OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN THAILAND

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klavs Bender ◽  
Robert Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Cost Estimate ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT In 1986, an oil contingency plan was developed for the Kingdom of Thailand. The plan includes several aspects, such as:Important fishing grounds, and breeding areas for species of fish, shellfish, and crustaceans of commercial valueAquaculture and mangrove forest areas along the coast of ThailandDistribution of coral reefAreas with rare and endangered reptiles and mammalsSocio-economic information, i.e. amenity beaches and other tourist areas, marine parks, seabird colonies, and industrial sitesDescription of wind patterns, surface current, seawater temperatures, and hydrocarbon levels in marine water and sedimentsAn assessment of the risk of oil pollution in Thai waters, including an evaluation of the frequency and size of a range of possible hydrocarbon releases in Thai waters The results of the study cover an evaluation of the existing oil spill control capabilities in Thailand as well as recommendations for a national oil spill contingency plan including organization, staffing, reporting, alarm and communication arrangements, oil spill control equipment, recommendations for training and exercises and a cost estimate for the implementation. A separate manual for oil spill combating operations has been developed as well.

Anti-oil pollution strategy in Sullom Voe—environmental considerations

1981 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
W. J. Syratt ◽  
M. G. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Spill Control

SynopsisThis paper describes briefly the history behind oil pollution contingency planning for Sullom Voe. It describes in detail the environmental factors which have been considered when drawing up the Sullom Voe Harbour Oil Spill Plan. These factors are:1. The nature of the sea zones within the Oil Spill Control Area.2. The nature of the coastline within the Oil Spill Control Area.In both cases accessibility of the various zones, and how this will affect contingency planning, is discussed.3. Wildlife and conservation interests including: (a) ornithological interests; (b) mammals; (c) inshore fisheries; (d) salt marshes and soft mud shores; (e) houbs and other sensitive shallow water areas; (f) Sites of Special Scientific Interest SSSI's and Nature Reserves; (g) secondary beach structures; (h) sand amenity beaches and (i) other amenity areas, e.g. harbours.Finally the strategy, based on the factors summarized above, and its effectiveness in the light of an oil spill, is discussed.

SUPPORT FOR REGIONAL OIL SPILL RESPONSE IN THE ROPME SEA AREA

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
P. B. Ryan ◽  
D. J. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
External Support ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Sea Area

ABSTRACT Oil spill contingency planning is concerned with the organization of preplanned responses to anticipated oil pollution emergencies in defined geographical areas. A major factor that must be considered when drafting any contingency plan is the support that can be expected from a variety of sources in times of emergency. Oil spills vary in both their magnitude and complexity and so do the responses to such incidents. It follows, therefore, that there is a tiered structure of oil spill contingency planning and response and that there is a corresponding tiering of sources of support. This paper identifies the various tiers of oil spill planning and response and reviews the external support relevant to each tier. The discussion base of this paper relates particularly to the ROPME sea area as defined herein but many of the observations will apply to other regions of the world where similar situations may be encountered.

Response to the Esso Bernicia oil spill

1995 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Peter Foxton ◽  
Martin Heubeck
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

SynopsisA brief description is given of the accident to the tanker Esso Bernicia that resulted in the release of 1174 tonnes of heavy fuel oil into the harbour at Sullom Voe. The measures taken to deal with the spill and the resulting oil pollution are described and their effectiveness assessed. Aspects of the environmental effects are considered with particular reference to birds, otters and sheep. Wide-ranging inquiries were made into the cause of the incident, the adequacy of the response, and the effects of the pollution. The actions that resulted are described. Finally the significance of the event is considered in relation to the subsequent development of oil spill contingency planning at Sullom Voe, and in the wider context of Shetland.

Contingency Planning for Oil Spills: An Update Based on Experience Gained from the Port Angeles Spill

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Robert A. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Contingency Plans

Although the best method for handling an oil spill is to prevent its occurrence, the risk of a significant oil spill, from either a tank or other vessel, is always present. When a spill does occur, a good spill contingency plan will help to limit the adverse effects of the spill. This paper discusses the contents and development of Spill Contingency Plans, with emphasis on experience gained during the cleanup of the Port Angeles spill. Information pertinent to and details from ARCO Marine Inc.'s Spill Contingency Plan have been included to aid interested parties in their endeavors to develop suitable contingency plans.

CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR OFFSHORE OIL SPILLS

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
G. N. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Offshore Oil

The incidence of oil spillage from offshore exploration and production activities is comparatively low but the Santa Barbara and Chevron blowouts remind us of what can happen.There are two things each operator can do to help ensure he is prepared in the event of an emergency. First, a comprehensive inhouse contingency plan should be prepared before commencing operations in an area. The plan will ensure that adequate first-aid measures are on hand at all times and will go on to list the location and availability of additional assistance both in equipment and manpower.Second, the operator should be prepared to participate in the oil industry's National Oil Spills Action Plan. This plan is designed to ensure that the entire resources of the industry can be made available and effectively co-ordinated to combat an oil spill anywhere on the coast of Australia.

OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING AND SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT COORDINATION IN BERMUDA: A SUCCESSFUL MODEL

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Sleeter ◽  
Anthony H. Knap ◽  
I. Walwyn Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Sensitivity Maps

ABSTRACT A complete oil spill contingency plan has been developed together with environmental sensitivity maps, a damage risk assessment, and a scientific support coordination plan. The contingency plan details the notification and mobilization of key personnel and equipment during the initial phases of a marine pollution incident. It sets out a pre-planned course of action and, depending on the magnitude of the incident, calls for the orderly involvement of communication networks and various governmental agencies including marine police, marine ports, fisheries, the police, fire department and the regiment, all of which are coordinated by the on-scene coordinator and his command team. Environmental sensitivity maps have been developed to streamline decision making by the command team by identifying priority areas that require maximum effort for protection, cleanup, and conservation. The system ranks 15 coastal environments on a sensitivity scale of 1 to 10 with respect to the expected persistence of hazardous material spills (such as oil) along the coastline. The index is based on the geomorphology of the area, coastal processes, and the amount of physical energy to which the coastline is subjected. The maps also identify pertinent political and socioeconomic resources and areas of ecological significance. Water depths, current velocities, and distances across inlets are indicated for deployment of containment booms. In addition, under a Scientific Support Response Plan all scientific activity during the pollution incident is coordinated and documented. The plan sets up the orderly flow of scientific information to the command team and coordinates an organized sampling protocol including documentation and proper “chain of custody” of environmental samples. This system, coupled with an analytical detection unit, has resulted in convictions for more than 22 minor oil pollution incidents in Bermuda.

PLANS FOR INTEGRATING DISPERSANT USE IN CALIFORNIA

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pavia ◽  
Lindon A. Onstad
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Oil Spill Dispersants ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Spill Control ◽  
Effective Use

ABSTRACT Since the early 1970s both the effectiveness and efficiency of oil spill dispersants have been improved while the toxicity of these chemicals has been reduced. Although a large body of research has been published in the last five years which supports these claims, there has been little experience with the use of dispersants in the United States. This lack of experience has been created, in part, by a cumbersome dispersant approval process and the reluctance of spill responders to invest in dispersants and related application equipment. The Region IX Regional Response Team has identified four prerequisites for effective use of dispersants: informed decision-makers; a functional decision-making process; coordinated contingency plans; and effective, region-specific application capabilities. This paper explores the approach taken by government and industry to fulfill these prerequisites. The goal of these efforts, which include sponsoring workshops, implementing a dispersant application test program, and requiring specific dispersant contingency planning efforts, is to fully integrate dispersants into the oil spill control efforts of the region.

THE LOUISIANA OFFSHORE OIL PORT COMPUTERIZED OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN1

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
John J. Gallagher ◽  
A. J. Heikamp
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Offshore Oil

ABSTRACT The Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP, Inc.) is installing a computerized oil spill contingency plan. The nature and operation of the LOOP, Inc. facilities raise unique difficulties that must be addressed in oil spill contingency planning for the system. The structure of the new computerized contingency plan, its application to the system, and the benefits derived from the plan are the subjects of this paper.

PLANNING THE LOGISTICS ISSUES TO ENHANCE OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE1

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Sioned Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Considerable Advantage ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Key Features

ABSTRACT Generic, broad-brushed Oil Spill Contingency Plans (OSCP) have given way to more operationally-focused and systematic, site-specific plans. These newer plans offer considerable advantage as planning and response tools to initiate and support the deployment of equipment on-site. However, significant logistical features are still often overlooked in the planning process, which both exercises and real incidents have demonstrated. These omissions can seriously impede rapid and effective responses. This paper reviews the logistical issues of various recent incidents and demonstrates the key features that should be considered at the contingency planning stage. Options for drop-in elements in an oil spill contingency plan, or a separate logistics plan, are also presented.

The Oil Pollution act of 1990: Key Provisions and Implications

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 695-697
Author(s):  
David M. Bovet ◽  
Charles R. Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
National Response ◽  
New Construction

ABSTRACT The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 establishes a system of oil spill liability, compensation and financial responsibility at levels not contemplated prior to the Exxon Valdez incident. Furthermore, it does so while preserving states’ prerogatives and rejects the international solution embodied in the 1984 Protocols to the 1969 Civil Liability and 1971 Fund Conventions. The act requires new contingency planning by both industry and government and sets new construction, manning, and licensing requirements. It increases penalties, broadens enforcement responsibilities of the federal government, and enhances states’ participation in the national response program. It also establishes a billion dollar federal trust fund to supplement the liability of responsible parties. The act is likely to result in safer tanker operations and to reduce the threat of oil spills in U.S. waters. These environmental improvements will be paid for by U.S. oil consumers. Other implications include the following:Reassessment of involvement in U.S. oil transportation by both independents and oil majorsEnhanced preparedness by responsible partiesA gradual rise in freight ratesCorporate restructuring to shield liabilityFewer small oil companies and independent carriers in U.S. tradesPotential disruptions linked to new certificates of financial responsibilityPotential shortages of Alaskan trade tonnageHeightened presence of state governments in oil spill incidents, oil spill legislation, and enforcement

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