REVIEW OF UNITED KINGDOM OIL SPILL RESPONSE TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Douglas Cormack
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Operational Aspects

ABSTRACT As a result of recent studies in the United Kingdom and elsewhere on the factors affecting oil spilled at sea, it has been possible to redefine the problems presented for oil spill response given the general nature of response techniques and their likely future development. This topic has benefited in the past two years from discussions in the Bonn Agreement Working Group on Technical Scientific and Operational Aspects of Oil Pollution. The influence of this problem definition on the choice of response equipment in the United Kingdom is discussed. The chosen equipment is described in relation to success in meeting identified requirements and likelihood of success in real operations. The status of the various approaches exemplified by individual equipment choices is presented and future developments anticipated.

THE BRAER: LEGAL ASPECTS OF A MAJOR OIL SPILL

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 721-728
Author(s):  
Måns Jacobsson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legal Problems

ABSTRACT The International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund (IOPC Fund), an intergovernmental organization with 58 member states, has recently been involved in a major oil spill of great interest both legally and technically, namely, the Braer incident, which occurred in January 1993 in the United Kingdom. The Braer was laden with approximately 84,000 metric tons (t) of crude oil when it grounded off the Shetland Islands. The ship broke up and the entire cargo escaped into the sea. The United Kingdom Government and Shetland Islands Council incurred expenses for cleanup operations, but these costs were fairly limited, estimated at not greater than US$6 million. The incident resulted in a very large number of claims from small businesses and individuals who suffered economic losses. A local claims office was set up on Shetland to handle these claims. So far, over 1,000 claims have been settled and paid for, representing a total of almost US$45 million. These claims cover losses suffered by fishermen, salmon farmers, crofters, and owners of houses that became polluted by wind-blown oil spray. Many of these claims have given rise to difficult legal problems regarding the admissibility of claims for compensation, in particular those concerning so-called pure economic losses. This paper addresses the practical problems that have arisen in handling the claims and analyzes some of the legal problems encountered.

UNITED KINGDOM IN-SITU BURN TRIALS, LOWESTOFT, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
James Thornborough
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Atmospheric Sampling

ABSTRACT On June 12, 1996, in a location 40 miles offshore of Lowestoft, an international audience gathered to watch Oil Spill Response Limited conduct the first controlled in-situ burn (ISB) in the United Kingdom. Two burns were completed using a response-prepared ISB system. The first burn involved fresh crude oil and was lit with a hand-held igniter using a standard gel mix. The second burn involved an emulsified crude and was lit using the Helitorch and an emulsion-breaking ignition mix. The trials were performed with the aim of determining operational practicalities under realistic conditions when responding to a weathered oil situation in an offshore location. Peripheral attention was paid to atmospheric sampling, except that air samples were collected aboard the main deployment vessel to assess worker safety. Oil analysis was carried out primarily to assess the values of the emulsion that was left as residue.

A Practical Answer to OPRC in the United Kingdom1

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 509-511
Author(s):  
David E. Neilson ◽  
Robert Tallack
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Tier Ii ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT The Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation Convention (OPRC 90) came into effect in 1990. Since this date, 52 of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) member states have signed to the convention, and recently the United Kingdom has developed legislation to implement the intent of the convention in that country. The convention requires a number of steps to enhance the preparedness of a country for an oil spill incident. The primary requirements are a focal point within the country, a national contingency plan, cooperation—notification between countries and response resources in-country. The United Kingdom developed legislation, the Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation Convention) Regulations, which became effective on August 15, 1998, although there was a grace period of 1 year before becoming effective on August 15, 1999. This placed a requirement on ports, harbors, and oil-handling facilities to prepare and submit a oil spill response contingency plan to the U.K. government. Within the plan, there is a requirement for the port, harbor, or oil-handling facility to either have in-house or contracted “Tier II” resources. A number of lessons can be drawn from the experience of OPRC 90 implementation in the United Kingdom, and there are lessons for the ports, the Tier II provider, and also for the regulator. The ports themselves had additional requirements placed on their already stretched resources. Industry needed to understand the potential market and plan their investment accordingly. The government agencies, again with limited resources, were tasked with the development of compliance guidelines and administering their internal review. The consultation process with statutory consultees proved a bottleneck in the planning process.

Euratom and Brexit: Could the United Kingdom Maintain One Foot in the European Union? Current Scenarios and Future Prospects of British withdrawal from the EAEC

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-151
Author(s):  
Andrea Circolo ◽  
Ondrej Hamuľák
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Independent Solution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper focuses on the very topical issue of conclusion of the membership of the State, namely the United Kingdom, in European integration structures. The ques­tion of termination of membership in European Communities and European Union has not been tackled for a long time in the sources of European law. With the adop­tion of the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), the institute of 'unilateral' withdrawal was intro­duced. It´s worth to say that exit clause was intended as symbolic in its nature, in fact underlining the status of Member States as sovereign entities. That is why this institute is very general and the legal regulation of the exercise of withdrawal contains many gaps. One of them is a question of absolute or relative nature of exiting from integration structures. Today’s “exit clause” (Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union) regulates only the termination of membership in the European Union and is silent on the impact of such a step on membership in the European Atomic Energy Community. The presented paper offers an analysis of different variations of the interpretation and solution of the problem. It´s based on the independent solution thesis and therefore rejects an automa­tism approach. The paper and topic is important and original especially because in the multitude of scholarly writings devoted to Brexit questions, vast majority of them deals with institutional questions, the interpretation of Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union; the constitutional matters at national UK level; future relation between EU and UK and political bargaining behind such as all that. The question of impact on withdrawal on Euratom membership is somehow underrepresented. Present paper attempts to fill this gap and accelerate the scholarly debate on this matter globally, because all consequences of Brexit already have and will definitely give rise to more world-wide effects.

scholarly journals The status of breeding Barn OwlsTyto albain the United Kingdom 1995–97

Bird Study ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Toms ◽  
H.Q.P. Crick ◽  
C.R. Shawyer
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework Outlining Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Earth as a Sustainable Building Material in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sharif Zami
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Despite the fact that contemporary earth construction may open up new avenues to cutting down CO2 emissions, a review of literature reveals that there is sparse research to date identifying reasons behind why there may be resistance to earth construction as a sustainable construction material in the United Kingdom. The aim of this paper is to formulate a conceptual framework that facilitates a clearer understanding of factors affecting the acceptance of earth as a sustainable material in the UK. To achieve this aim, this study adopted a research methodological framework comprising of an extensive review of literature, the Delphi technique, and in-depth interviews. The conceptual framework provides insight into factors related to the UK context specifically including a lack of technological innovation, resources, well-established supply chain networks, training facilities in universities and building codes. These issues may be addressed through the promotion of earthen architecture as a method of cutting CO2 emissions and introducing earth construction modules in relevant degree programs. Keywords: conceptual framework, factors, building material, earth, environmental sustainability

scholarly journals Features of transformation of legal entities in the conditions of Brexit

2021 ◽  
pp. 531-538
Author(s):  
Olha Ovechkina
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The State ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Actual Location ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Legal Entities

In connection with the decision to withdraw the UK from the EU a number of companies will need to take into account that from 1 January 2021 EU law will no longer apply to the United Kingdom and will become a "third country" for EU Member States, unless the provisions of bilateral agreements or multilateral trade agreements. This means that the four European freedoms (movement of goods, services, labor and capital) will no longer apply to UK companies to the same extent as they did during the UK's EU membership. The purpose of the article is to study, first of all, the peculiarities of the influence of Great Britain's withdrawal from the European Union on the legal regulation of the status of European legal entities. Brexit results in the inability to register European companies and European economic interest groups in the UK. Such companies already registered before 01.01.2021 have the opportunity to move their place of registration to an EU Member State. These provisions are defined in Regulations 2018 (2018/1298) and Regulations 2018 (2018/1299).British companies with branches in EU Member States will now be subject to the rules applicable to third-country companies, which provide additional information on their activities. In the EU, many countries apply the criterion of actual location, which causes, among other things, the problem of non-recognition of legal entities established in the country where the criterion of incorporation is used (including the United Kingdom), at the same time as the governing bodies of such legal entities the state where the settlement criterion is applied. Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of possible non-recognition of British companies, given the location of the board of such a legal entity in the state where the residency criterion applies, it seems appropriate to consider reincarnation at the actual location of such a company. Reducing the risks of these negative consequences in connection with Brexit on cross-border activities of legal entities is possible by concluding interstate bilateral and multilateral agreements that would contain unified rules on conflict of law regulation of the status of legal entities.

Workplace and Health: A Survey of Classical Orchestral Musicians in the United Kingdom and Germany

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Beatrice S Harper
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Orchestral Musicians

This article presents the results of a survey that was carried out among UK and German professional classical musicians between November 2000 and April 2001. The UK Musicians’ Union and the German musicians’ union, the Deutsche Orchester Vereinigung (DOV), assisted greatly with the duplication and distribution of the questionnaires. Selected results have been disseminated to the respondents via the UK Musicians’ Union journal, Musician. A full report will appear in Cultural Trends, to be published in 2002 by the Policy Studies Institute, London. The survey covered many aspects of musicians’ perceptions of occupational health and safety, the provision of appropriate information, their general working conditions, and their health. One of the main aims was to bring to the forefront a discussion of musicians’ working conditions and to raise awareness of the range of problems that exist. Key findings identify areas of concern to the respondents, in particular, regarding the environmental conditions of their workplaces. Additionally, findings indicate the use and effectiveness of the measures used by musicians to ameliorate a range of occupational hazards. This article also reports the respondents’ hearing problems, and which medical and alternative practitioners the sample consulted in cases of work-related ill health. The contrasting structure of the profession determined the choice of the United Kingdom and Germany for this study. The UK classical music workforce is predominantly freelance, whereas in Germany there are relatively few freelance musicians, and most orchestral musicians have the status of local government employees. One of the aims of the survey was to elicit information that might indicate whether such different conditions of employment affect the working lives of musicians. This article is organized in two parts. The first part places this survey in context and discusses the particular range of health problems highlighted by the respondents. The second part presents the survey and its findings.

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