PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION SAFETY AND OIL SPILL REDUCTION

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Hazardous Materials Transportation ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Compliance Program ◽  
In Transit

ABSTRACT Although statistics indicate that about five percent of the nation's oil spill incidents are caused by pipeline breaks, these spills are of such a nature that they cause about 15 percent of the annual total accidental release. Because such spills contribute considerably to the total problem of oil spills, they are the subject of particular attention for the Materials Transportation Bureau (MTB), U.S. Department of Transportation. This agency discharges the department's safety responsibility over all types of liquid pipelines. Some 225,000 miles of these pipelines transport crude oil, petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, anhydrous ammonia, and comparable fluids. The MTB responsibility stems from several legislative acts, including pipeline safety requirements contained in the Transportation of Explosives Act and the Deepwater Port Act of 1974. The MTB also regulates important aspects of the safe transportation of hazardous materials, including many petroleum products, by highway and rail. These regulations and those applicable to liquid pipelines constitute a tangible, albeit indirect, program providing sanctions against a number of types of discharges. A comprehensive system of rules applicable to surface carriers and container manufacturers is under continuous review and enforced through both criminal and civil penalties. The problems of hazardous materials transportation by surface means have received renewed attention in recent months. As a result, the prospects are for improved containment of petroleum products in transit, resulting from a more vigorous and consistent compliance program and more extensive research and development of carrying equipment and handling techniques. How this improved compliance program will be achieved is addressed within the context of the recent reorganization of the Materials Transportation Bureau and the bureau's inclusion within the Research and Special Programs Administration of the Department of Transportation and of current legislative initiatives.

scholarly journals OIL SPILL INCIDENTS AND DISPERSANT APPLICATIONS IN KUWAIT

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Salah M. Al-Mazidi ◽  
Omar Samhan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT Since the discovery of oil in Kuwait, most oil-related activities have been located along the coastline 50 km south of Kuwait City. Other related industrial activities have been developed in this area apart from oil and petroleum products export in order to diversify the national sources of income. For these reasons, the potential for large oil spills in Kuwait's marine environment is highest along the south coast, where oil refineries and exporting facilities are located. An average of 219 barrels of oil were spilled annually between 1979 and 1985, and 2,100 gallons of dispersants were used in cleanup operations. The majority of incidents involved less than 5 barrels of oil and 500 gallons of dispersants. Incidents involving more than 100 barrels of oil and 5,000 gallons of dispersants were confined to the Sea Island and Mina Al-Ahmadi North and South Piers. This distribution undoubtedly affects the concentration of petroleum residues in various components of the marine environment, resulting in an increase in tar ball density along this coast, reaching a maximum at Ras Az-Zor, and significantly higher levels of vanadium and petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and oysters collected south of Mina Al-Ahmadi. The objective of this paper is to report on the number, volume, and frequency distribution of oil spill incidents in Kuwait and the usage of dispersants in cleanup operations. Vanadium and petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations also are described as is the sensitivity of the southern coastal environment to oil spills. Recommendations have been made on how to conduct cleanup operations for any future oil spill incidents along the southern shoreline of Kuwait.

scholarly journals Tropical Storm Agnes Pennsylvania's Torrey Canyon

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 569-577
Author(s):  
Robert Kaiser ◽  
Donald Jones ◽  
Howard Lamp'l
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Schuylkill River

ABSTRACT This paper presents the “Agnes Story” disaster as related to the largest inland oil spill experienced in the history of the U.S. and actions taken by EPA in coping with the problem. Contrasted to the massive oceanic spill of the TORREY CANYON, other major ship oil pollution disasters, the Santa Barbara and Gulf of Mexico offshore platform oil spills, the oil pollution resulting from the flooding produced by Tropical Storm Agnes required unprecedented actions by many governmental agencies. The inland rivers of the Middle Atlantic area experienced spills of petroleum products ranging from over 3,000,000 gallons of No. 2 fuel oil, gasoline and kerosene from storage tanks in Big Flats / Elmira, N.Y. (just north of the Pennsylvania border) to 6,000,000–8,000,000 gallons of black, highly metallic waste oil and sludge from an oil reclamation plant on the Schuylkill River. The aftermath of this gigantic inland oil spill was oil and gasoline soaked fields, oil coated trees, farm houses, homes, factories, an airport, and hundreds of stranded oil puddles, ponds and lagoons as the rivers receded to normal levels. The record setting flood stage along several miles of both the Schuylkill and Susquehanna Rivers and their tributaries was recorded vividly ashore on trees and buildings as if by a black grease pencil, drawing attention to the most widespread property damage suffered from the most devastating storm in recorded U.S. history. Cleanup of the spilled oil in the midst of other rescue and restorative actions by Federal, State and Municipal agencies was fraught with emergency response problems including: identification of major impact points, availability of resources for response actions, coordination of response actions, activation of cleanup contractors, meeting administrative requirements, and the structure for making command decisions. Along with these requirements were technical decisions to be made concerning methods of physical removal procedures, containment systems, chemical treating agents and, very importantly, protecting and restoring the environment. Major spill effects and significant cleanup operations, problems encountered, and lessons learned are presented so that future responses can be better and more efficiently dealt with in an inland oil spill disaster comparable to the “Agnes Oil Spill”.

Oil Water Separation By Centrifugal Force

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshita Awasthi ◽  
Akansha Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Drilling Rigs

An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually applied to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil. This paper deals with the problem of recovery of spilled crude oil. It has been observed that the separation efficiency is greater for high range of viscosity and oil water ratios. Separation efficiency data on tests of water versus diesel, crude oil, and IS0 460 gear oil will be presented for two sizes of separators. Oil spills can have disastrous consequences for society; both economically and environmentally. As a result of these consequences oil spill accidents can initiate intense media attention and political uproar. Despite substantial national and international policy improvements on preventing oil spills adopted in recent decades, large oil spills keep occurring.

AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLAN FOR THE HUMBER ESTUARY, UNITED KINGDOM

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Jane F. Appelbee
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Response Plan ◽  
Humber Estuary ◽  
Water Catchment

ABSTRACT The Humber is one of Britain's major estuaries, the water catchment area being some 20 percent of England, including a major proportion of British industrial activity. Despite this the Humber is not severely polluted, indeed large areas of the shoreline are designated sites of scientific interest while other areas are nature reserves. The extensive mudflats and salt marsh areas within the Humber estuary are of international importance for a number of bird species, particularly during the winter months. In addition there are areas of high amenity value. Two main oil terminals are operated within the estuary, the Tetney Monobuoy and the Immingham Oil Terminal. Both receive crude oil from tankers while the latter exports petroleum products. Both these sites are potential sources of oil spills, as was highlighted by the Sivand incident in September 1983. The paper identifies the sensitive areas of the Humber in terms of biological and amenity/commerical values, to produce an environmental contingency/oil spill response plan. The basis of the plan was to obtain samples for the assessment of sediment chemistry and biology if an incident occurred, prior to oil beaching, with a view to updating the present data base. The updated assessment can then be used to produce a detailed appraisal of any damage to the Humber environment. The paper includes an overview of the response plan structure.

OIL SPILL SORBENTS: TESTING PROTOCOL AND CERTIFICATION LISTING PROGRAM

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 549-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cooper ◽  
Ingvil Gausemel
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Environment Canada ◽  
Operating Characteristics

ABSTRACT Environment Canada's Emergencies Engineering Division is spearheading a program in conjunction with the Canadian General Standards Board that would see the development of a certification and listing program in addition to a national standard for the testing of sorbent materials. Funding for this program is provided by Environment Canada (EC), Canadian Coast Guard (CCG), Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS). The test methods are based upon those defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials and previous test methods developed by Environment Canada for our series of reports entitled Selection Criteria and Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill Sorbents. This series, which was started in 1975, encompasses a number of commercially available oil spill sorbents tested with different petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents. The testing program will categorize the sorbents according to their operating characteristics. The main categories are oil spills on water, oil spills on land, and industrial use. The characteristics we will be evaluating with the new test protocols include initial and maximum sorption capacities, water pickup, buoyancy, reuse potential, retention profile, disintegration (material integrity), and ease of application and retrieval. In the near future we plan to incorporate changes to the test that would involve increasing our list of test liquids to encompass spills in an industrial setting, in addition to testing sorbent booms and addressing the disposal problem.

Hazardous Materials Transportation on U.S. Railroads: Application of Risk Analysis Methods to Decision Making in Development of Regulations

2000 ◽  
Vol 1707 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phani K. Raj ◽  
Edward W. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Hazardous Materials Transportation ◽  
Personnel Safety ◽  
Railroad System ◽  
Regulatory Decisions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Analysis Protocol

The Office of Safety of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is responsible for ensuring public and personnel safety in U.S. railroad operations. This office ensures the safe rail transportation of hazardous materials by conducting inspections of railroad operations and equipment, including tank cars, and developing safety-related regulations. In the past few years, the Office of Safety has been using risk analysis as a tool in making rational regulatory decisions on hazardous materials transportation in tank cars. A risk analysis protocol developed by FRA is described to evaluate the risks to the U.S. population arising from the transportation of different types of chemicals in tank cars on the U.S. railroad system. Following several recommendations of the National Transportation Safety Board requiring the shipment of several hazardous chemicals in highly protected, pressure-rated tank cars rather than in the minimum packaging authorized by the Code of Federal Regulations, a risk-based evaluation was made on the effect of implementing these recommendations on the overall risk reduction. The risk results were presented in the parameters of Military Standard 882-B. Policy decisions were made based on the results.

scholarly journals On Knowledge-Based Forecasting Approach for Predicting the Effects of Oil Spills on the Ground

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
D. Kalibatiene ◽  
A. Burmakova ◽  
V. Smelov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
General Architecture ◽  
Different Levels

The oil industry carries enormous environmental risks and can cause consequences at different levels: water, air, soil, and, therefore, all living things on our planet. In this regard, forecasting the environmental consequences of oil spill accidents becomes relevant. Moreover, forecasting of oil spill accidents can be used to quickly assess the consequences of an accident that has already occurred, as well as to develop a plan of operational measures to eliminate possible accidents, facilities under construction, associated with the transportation, storage or processing of petroleum products. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to present a knowledge-based approach and its implementing system for forecasting the consequences of an accidental oil spills on the ground and groundwater. The novelty of the proposed approach is that it allows us to forecast the oil spill in a complex and systematic way. It consists of components for modelling geological environment (i.e., geological layers, oil spill form, the oil migration with groundwater), forecasting component for an oil spill and pollution mitigation component. Moreover, the forecasting component is based on experts’ knowledge on oil spill. In addition, the paper presents a general architecture for the implementation of the proposed knowledge-based approach and its implementation into a prototype named SoS-Ground.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document