scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF EQUIPMENT FOR RAPID REFLOTATION OF SPILLED ORIMULSION®

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1317-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Hvidbak ◽  
P. Masciangioli
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Rapid Formation ◽  
Marine Terminals ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
Great Force

ABSTRACT An Orimulsion® spill will behave differently to an oil spill by initially going into suspension as microscopic surfactant coated bitumen particles in the upper 2–3 meters below the sea surface. In case of spills at Orimulsion® marine terminals or nearshore, it is important to be able to rapidly refloat the bitumen. In this way, the spill could be converted to and treated as a conventional heavy oil spill, using booms and heavy oil skimmers. Previous tests by INTEVEP and BITOR indicated that agitation, air injection, and splashing are important for a rapid formation and reflotation of bitumen droplets. This developed into the Forced Adhesion and Flotation (FAF) concept. However, besides the effect of a centrifugal pump's agitation, air injection received the major attention until it was discovered that the splashing effect was as important and at the same time simpler and less costly to employ. As a result, the PNP Orimulsion® Refloater was developed: a floating submerged or nonsubmerged centrifugal pump that sucks from beneath the water surface and with great force discharges vertically up against a splash cover, from where the water splashes back to the surface. Enhanced agitation and very strong aeration causes a very efficient reflotation.

Numerical Modeling of the Oil Spill Trajectory and Real-Time Tracking Using Intelligent Swarm Robots

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 1261-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Pashna ◽  
Rubiyah Yusof ◽  
Zool H. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Robot Locomotion ◽  
Swarm Robots ◽  
Real Time Tracking

An oil spill is discharge of fluid petroleum such as crude oil or its by-product derivations such as diesel and gasoline on the water surface. In this paper, a numerical model of the oil spill has been introduced as a simulation of releasing oil on the sea surface. Meantime, the influence of sea waves and wind has been considered and shown. Moreover, a swarm of robots is engaged in order to track the spreading boundaries of the slicked oil, so that a novel schedule of robot locomotion is presented, based on the online sharing information in the flock network. Therefore, the swarm of robots tracks the oil spill margins intelligently and successfully.

THE KATINA OIL SPILL 1982, COMBATING OPERATION AT SEA

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
W. Koops ◽  
F. J. Sanders ◽  
J. M. Gubbens
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Dutch Coast

ABSTRACT At about 15 km north-northwest of the Hook of Holland, the Greek tanker M.S. Katina collided with the French ore carrier Pengall on the afternoon of Monday, June 7, 1982. The collision caused a gash below the waterline in the No. 4 port cargo tank of the Katina which was loaded with 6,300 m3 heavy fuel oil. It was estimated during the first reconnaissance flight at eight o'clock in the evening, that between 1,000 and 2,000 m3 of oil must have been released from the Katina. Later, when the oil had been cleared up, it appeared that the total amount of leaked oil had been 1,630 m3. The dredger oil combat vessels Cosmos and Hein were in full action beginning at noon Tuesday, June 8, sweeping the oil from the sea surface. The Cosmos and the Hein swept up 800 m3 and 300 m3 of oil respectively (i.e., weathered oil with 30–50 percent seawater included). Especially on Tuesday a fairly large amount of oil was recovered by the Cosmos and the Hein. After that, it became more and more difficult to combat the oil, which became more and more scattered. As the viscosity of the oil became increasingly higher due to evaporation of the more volatile components, pumping became increasingly difficult and the capacity of the sweeping system decreased accordingly. After the Cosmos was dismissed, the Hein and the Smal Agt continued to combat the scattered oil slicks. In total, approximately 1,440 m3 were eventually removed from the sea surface, of which approximately 790 m3 was pure water-free oil. No further oil of significance was observed on Saturday June 12 and the opinion was that the combat activities had been effective at sea and the coast had been protected from extensive oil pollution. However, that Sunday oil washed up on the Dutch coast. The submerged oil, due to its higher specific gravity, floats invisibly under the water surface and was driven toward the coast by strong on-shore winds and currents.

scholarly journals THE UNDERWATER TRAJECTORY BEHAVIOUR OF HEAVY OIL JET IN CROSS-FLOW FROM A BROKEN SURFACE PIPELINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Portia Felix
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Buoyant Jet ◽  
Injection Point

Oil spill occurrences continue to raise varying questions and concerns about their impact on and behaviour in the marine environment as they have the potential to cause unfavourable environmental, economic and social impacts. Understanding the behaviour of oil interactions with the ocean and nearby coastal environments is crucial in maintaining a reasonable relationship between relevant stakeholders. For this purpose, oil spill numerical models are useful for predicting the movement and distribution of oil in any receiving marine environment. As a first attempt, this paper presents a very crude oil plume model to simulate the underwater behaviour of a heavy crude oil which originates from an injection point source protruding the water surface discharging heavy oil into a receiving water body of shallow water depth. Most of the existing surface oil spill models do not cater for spills that initially behave as a jet at the water surface which is an essential feature of this hypothetical oil spill scenario. The study sets a specific focus on simulating the underwater suspension and horizontal movement of an oil plume originating from a spill initially behaving as a positively buoyant jet. The model is based on a two-dimensional modified form of the classical Navier-Stokes equations and discretized using the Projection method. The model is applied in a rectangular domain with suitable boundary conditions and parameterizations to observe the underwater oil trajectory behaviour. The model is verified using a benchmark fluid flow problem and its results show reasonable relationship of specific gravity with depth. The ultimate contribution of the study can provide insights necessary for oil spill cleanup decisions as oil behaviour of this nature may pollute the underlying water.

scholarly journals Revisit of a Case Study of Spilled Oil Slicks Caused by the Sanchi Accident (2018) in the East China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Zhehao Yang ◽  
Weizeng Shao ◽  
Yuyi Hu ◽  
Qiyan Ji ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East China Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Spatial Coverage

Marine oil spills occur suddenly and pose a serious threat to ecosystems in coastal waters. Oil spills continuously affect the ocean environment for years. In this study, the oil spill caused by the accident of the Sanchi ship (2018) in the East China Sea was hindcast simulated using the oil particle-tracing method. Sea-surface winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), currents simulated from the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), and waves simulated from the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) were employed as background marine dynamics fields. In particular, the oil spill simulation was compared with the detection from Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The validation of the SWAN-simulated significant wave height (SWH) against measurements from the Jason-2 altimeter showed a 0.58 m root mean square error (RMSE) with a 0.93 correlation (COR). Further, the sea-surface current was compared with that from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2), yielding a 0.08 m/s RMSE and a 0.71 COR. Under these circumstances, we think the model-simulated sea-surface currents and waves are reliable for this work. A hindcast simulation of the tracks of oil slicks spilled from the Sanchi shipwreck was conducted during the period of 14–17 January 2018. It was found that the general track of the simulated oil slicks was consistent with the observations from the collected GF-3 SAR images. However, the details from the GF-3 SAR images were more obvious. The spatial coverage of oil slicks between the SAR-detected and simulated results was about 1 km2. In summary, we conclude that combining numerical simulation and SAR remote sensing is a promising technique for real-time oil spill monitoring and the prediction of oil spreading.

scholarly journals Dynamic Simulation of the Toe-to-Heel Air Injection Heavy Oil Recovery Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1276-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rabiu Ado ◽  
Malcolm Greaves ◽  
Sean P. Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Heavy Oil Recovery

scholarly journals Result of modeling temperature anomalies on the water surface of the research basin of the institute of hydromechanics NAS of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Fedorovsky ◽  
Vitalii Filimonov ◽  
Iryna Piestova ◽  
Stanislav Dugin ◽  
Vladyslav Yakymchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Structural And Textural Parameters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits

The results of the research and physical modeling of temperature anomalies of natural or man-made origin on the water surface are presented.  The information for the research was obtained from the experimental basin of the Institute of Hydromechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from the self-propelled model as the generator of hydrodynamic processes. The information obtained after image processing allowed to significantly expand the existing ideas about the mechanism of formation of anomalies on the open surface with the hydrodynamic disturbances from hydrocarbon deposits and moving submerged object. The interaction of the emerging hydrodynamic disturbances with the near-surface water layer and the occurrence of unmasking temperature anomalies on the open sea surface have a lot in common between the hydrocarbon deposits and the moving submerged object. The application of the difference of the above structural and textural parameters by calculating the value of "entropy" has been proposed as the informative feature for decoding the images of the water surface with the presence of hydrocarbon deposits or moving immersed objects. The decoding of temperature anomalies consists of two stages: learning and proper decoding. The first stage is the supervised learning, during which the system is being researched using the existing set of images, in which only the background and no hydrocarbon deposits or moving submerged object. Training is carried out in order to determine the signs of belonging to the background or hydrocarbon deposits, moving submerged object. It was determined that the background has minimal entropy values, and with the appearance of an anomaly, the entropy grows to the maximum value, after which, as the temperature trace dissipates, it begins to fall to background values. This confirms the informativity of the entropy feature for decoding the optical anomalies of man-made and natural origin on the sea surface from aerial photos.

scholarly journals Vertical Motions Damping Model Test of a Lifeboat Lowered Onto a Flat Sea Surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (s1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Aleksander Kniat ◽  
Paweł Dymarski
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Initial Speed ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Damping Model

Abstract The article presents the experiment’s results of the lifeboat model lowered with an initial speed and then released to fall onto a flat water surface. The purpose of the research is to determine the trajectory of the vertical boat motion and describe it with a mathematical model. This is closely related to determining the damping factor since the vertical motion is damped and the lifeboat gets balanced and stops moving after some time. The procedure of selecting parameters in the mathematical model to adjust to the results of the experiment was described in details. The summary describes the imperfections of the presented damping model and their probable causes.

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