scholarly journals Heavy Metals Content of Common Tubers from Selected Farm Locations in Enugu North District, South East, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fredrick C. Asogwa ◽  
Ebo Paul ◽  
Gerald W. Ugodi ◽  
Chioma J. Asogwa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cu And Zn

The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, As, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yam (Dioscorea ssp), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) in four farm locations in some local government areas of Enugu North District was determined. Samples were prepared following standard procedure and digested with a 5:1:1 mixture of trioxonitrate (V) acid, tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid, and perchloric acid as previously reported. Metal concentration was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer 1100B model). The range of heavy metals concentration recorded for sweet potato in the four farm locations were 60.26±2.30-312.66±31.24 mg/kg, 20.06±1.27-40.55±4.08 mg/kg, 12.60±2.00-32.06±3.20 mg/kg, 8.20±3.00-15.00±1.07 mg/kg, 0.05±0.07-0.80±1.27 mg/kg, 0.07±0.42-0.18±0.42 mg/kg, 0.01±0.20-0.09±0.03 mg/kg and 0.02±0.07-0.03±0.08 mg/kg respectively for Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, As and Cd while the range in yam was 18.46±2.05-380.20±10.97 mg/kg, 44.20±4.99-66.30±3.87 mg/kg, 17.80±2.18-56.08±6.73 mg/kg, 12.00±2.00-42.30±0.06 mg/kg, 0.01±0.32-0.42±0.27 mg/kg, 0.02±0.07-0.20±0.12 mg/kg, 0.04±2.03-0.10±0.00 mg/kg and 0.01±0.07-0.08±0.47 mg/kg for Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Cd respectively. In cassava, the concentration range was 74.20±10.97-312.20±31.20 mg/kg, 14.20±1.29-38.22±6.07 mg/kg, 10.88±3.03-32.00±0.70 mg/kg, 3.20±0.20-11.20±1.09 mg/kg, 0.01±0.20-0.18±1.27 mg/kg, 0.02±0.03-0.12±0.07 mg/kg, 0.01±0.03-0.10±0.07 mg/kg and 0.03±0.00-0.05±0.42 mg/kg for Mn, Ni, Zn,Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and As respectively. While Cd was not detected in farm location B and D in all the tuber samples, arsenic was detected in all the samples except in cassava cultivated in farm location B. All the heavy metals analyzed were each below the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible concentration except chromium which was slightly higher than the recommended limit of 0.05 mg/kg. Apart from 0.80±1.27 mg/kg Cr recorded for sweet potato cultivated in location C, the concentration of chromium in all the tubers were below the China’s State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) permissible limit of 0.5 mg/kg. Hence, risk assessment of Cr intake was recommended to ascertain the level of human exposure to Cr through the consumption of these tubers in the study area

Rabies Prophylaxis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-822
Author(s):  
George M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Considering that the article "Rabies: Rare Disease, Serious Problem" in the May 1970 Pediatrics1 was published under "Diagnosis and Treatment," it was disappointing that the importance of passive immunization or use of antirabies horse serum was mentioned only briefly in passing. The Sixth Technical Report of the World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of antirabies horse serum for potential human exposure to wildlife rabies, particularly involving bats and carnivorous animals. Personal experience pertaining to treatment of children bitten by wild animals and participation in the care of the child who died following a skunk bite2 have convinced me that the use of antirabies horse serum is not well understood or even known to many.

scholarly journals Mercury Speciation in Hair of Children in Three Communities of the Amazon, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile Salim Marinho ◽  
Marcelo Oliveira Lima ◽  
Elisabeth Conceição de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Iracina Maura de Jesus ◽  
Maria da Conceição N. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
World Health ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

Children from riverside communities located downstream of gold mining areas may be chronically exposed to relatively high levels of MeHg through the consumption of fish of this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare levels of THg and MeHg in hair of children less than 12 years in communities near mines in the municipality of Itaituba and in communities far from prospecting areas in the city of Abaetetuba. The communities of Itaituba (Barreiras and São Luiz do Tapajós) had THg mean levels of5.64±5.55 μg·g−1(0.43–27.82) and11.41±7.16 μg.g−1(1.08–28.17), respectively, and an average count of MeHg relative to THg of 92.20% and 90.27%, respectively. In the Maranhão community, the THg average concentrations results were2.27±2.11 μg·g−1(0.13–9.54) and the average values were 93.17% for MeHg. Children of Itaituba had average levels of mercury above the limit established by the World Health Organization (10 μg·g−1) and the strong correlation coefficient between the communities (R=0.968andP=0.0001) suggests the hair as an excellent biomarker of human exposure to organic mercury in riverside populations of the Tapajós, which has the intake of fish daily as main source of protein dietary.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment of mechanically milled delicacy called fufu

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Asantewah Nkansah ◽  
Patrica-Ivy Agorsor ◽  
Francis Opoku
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Questionnaire Administration ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Exposure Routes ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractContamination of food by heavy metals is a concern as consumption of contaminated food is one of the most likely human exposure routes to metals. Fufu is a delicacy in Ghana consumed mainly by the Akans. Human exposure to some heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni) through mechanically processed fufu consumption was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and ascertaining consumer awareness of potential exposure by questionnaire administration. A total of 30 milled and un-milled fufu samples (cassava and plantain) were sampled from Bomso, Kotei, Ayeduase, Ayigya and Kentikrono, all within Kumasi. The results showed that Fe and Zn levels after milling were elevated in the range: 2.816–7.297 and 0.753–7.529 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Fe and Zn were below the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) permissible limits except Zn concentration at Bomso. Cr, Mn and Ni were below the detection limit (0.05). Hazard quotients and indices were less than the US Environmental Protection Agency’s permitted level of one, indicating no possible harm to consumers. Findings from the questionnaire administration indicated a complete lack of knowledge on consumer exposure due to the food processing method.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN THE STREET DUST IN SOME SELECTED LOCATIONS IN ZARIA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Suleman H. Nimyel ◽  
M. M. Namadi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

The study investigate the level of heavy metal concentration in street dust in some selected locations in Zaria metropolis, by monitoring the concentration of Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Copper (Cu) for eight weeks. Street dust samples were collected by placing polyethylene bags on randomly selected roof tops and road sides at 20 cm to 30 cm to form composite sample. Sample collected were pre-treated and digested using standard procedure. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Results obtained showed that the concentration of Cr range from 16.670 ±2.20 μg/g to 31.895 ±1.845 μg/g, Cd concentration range from 0.280 ±0.042 μg/g to 1.900 ± 1.202 μg/g, Ni concentration range from 1.560 ±0.254 μg/g to 5.880 ±1.173 μg/g, Pb concentration range from 22.290 ±2.248 μg/g to 95.485 ±3.019 μg/g, Cu concentration range from 0.225 ±0.063 μg/g to 1.280 ±0.353 μg/g. The concentration of all heavy metals are below the limit set be World Health Organization (WHO) and therefore do not pose any health risk to humans. In sampled areas, the main sources of these heavy metals were anthropogenic activities such as open waste incineration, vehicle traffic, and ongoing construction at certain locations.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Groundwater: A Case Study of the Wa Municipality

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Hamidatu S. Darimani ◽  
Jonathan Kwofie ◽  
Justine G. Tuolong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Company ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
The World ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Wa Municipality

Water is a basic need for both domestic and industrial purposes. Regardless of the source of water it should not be contaminated. The purpose of this study is to establish the presence of heavy metals contaminants in groundwater in the Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study is an experiment of six (6) sample units which include: three (3) boreholes, two (2) wells and a sample from the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) reservoir. The findings showed that Nitrite in JH1 (3.65 mg/l) and Iron in BM1 (1.365 mg/l) were beyond the benchmarks while other parameters in the rest of the sample units were within the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Notwithstanding, the test was not significant (p = 0.359) at alpha 0.05 two tail test. The study concludes that the groundwater in the Wa Municipality is not much contaminated and is safe for drinking with minimum treatment.

scholarly journals HEAVY METAL CADMIUM (Cd) AND LEAD (Pb) IN VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) COLLECTED FROM TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN MEDAN CITY, INDONESIA

AQUASAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Eri Yusni ◽  
Tri Pardiana Setiani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Shrimp Sample ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Maximum Limit

The presence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment must be monitored continuously. This study aims to determine the amount of heavy metal content of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) on Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Determining the value of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) using an AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) device. It is known that the highest Cd content in the sample 4 (market pancing) which is worth 0.011 mg/kg, and the lowest is in the sample 6 (market sei kambing) which is worth 0.004 mg/kg. The value of the highest Pb value is found in the sample 3 (market merah) worth 0.019 and the lowest value is the sample 5 (market petisah) worth 0.008. So that the results of these tests can be concluded, that the content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in each sample of vaname shrimp is classified as low according to the World Health Organization (WHO), namely the maximum limit of Cd is 5.0 and the maximum limit of Pb is 2.0 while according to EUROPEAN UNION the limit of calcium Cd is 0.2 and the maximum limit of Pb is 0.5 because the vaname shrimp sample is still safe for consumption and can be an export commodity.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentrations in Five Brands of Lip Gloss and Mascara Cosmetics Sold and Used in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1223-1227
Author(s):  
M.A. Akpe ◽  
R.C. Anozie ◽  
F.P. Inezi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
A Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This study is evaluated the concentration of some toxic heavy metals present in selected cosmetics sold and used in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeriausing aFlame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), VGP 210 (BUCK Scientific) Model. The result revealed that the average  concentration of the metals in mg/L ranged thus: Cadmium (0.012- 0.046), Chromium (0.002- 0.022), Lead (0.004- 0.024) and Nickel (0.140- 0.416). The concentration of Arsenic and Mercury was not detected, and were considered string variables in this study. From the results, the concentration of the metals detected were within the permissible limit of the World Health Organization (WHO) except Cadmium that was slightly above the WHO limit in one of the samples with a value of 0.046 mg/L. These results indicate that the selected cosmetics used in Calabar contains low amounts of the heavy metals analyzed in this study and may not pose any health risk for now, except that the accumulation of such little amounts over timedue to prolonged use of these cosmetics may cause harm. Keywords: Concentration, Heavy metals, Cosmetics, Calabar

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