Numerical Modeling of the Oil Spill Trajectory and Real-Time Tracking Using Intelligent Swarm Robots

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 1261-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Pashna ◽  
Rubiyah Yusof ◽  
Zool H. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Robot Locomotion ◽  
Swarm Robots ◽  
Real Time Tracking

An oil spill is discharge of fluid petroleum such as crude oil or its by-product derivations such as diesel and gasoline on the water surface. In this paper, a numerical model of the oil spill has been introduced as a simulation of releasing oil on the sea surface. Meantime, the influence of sea waves and wind has been considered and shown. Moreover, a swarm of robots is engaged in order to track the spreading boundaries of the slicked oil, so that a novel schedule of robot locomotion is presented, based on the online sharing information in the flock network. Therefore, the swarm of robots tracks the oil spill margins intelligently and successfully.

scholarly journals Sacrificial amphiphiles: Eco-friendly chemical herders as oil spill mitigation chemicals

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. e1400265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeksha Gupta ◽  
Bivas Sarker ◽  
Keith Thadikaran ◽  
Vijay John ◽  
Charles Maldarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Branched Chain

Crude oil spills are a major threat to marine biota and the environment. When light crude oil spills on water, it forms a thin layer that is difficult to clean by any methods of oil spill response. Under these circumstances, a special type of amphiphile termed as “chemical herder” is sprayed onto the water surrounding the spilled oil. The amphiphile forms a monomolecular layer on the water surface, reducing the air–sea surface tension and causing the oil slick to retract into a thick mass that can be burnt in situ. The current best-known chemical herders are chemically stable and nonbiodegradable, and hence remain in the marine ecosystem for years. We architect an eco-friendly, sacrificial, and effective green herder derived from the plant-based small-molecule phytol, which is abundant in the marine environment, as an alternative to the current chemical herders. Phytol consists of a regularly branched chain of isoprene units that form the hydrophobe of the amphiphile; the chain is esterified to cationic groups to form the polar group. The ester linkage is proximal to an allyl bond in phytol, which facilitates the hydrolysis of the amphiphile after adsorption to the sea surface into the phytol hydrophobic tail, which along with the unhydrolyzed herder, remains on the surface to maintain herding action, and the cationic group, which dissolves into the water column. Eventual degradation of the phytol tail and dilution of the cation make these sacrificial amphiphiles eco-friendly. The herding behavior of phytol-based amphiphiles is evaluated as a function of time, temperature, and water salinity to examine their versatility under different conditions, ranging from ice-cold water to hot water. The green chemical herder retracted oil slicks by up to ~500, 700, and 2500% at 5°, 20°, and 35°C, respectively, during the first 10 min of the experiment, which is on a par with the current best chemical herders in practice.

scholarly journals Marine Oil Spill Detection Based on the Comprehensive Use of Polarimetric SAR Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Yuanzhi Zhang ◽  
Zifeng Yuan ◽  
Huaqiu Guo ◽  
Hongyuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Polarimetric Sar ◽  
Classification Result ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Oil Spill Detection ◽  
Biogenic Slicks

As a major marine pollution source, oil spills largely threaten the sustainability of the coastal environment. Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar remote sensing has become a promising approach for marine oil spill detection since it could effectively separate crude oil and biogenic look-alikes. However, on the sea surface, the signal to noise ratio of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter is usually low, especially for cross-polarized channels. In practice, it is necessary to combine the refined detail of slick-sea boundary derived from the co-polarized channel and the highly accurate crude slick/look-alike classification result obtained based on the polarimetric information. In this paper, the architecture for oil spill detection based on polarimetric SAR is proposed and analyzed. The performance of different polarimetric SAR filters for oil spill classification are compared. Polarimetric SAR features are extracted and taken as the input of Staked Auto Encoder (SAE) to achieve high accurate classification between crude oil, biogenic slicks, and clean sea surface. A post-processing method is proposed to combine the classification result derived from SAE and the refined boundary derived from VV channel power image based on special density thresholding (SDT). Experiments were conducted on spaceborne fully polarimetric SAR images where both crude oil and biogenic slicks were presented on the sea surface.

IMPLICATIONS OF OBSERVATIONS OF INTENTIONAL OIL SPILLS

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Reed ◽  
Chris Turner ◽  
James Price
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Physical Explanation ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Drift Model ◽  
Surface Drifters ◽  
Unstable Emulsion ◽  
Drifting Buoys

ABSTRACT Intentional releases of crude oil on the open ocean were carried out in the Norwegian Sea in 1989 and 1991. The releases were used to evaluate selected satellite-tracked surface drifting buoys for their ability to simulate the movement of oil on the sea surface, and to improve our understanding of the behavior and fate of oil at sea. The crude oil used in 1989 rapidly formed a stable, highly viscous emulsion with water; the crude oil used in 1991 formed a very unstable emulsion, and spread rapidly to a relatively uniform, thin sheen. Both the surface drifters and a simple drift model simulated slick drift relatively well in 1989, but were significantly in error two out of three times in 1991. A physical explanation and numerical model have been constructed to explain the data. Implications of these and other observations, both for surface drifters and models of oil spills, are discussed.

scholarly journals Pemodelan Sebaran Tumpahan Minyak di Perairan Karawang, Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Muh Dandi Firmansyah ◽  
Aris Ismanto ◽  
Sri Yulina Wulandari ◽  
Rikha Widiaratih ◽  
Azis Rifai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Gas Drilling

Perairan Karawang merupakan salah satu perairan yang dilintasi Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) dimana kapal-kapal besar dan kapal tanker melintasi area perairan ini. Pada bagian utara Perairan Karawang juga terdapat kegiatan pengeboran migas (minyak dan gas) sumur bor milik salah satu perusahaan minyak dan gas nasional, sehingga Perairan Karawang dan sekitarnya mempunyai resiko yang tinggi terhadap tumpahan minyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperkirakan luasan pola persebaran tumpahan minyak mentah (crude oil) akibat kebocoran sumur bor di perairan Karawang dan wilayah perairan di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua tahapan, yaitu tahap survei lapangan dan tahap pemodelan numerik. Pemodelan numerik terdiri dari pemodelan arus, sebaran tumpahan minyak, dan nasib  (fate) minyak setelah tumpah yang masing-masing dimodelkan menggunakan model matematika dua dimensi Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan untuk menentukan lokasi pengukuran menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Trayektori Sebaran tumpahan minyak mentah (crude oil) dominan bergerak dari sumur bor pada koordinat 107°37′32.52″E dan 06°5’39”S menuju ke arah barat, bergerak dari Perairan Karawang menuju Perairan Bekasi. Hal itu terjadi karena peristiwa minyak tumpah terjadi musim timur, yakni arus dominan bergerak dari arah timur dan tenggara menuju ke arah barat dan barat laut. Daerah terdampak tumpahan minyak ini meliputi Kabupaten Karawang dan Kabupaten Bekasi, khususnya wilayah Perairan Kecamatan Muara Gembong dengan luasan sebaran tumpahan minyak sekitar 249.91 km2.   Karawang waters is one of the waters crossed by the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Channel (ALKI) where large ships and tankers cross this water area. In the northern part of Karawang Waters, there is also oil and gas (oil and gas) drilling activities which are owned by one of the national oil and gas companies, so that the Karawang waters and surrounding areas have a high risk of oil spills. The purpose of this study was to estimate the extent of the distribution pattern of crude oil spills due to leakage of wells in the waters of Karawang and the surrounding waters. This research was divided into two stages, namely the field survey stage and the numerical modeling stage. Numerical modeling consists of modeling the flow, distribution of oil spills, and the fate of oil after spilling, each of which is modeled using 2 dimension mathematical model. This study uses quantitative methods and to determine the location of measurements using the purposive sampling method. Trajectory The dominant distribution of crude oil spills moves from the wellbore at coordinates 107 ° 37′32.52 ″ E and 06 ° 5'39 "S heading westward, moving from Karawang Waters to Bekasi Waters. This happened because the oil spill event occurred in the east season, which is the dominant current moving from east and southeast to west and northwest. Areas affected by the oil spill include Karawang Regency and Bekasi Regency, especially the waters of the Muara Gembong District with an area of distribution of oil spills around 249.91 km2.

THE KATINA OIL SPILL 1982, COMBATING OPERATION AT SEA

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
W. Koops ◽  
F. J. Sanders ◽  
J. M. Gubbens
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Dutch Coast

ABSTRACT At about 15 km north-northwest of the Hook of Holland, the Greek tanker M.S. Katina collided with the French ore carrier Pengall on the afternoon of Monday, June 7, 1982. The collision caused a gash below the waterline in the No. 4 port cargo tank of the Katina which was loaded with 6,300 m3 heavy fuel oil. It was estimated during the first reconnaissance flight at eight o'clock in the evening, that between 1,000 and 2,000 m3 of oil must have been released from the Katina. Later, when the oil had been cleared up, it appeared that the total amount of leaked oil had been 1,630 m3. The dredger oil combat vessels Cosmos and Hein were in full action beginning at noon Tuesday, June 8, sweeping the oil from the sea surface. The Cosmos and the Hein swept up 800 m3 and 300 m3 of oil respectively (i.e., weathered oil with 30–50 percent seawater included). Especially on Tuesday a fairly large amount of oil was recovered by the Cosmos and the Hein. After that, it became more and more difficult to combat the oil, which became more and more scattered. As the viscosity of the oil became increasingly higher due to evaporation of the more volatile components, pumping became increasingly difficult and the capacity of the sweeping system decreased accordingly. After the Cosmos was dismissed, the Hein and the Smal Agt continued to combat the scattered oil slicks. In total, approximately 1,440 m3 were eventually removed from the sea surface, of which approximately 790 m3 was pure water-free oil. No further oil of significance was observed on Saturday June 12 and the opinion was that the combat activities had been effective at sea and the coast had been protected from extensive oil pollution. However, that Sunday oil washed up on the Dutch coast. The submerged oil, due to its higher specific gravity, floats invisibly under the water surface and was driven toward the coast by strong on-shore winds and currents.

scholarly journals THE UNDERWATER TRAJECTORY BEHAVIOUR OF HEAVY OIL JET IN CROSS-FLOW FROM A BROKEN SURFACE PIPELINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Portia Felix
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Buoyant Jet ◽  
Injection Point

Oil spill occurrences continue to raise varying questions and concerns about their impact on and behaviour in the marine environment as they have the potential to cause unfavourable environmental, economic and social impacts. Understanding the behaviour of oil interactions with the ocean and nearby coastal environments is crucial in maintaining a reasonable relationship between relevant stakeholders. For this purpose, oil spill numerical models are useful for predicting the movement and distribution of oil in any receiving marine environment. As a first attempt, this paper presents a very crude oil plume model to simulate the underwater behaviour of a heavy crude oil which originates from an injection point source protruding the water surface discharging heavy oil into a receiving water body of shallow water depth. Most of the existing surface oil spill models do not cater for spills that initially behave as a jet at the water surface which is an essential feature of this hypothetical oil spill scenario. The study sets a specific focus on simulating the underwater suspension and horizontal movement of an oil plume originating from a spill initially behaving as a positively buoyant jet. The model is based on a two-dimensional modified form of the classical Navier-Stokes equations and discretized using the Projection method. The model is applied in a rectangular domain with suitable boundary conditions and parameterizations to observe the underwater oil trajectory behaviour. The model is verified using a benchmark fluid flow problem and its results show reasonable relationship of specific gravity with depth. The ultimate contribution of the study can provide insights necessary for oil spill cleanup decisions as oil behaviour of this nature may pollute the underlying water.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF EQUIPMENT FOR RAPID REFLOTATION OF SPILLED ORIMULSION®

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1317-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Hvidbak ◽  
P. Masciangioli
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Rapid Formation ◽  
Marine Terminals ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
Great Force

ABSTRACT An Orimulsion® spill will behave differently to an oil spill by initially going into suspension as microscopic surfactant coated bitumen particles in the upper 2–3 meters below the sea surface. In case of spills at Orimulsion® marine terminals or nearshore, it is important to be able to rapidly refloat the bitumen. In this way, the spill could be converted to and treated as a conventional heavy oil spill, using booms and heavy oil skimmers. Previous tests by INTEVEP and BITOR indicated that agitation, air injection, and splashing are important for a rapid formation and reflotation of bitumen droplets. This developed into the Forced Adhesion and Flotation (FAF) concept. However, besides the effect of a centrifugal pump's agitation, air injection received the major attention until it was discovered that the splashing effect was as important and at the same time simpler and less costly to employ. As a result, the PNP Orimulsion® Refloater was developed: a floating submerged or nonsubmerged centrifugal pump that sucks from beneath the water surface and with great force discharges vertically up against a splash cover, from where the water splashes back to the surface. Enhanced agitation and very strong aeration causes a very efficient reflotation.

scholarly journals Revisit of a Case Study of Spilled Oil Slicks Caused by the Sanchi Accident (2018) in the East China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Zhehao Yang ◽  
Weizeng Shao ◽  
Yuyi Hu ◽  
Qiyan Ji ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East China Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Spatial Coverage

Marine oil spills occur suddenly and pose a serious threat to ecosystems in coastal waters. Oil spills continuously affect the ocean environment for years. In this study, the oil spill caused by the accident of the Sanchi ship (2018) in the East China Sea was hindcast simulated using the oil particle-tracing method. Sea-surface winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), currents simulated from the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), and waves simulated from the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) were employed as background marine dynamics fields. In particular, the oil spill simulation was compared with the detection from Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The validation of the SWAN-simulated significant wave height (SWH) against measurements from the Jason-2 altimeter showed a 0.58 m root mean square error (RMSE) with a 0.93 correlation (COR). Further, the sea-surface current was compared with that from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2), yielding a 0.08 m/s RMSE and a 0.71 COR. Under these circumstances, we think the model-simulated sea-surface currents and waves are reliable for this work. A hindcast simulation of the tracks of oil slicks spilled from the Sanchi shipwreck was conducted during the period of 14–17 January 2018. It was found that the general track of the simulated oil slicks was consistent with the observations from the collected GF-3 SAR images. However, the details from the GF-3 SAR images were more obvious. The spatial coverage of oil slicks between the SAR-detected and simulated results was about 1 km2. In summary, we conclude that combining numerical simulation and SAR remote sensing is a promising technique for real-time oil spill monitoring and the prediction of oil spreading.

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