyytikäinen ◽  
J. Pekka Nuorti ◽  
Erja Halmesmäki ◽  
Petteri Carlson ◽  
Jukka Uotila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Fatal, Fulminant and Invasive Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Infection in a Preterm Infant: A Re-Emerging Cause of Neonatal Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Srabani Bharadwaj ◽  
Suresh Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Group B

Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) is a major cause of neonatal death and long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities among survivors. The common pathogens causing EOS are group B streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli. Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that can cause severe invasive disease and can be divided into either typeable or non-typeable strains. H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) is the most virulent and the major cause of bacterial meningitis in young children prior to routine immunization against Hib. Hib infection rates have dramatically reduced since then. However, a number of studies have reported an increasing incidence of non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) sepsis in neonates worldwide and concluded that pregnant women may have an increased risk to invasive NTHi disease with poor pregnancy outcomes. We present a case of fulminant neonatal sepsis caused by NTHi in an extremely preterm infant and discuss potential preventative measures to reduce its re-emergence.

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