Omnipose: a high-precision morphology-independent solution for bacterial cell segmentation

Advances in microscopy hold great promise for allowing quantitative and precise readouts of morphological and molecular phenomena at the single cell level in bacteria. However, the potential of this approach is ultimately limited by the availability of methods to perform unbiased cell segmentation, defined as the ability to faithfully identify cells independent of their morphology or optical characteristics. In this study, we present a new algorithm, Omnipose, which accurately segments samples that present significant challenges to current algorithms, including mixed bacterial cultures, antibiotic-treated cells, and cells of extended or branched morphology. We show that Omnipose achieves generality and performance beyond leading algorithms and its predecessor, Cellpose, by virtue of unique neural network outputs such as the gradient of the distance field. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of Omnipose in the context of characterizing extreme morphological phenotypes that arise during interbacterial antagonism. Our results distinguish Omnipose as a uniquely powerful tool for answering diverse questions in bacterial cell biology.

Edge Container for Speech Recognition

Containerization has been mainly used in pure software solutions, but it is gradually finding its way into the industrial systems. This paper introduces the edge container with artificial intelligence for speech recognition, which performs the voice control function of the actuator as a part of the Human Machine Interface (HMI). This work proposes a procedure for creating voice-controlled applications with modern hardware and software resources. The created architecture integrates well-known digital technologies such as containerization, cloud, edge computing and a commercial voice processing tool. This methodology and architecture enable the actual speech recognition and the voice control on the edge device in the local network, rather than in the cloud, like the majority of recent solutions. The Linux containers are designed to run without any additional configuration and setup by the end user. A simple adaptation of voice commands via configuration file may be considered as an additional contribution of the work. The architecture was verified by experiments with running containers on different devices, such as PC, Tinker Board 2, Raspberry Pi 3 and 4. The proposed solution and the practical experiment show how a voice-controlled system can be created, easily managed and distributed to many devices around the world in a few seconds. All this can be achieved by simple downloading and running two types of ready-made containers without any complex installations. The result of this work is a proven stable (network-independent) solution with data protection and low latency.

Numerical Prediction of the Second Peak in the Nusselt Number Distribution from an Impinging Round Jet

The results of numerical simulations of a single impinging round jet, using different numerical parameters are presented. To simulate the heat transfer in industrial drying with arrays of different jets the heat transfer for a single round jet (Re=23000 based on jet’s diameter and bulk velocity and the dimensionless jet’s outlet to target wall distance= 2) is used as a test case to validate the numerical model. The distribution of the Nusselt-number serves as a benchmark and the computational cost with regard to CPU-time and memory requirements should be minimal. To accurately predict the intensity and position of the secondary peak from an impinging flow, different approaches for turbulence modeling are considered and their results are compared with data from the literature. The influence of the grid size and the grid shape is analyzed and the grid-independent solution is determined. The results using different implementations of the SST k-omega model, as the best compromise between the computational cost and accuracy are compared. Low Re damping modification in the implementation of SST K-ω has an important role in the prediction of the secondary peak. Good results can be achieved with a coarse grid, as long as the boundary region is appropriately resolved. Polyhedral grids produce good quality results with lower memory requirements and cell numbers as well as shorter run times.

Study of the Stress Distribution Due to the Effect of Transient Analysis on a Vertical Pressure Vessel and Validation using the Mesh Independence Study

The importance of Pressure Vessel (PV) to industries is one of the reasons why the design and structural integrity should be fully understood and considered when deploring it in under different conditions. The design of such vessels need to be broadened with a detailed thermal stress due to its time-dependent different behaviours experienced under load. Therefore, this study aimed at investigation of transient analysis of PV when subjected to different operating condition. The PV used for this simulation was designed based on American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) 2019 and subjected to transient-stress analysis (transient thermal and structural) using ANSYS software. A complete evaluation of temperature, heat flux and resulting stress distribution across the vessel was estimated at four different locations within the designed PV and the obtained result was compared with analytically obtained results from appropriate standards. The accuracy of the result obtained from PV was validated using analysis of Mesh Independent Study (MIS), Grid Convergence Index (GCI) and fractional error obtained between the fine grid used. The results showed that there were different temperature and heat flux distribution at the considered locations, these varied distributions or change are according to various transients which are as a result of the load applied to the PV. The simulated maximum principal stress value was close to the analytically computed stress with a percentage error of 2.65% with respect to the analytically obtained result. The analysed maximum stress (W analysed) value 3400 MPa, obtained from MIS study was close to 3210 MPa obtained for maximum stress using numerical approach (WN). The GCI value obtained was 0.073 and fractional error of -0.003 which show that the result presented are grid independent solution.

Analysis of financial and economic activities

The textbook comprehensively describes the basics of the theory of economic analysis and the practice of applying analytical approaches to economic entities of various types. It consists of three interrelated sections that reveal a comprehensive and systematic approach to conducting economic analysis. The practical part of the textbook includes exercises, examples of solving situational problems and tasks for independent solution. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational education institutions studying in the specialty 38.02.07 "Banking". It can be useful for undergraduate students studying in the areas of 38.03.01 " Economics "and 38.03.02" Management", specialists in the field of analysis of the activities of organizations, a wide range of readers interested in the problems of analysis of the activities of economic entities.

Fluid Dynamic Actuators For Satellite Attitude Control

In this thesis, the application of fluid based actuators for satellite attitude control and thermal management is investigated. The actuator named Pumped Fluid Loop Actuator (PFLA) is examined to satisfy the need for integrated attitude and thermal management systems while considering strict mass and power budgets. A nonlinear voltage-driven control law is formulated and the feasibility of the PFLA for satellite attitude maneuvers is addressed. A high-fidelity PFLA model is developed. The power consumption of the PFLA is examined in the presence of sensor noise. Simulation results demonstrate its feasibility for attitude tracking capabilities of up to ± 0.01° with slew rates of up to 10 °/s. Next, the limitations of existing fluid dynamic actuators are overcome through the design of a novel Patent Pending Pumped Fluid Spherical Actuator (PFSA). The PFSA extends the capabilities of fluid dynamic actuators and allows for satellite attitude control about any arbitrary axis through spherical design, and introduces a fault-tolerant functionality that allows it to be used as a sensor in the event of rate-gyro failure of the attitude determination subsystem. The dynamic model of the PFSA is obtained through computational fluid-dynamics and finite-element analysis using the grid-independent solution. The passive stabilization capabilities of the PFSA are investigated. Simulation results show an order of three-fold reduction in settling time in comparison to existing fluid dynamic actuators. Lastly, a design modification is proposed for PFLA in order to examine its thermal management capabilities. A comprehensive investigation is carried out to perform thermal transport from onboard electronics through conduction and convection. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of thermal transport while considering fluid rotation inside the PFLA as opposed to stationary fluid.

Fluid Dynamic Actuators For Satellite Attitude Control

In this thesis, the application of fluid based actuators for satellite attitude control and thermal management is investigated. The actuator named Pumped Fluid Loop Actuator (PFLA) is examined to satisfy the need for integrated attitude and thermal management systems while considering strict mass and power budgets. A nonlinear voltage-driven control law is formulated and the feasibility of the PFLA for satellite attitude maneuvers is addressed. A high-fidelity PFLA model is developed. The power consumption of the PFLA is examined in the presence of sensor noise. Simulation results demonstrate its feasibility for attitude tracking capabilities of up to ± 0.01° with slew rates of up to 10 °/s. Next, the limitations of existing fluid dynamic actuators are overcome through the design of a novel Patent Pending Pumped Fluid Spherical Actuator (PFSA). The PFSA extends the capabilities of fluid dynamic actuators and allows for satellite attitude control about any arbitrary axis through spherical design, and introduces a fault-tolerant functionality that allows it to be used as a sensor in the event of rate-gyro failure of the attitude determination subsystem. The dynamic model of the PFSA is obtained through computational fluid-dynamics and finite-element analysis using the grid-independent solution. The passive stabilization capabilities of the PFSA are investigated. Simulation results show an order of three-fold reduction in settling time in comparison to existing fluid dynamic actuators. Lastly, a design modification is proposed for PFLA in order to examine its thermal management capabilities. A comprehensive investigation is carried out to perform thermal transport from onboard electronics through conduction and convection. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of thermal transport while considering fluid rotation inside the PFLA as opposed to stationary fluid.

Binary background model with geometric mean for author-independent authorship verification

Authorship verification (AV) is one of the main problems of authorship analysis and digital text forensics. The classical AV problem is to decide whether or not a particular author wrote the document in question. However, if there is one and relatively short document as the author’s known document, the verification problem becomes more difficult than the classical AV and needs a generalised solution. Regarding to decide AV of the given two unlabeled documents (2D-AV), we proposed a system that provides an author-independent solution with the help of a Binary Background Model (BBM). The BBM is a supervised model that provides an informative background to distinguish document pairs written by the same or different authors. To evaluate the document pairs in one representation, we also proposed a new, simple and efficient document combination method based on the geometric mean of the stylometric features. We tested the performance of the proposed system for both author-dependent and author-independent AV cases. In addition, we introduced a new, well-defined, manually labelled Turkish blog corpus to be used in subsequent studies about authorship analysis. Using a publicly available English blog corpus for generating the BBM, the proposed system demonstrated an accuracy of over 90% from both trained and unseen authors’ test sets. Furthermore, the proposed combination method and the system using the BBM with the English blog corpus were also evaluated with other genres, which were used in the international PAN AV competitions, and achieved promising results.

Formation of Professionalism of Future Primary School Teachers with Disabilities and Disabilities

In society stereotypes of perception of people with disabilities are changing. Analysis of the problems of professional development of young people with disabilities is becoming an important area of scientific research. Explicit and hidden causes of physical defects affect the formation of a strategy for overcoming difficulties in mastering a specialty. This process takes on a special direction in the formation of the professionalism of the primary school teacher. The study was conducted in the 2019–2020 academic year. It was attended by 20 future primary school teachers. Of these, 16 students with general diseases, 3 students with diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MSA) and 1 visually impaired student. Approaches to the study of the stages of the formation of professionalism of a future primary school teacher who has problems with physical indicators of health are considered from the point of view of the dominant influence of 2 factors. The first is related to the awareness of the problems of modern situations of children’s development. The second – with the degree of formation of behavioral professional control when assessing their own abilities and the available health-preserving resource. The structure of professionalism is made up of “bio-medical-physiological” indicators of physical health, personality and activity-determined components of professionalism, the effectiveness, the functioning of which is determined by the indicators of the success of the student’s independent solution of their problems. The psychological and pedagogical and also mechanisms providing the professionalism formation are highlighted. Analytical competence is highlighted as the leading pedagogical competence that ensures the formation of professionalism. The article highlights the qualitative characteristics of sufficient, acceptable and below the acceptable levels of formation of analytical competence, and also outlines the leading directions of its formation. Keywords: professionalism formation of the future primary school teacher, “health-saving” resource of professionalization with disabilities, mechanisms for the professionalism development, self-educational actions of junior schoolchildren, development of student’s analytical competence