scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS OF THE SKIN REACTION CAUSED BY A CYTOTOXIC IMMUNE SERUM IN COMPARISON WITH TUBERCULIN TEST IN GUINEA PIGS

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-246
Author(s):  
KOOMI KANAI ◽  
KEN YANAGISAWA
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Immune Serum

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus W. Jungeblut ◽  
Gladys Newnan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection ◽  
Toxic Skin ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Guinea pigs blocked by intravenous injection of either India ink or trypan blue succumbed with fatal shock after the intravenous injection of heterophile immune serum, although the time of death was somewhat delayed as compared with normal controls. 2. Local blockade of the skin of guinea pigs with trypan blue inhibited completely the development of the characteristic skin reaction following intracutaneous injection of Forssman serum within the blocked area. 3. Infiltration of the skin of guinea pigs with India ink afforded no protection against the full development of the toxic skin reaction.

scholarly journals A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS

1940 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smadel ◽  
M. J. Wall ◽  
R. D. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Precipitin Reaction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Protein Nature

The soluble antigen of lymphocytic choriomeningitis which is readily separable from the virus is a relatively stable substance and appears to be of a protein nature. A specific precipitin reaction can be demonstrated when immune serum is added to solutions of antigen which have been freed of certain serologically inactive substances. The complement-fixation and precipitation reactions which occur in the presence of immune serum and non-infectious extracts of splenic tissue obtained from guinea pigs moribund with lymphocytic choriomeningitis seem to be manifestations of union of the same soluble antigen and its antibody. On the other hand, the antisoluble substance antibodies and neutralizing substances appear to be different entities.

scholarly journals ETIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER

1920 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Definite Advantage ◽  
Fever Patient

The use ot a polyvalent immune serum ot nign potency in tne treatment of an experimental infection of guinea pigs with Leptospira icteroides was found to be of definite advantage in checking the progress of the infection. When administered during the period of incubation the serum was found capable of completely preventing the development of the disease, although on subsequent examination hemorrhagic lesions of greater or less number and extent were found in the lungs of the guinea pigs which survived. Moreover, the serum modified the course of the disease and when used in the early stages of infection prevented a fatal outcome. Employed at a later stage, however, when jaundice and nephritis had been present for several days and the animal was near collapse, the serum had no perceptible beneficial effect. This was, of course, to be expected in view of the incidence of various pathological phases of this disease—nephritis, hepatitis, and other toxic symptoms in succession. In man the clinical manifestations are more gradual and distinct than in the guinea pig, yet the yellow fever patient whose temperature is sub-normal, and who has reached the stage of hemorrhages from the gums, nose, stomach, and intestines, and of uremia and cholemia, would seem to have little or no chance of deriving benefit from the use of a specific immune serum. This latter assumption would probably hold irrespective of the relation which Leptospira icteroides proves to have to the etiology of yellow fever.

I. SKIN ALLERGENIC PROPERTIES OF UNSAPONIFIABLE HOST LIPID FRACTION (USF) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO TUBERCULIN SKIN REACTION IN GUINEA PIGS

Allergy ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
M. BLECHMANN ◽  
E. REVICI ◽  
P. COLANTUONO-BLECHMANN ◽  
I. BIER
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lipid Fraction

The participation of common and species-"specific" antigens of mycobacteria in the tuberculin skin reaction

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cutaneous Reaction ◽  
Tuberculin Reaction ◽  
Cross Absorption ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

Protoplasmic extracts isolated from four different species of mycobacteria contained common and species-specific antigens. Both the common and the specific antigens were involved in the elicitation of the tuberculin reaction in sensitized guinea pigs. The elimination of the common antigens from the extracts by means of cross absorption with heterologous mycobacterial antibodies led to preparations which, at the doses used in this study, elicited a cutaneous reaction in animals sensitized with the corresponding strains only. Moreover, the tuberculin activity of the common antigens was about the same in animals sensitized either with homologous or heterologous strains.

scholarly journals Diaskintest for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
A. Kh. Naymanov ◽  
A. M. Gulyukin ◽  
N. G. Tolstenko ◽  
E. P. Vangeli ◽  
V. M. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals

The objective of the study: to compare the diagnostic value of intracutaneous tests with tuberculin and diaskintest for detection of tuberculosis in cattle.Subjects and methods. In this study, PPD tuberculin for mammals was used, it was made from M. bovis strain AN-5, manufactured by BIOK, and Diaskintest (recombinant tuberculous allergen, solution forintracutaneous administration) manufactured by ZAO FF Lecco, series 030307.Laboratory animals (guinea pigs, rabbits, chickens) and farm animals (pigs and cattle) were used in the study.Results. It has been established on laboratory animals that diaskintest does not cause any adverse events. When assessing sows sensitized with M. avium, it was found that the intracutaneous administration of PPD tuberculin to mammals resulted in up to 8.5% of positive reactions, while diaskintest was negative in all of them. Among cattle sensitized to non-tuberculous mycobacteria, intracutaneous administration of tuberculin for mammals revealed up to 4.6% of positive reactions, and diaskintest – up to 0.6%. In the farm with the unfavorable TB situation where animals infected with M. bovis were previously detected, when examining 177 cows, tuberculin test was positive in 102 (57.6%) of them, and diaskintest in 88 (49.7%). Diaskintest can be used for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and sensitization by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in pigs and cattle.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN VITRO

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell A. Glasgow ◽  
Herbert R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Splenic Macrophages

Guinea pigs experimentally infected with mumps virus develop a delayed, hypersensitive skin reaction following the intradermal injection of heat-inactivated mumps virus. This in vivo hypersensitivity is accompanied by a state of cellular hypersensitivity which can be demonstrated in vitro by the addition of mumps viral antigen to cultures of splenic macrophages, following which they become less motile and undergo lysis. These observations support the hypothesis that the state of hypersensitivity which develops early in mumps virus infections may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

scholarly journals ETIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER

1922 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
Final Effect

Analysis of the records of instances in which non-immune persons contracted yellow fever notwithstanding vaccination shows that the onset of disease occurs soon after vaccination, the longest period being 13 days. Since the average incubation period in yellow fever is 6 days, it seems that infection must have taken place in some instances during the period while protection was developing. These instances led to a study of the possibility of immediate protection by means of the anti-icteroides serum. It had already been shown that the immune serum protects at once against experimental Leptospira icteroides infection, but it remained to determine how long the protection would last. Guinea pigs were given different quantities of the immune serum and subsequently injected, at various intervals, with a virulent strain of Leptospira icteroides. Complete protection enduring 5 days was obtained with as minute a quantity of serum as 0.002 cc. per 1,000 gm. of body weight. After 5 days, however, the immune substance rapidly diminished, and to keep the animal protected for as long as 10 days it was necessary to give 100 times as much, or 0.2 cc. For a man weighing 80 kilos, 0.16 cc. (0.002 x 80) would theoretically be sufficient to protect for at least 5 days, 1.6 cc. for 7 days, and 16 cc. for 10 days. This temporary protection may be a valuable antecedent to that furnished by vaccination, since the final effect of the latter cannot be expected until at least 9 to 10 days have passed.

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