THE COAST GUARD'S FORENSIC OIL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
James C. Clow
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Field System ◽  
Layer Chromatography

ABSTRACT The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA), as amended in 1972, tasks the Coast Guard with development of “procedures and techniques to be employed in identifying…. oil and hazardous substances….” In carrying out this portion of the service's environmental mandate, the Coast Guard Research and Development Center has developed first generation laboratory and field systems for the forensic identification and classification of oil spills. The laboratory system utilizes four independent analytical techniques (infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, gas and thin-layer chromatography) to match spill samples with suspected sources, while the field system utilizes two analytical techniques (fluorescence spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography). The field system is designed to give each Captain of the Port or Marine Safety Office the capability to rapidly identify the source of the majority of oil spills, or in more difficult cases to provide sufficient information to justify the collection of additional samples for more detailed analysis by the laboratory system.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDES BEHAVIOR IN SOIL IN INTENSIVE GRAIN FARMING TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2175-2180
Author(s):  
Anna V. Blagaia ◽  
Mykola V. Kondratiuk ◽  
Sergii T. Omelchuk ◽  
Ihor M. Pelo ◽  
Nataliia D. Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Pesticide Formulation ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The aim: Was the comparative hygienic evaluation of the pesticide behavior in the soil after application on cereals. Material and methods: Methods of full-scale in-field hygienic experiment, high-performance liquid (HPLC), gas-liquid (GLC), thin-layer chromatography, statistical, bibliography were used in the research. Results: Data on the detailed conditions and land parcels treated with studied pesticide formulation and its a.i. are highlighted in the article. The actual levels of the different classes a.i. content in soil and its dynamics were determined, based on which the dissipation rate constants (K) were calculated, as well as quantitative parameters of stability (τ50, τ95, τ99). Conclusions: Azoxystrobin, benzovindiflupyr, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, prochloraz, cyproconazole can be classified as of low hazardous substances, and trinexapac-ethyl, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, and tebuconazole are considered to be moderately hazardous. Among all pesticides studied, tebuconazole is the longest persists in the soil; epoxiconazole and propiconazole are most likely to disappear from the soil. Calculated values of half-lives of the studied substances in the agro-climatic conditions of Ukraine are slightly different from the results of in-field experiments that were conducted in other countries, namely: azoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, and cyproconazole disappear from the soil more quickly; the kresoxim-methyl and pinoxaden disappear more slowly. Meanwhile, the persistence of benzovindiflupyr, picoxystrobin, prochloraz, trinexapac-ethyl, and tebuconazole does not differ from the persistence in soils of European countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Glimepiride in Human Blood and Urine by Thin Layer Chromatography and UV Spectrophotometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Mareta Mukharbekovna Ibragimova ◽  
Latif Tulaganovich Ikramov
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: An increasing numbers of cases of poisonings by glimepiride, either attempted suicide or accidental, combined with the absence of reliable methods for the detection and quantitation of glimepiride in biological matrices is the basis for the need for the development of new analytical techniques for forensic analysis.Materials and Methods: Analyses were performed using drug- free biological fluids (whole blood and urine). Specimens were spiked with chromatographically pure glimepiride. After hydrolysis with diluted hydrochloric acid at 50-60 °C for 15-20 min and a double extraction into chloroform, glimepiride was identified by thin-layer chromatography. Standard solution of glimepiride (1 mg/mL) and Sorbfil chromatographic plates were used for thin-layer chromatography. The thin-layer chromatography studies showed that the best mobile phase was chloroform:acetone (9:1), Rf value of glimepiride in five examinations was 0.37±0.02. Visualization of glimepiride was achieved byspraying with Dragendorff’s, Bushard’s, or diphenylcarbazone-chloroform solution followed by mercuric sulphate. The limit of detection of pure glimepiride by thin-layer chromatography was 0.5 p/mL, 1.5 p g/mL in whole blood and 1.0 p g/mL in urine. For spectrophotometric determinations of glimepiride, a UV/VIS spectrophotometer with 1 cm matches quartz cell was used. Standard solutions of glimepiride in ethanol were prepared at concentrations of 1-50 p g/mL and scanned in full-scan mode between 200-400 nm.Results and Conclusion: The wavelength maxima for glimepiride was found to be 227 nm with molar absorptivity of 3.2685x10 4 l/mol/cm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-40 p g/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.97 p g/mL and 2.70 p g/mL, respectively. The results have been successfully applied in blood of patients after oral administration and on postmortem blood in an overdose death.Keywords: Glimepiride, Thin-layer chromatography, Spectrophotometry.

Metabolism of Coumarin and 4-Methylcoumarin by Rat-Liver Microsomes

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Gibbs ◽  
K. Janakidevi ◽  
G. Feuer
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The metabolism of coumarin and 4-methylcoumarin by rat-liver microsomes has been studied. The major metabolites of coumarin in vitro, viz. 3- and 7-hydroxycoumarin, o-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, were identified by thin-layer chromatography, and ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. Metabolites derived from 4-methylcoumarin in vitro have shown similar chromatographic and spectral characteristics as those of coumarin, suggesting that they are the methyl analogues of corresponding coumarin metabolites.

scholarly journals Analytical Techniques for Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and its Combinations: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhadresh V Savaj ◽  
Ashutoshkumar Patidar ◽  
Hasumati A Raj
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Hydrochlorothiazide is chemically 6-chloro-1, 1-dioxo-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 2, 4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic drug used for treatment of high blood pressure(hypertension) and accumulation of fluid (edema). It works by blocking salt and fluid reabsorption from the urine in the kidneys, causing increased urine output (dieresis). Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat excessive fluid accumulation and swelling (edema) of the body caused byheart failure, cirrhosis, chronickidney failure, corticosteroid medications, and nephrotic syndrome. It can be used alone or in conjunction with otherblood pressure lowering medicationstotreat high blood pressure.This review focuses on the recent developments in analytical techniques for estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combinations with other drugs in various biological media like human plasma and urine. This review will critically examine the (a) sample pretreatment method such as solid phase extraction (SPE), (b) separation methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), (c) other methods such as spectrophotometry, diffuse reflectance near infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical methods.

Thin-Layer Chromatography

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Bolliger ◽  
M. Brenner ◽  
H. Gänshirt ◽  
Helmut K. Mangold ◽  
H. Seiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Layer Chromatography
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