THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF PURSE SEINE FISHERMAN IN BANABUNGI VILLAGE, KADATUA DISTRICT, SOUTH BUTON REGENCY

Fisherman are a group of people who are highly dependent on the fisheries resources in their efforts to fulfill their basic needs and to be a prosper. The outbreak of the Covid-19 not only threatens people’s lives and safety, but also has a significant impact on economic development both of which are macro and micro to be weakened. This research aims to determine the impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Fishing activities, incomes, and marketing activities of purse seiner. The research was conducted on October 2020 in the Banabungi Village, Kadatua Subdistrict, South Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results show that the impact of the Covid-19 has affected purse seiner’s fishing activities where production costs have increased by 4,62%, The of crews (ABK) have increased by 19,69%, and marketing at channel I (Producer-Wholesale)stopped. Consequently, where the change in fish price at fishemen level by 79,75%. The margin of marketing at channel II at wholesale level is IDR 5.556/kg. Meanwhile, at retail level is IDR 8.267/kg. Production was decreased by 79,93%, revenue decreased by 64,06% and profit decreased by 68,26% with value of R/C ratio 3.70 >1. The fishing location of fishermen has not change as in the previous year. Marketing volume during the peak fishing season is 14.809kg/month.

DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF GASTROPODS IN KAWAL AND PENGUDANG BEACH, BINTAN REGENCY

Kawal Beach and Pengudang Beach are sandy beaches located in Bintan Regency, Kepualauan Riau Province. The two beaches have almost similar activities, is there are fishermen settlements. The difference is that Kawal Beach is located around beach tourism activities, while Pengudang Beach has no beach tourism activities. The purpose of this study was to understand how diversity and abundance gastropods in Kawal and Pengudang beach, then the similarity-based Bray-Curtis similarity in both locations. The method of determining the research location at Kawal Beach and Pengudang Beach is purposive sampling. The gastropod samples were collecting use transect with a quadrat of 1 m2 at the lowest tide zone along 100 meters toward the sea. They were taken by hand then put into a labeled zip lock plastic. Samples were then identified, documented and their diversity and abundance were calculated. A total of 42 species of gastropods were identified belonging to 15 families with an abundance index 3433 ind/m2 for Kawal Beach and 1564 ind/m2 for Pengudang Beach. Diversity of gastropods species are (H’) 1,83; (E) 0,5; and (C) 0,3 for Kawal Beach, (H’) 2,55; (E) 0,7; and (C) 0,1 for Pengudang Beach. Bray-Curtis similarity shown is PK1-PP1=0,33; PK2-PP2 = 0,34; and PK3-PP3 = 0,15. This study is important in providing information on gastropods that live in the Kawal dan Pengudang beach. For future research should focus on temporal research in more depth to provide knowledge of gastropods communities and their ecological importance.

FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF PURSE SEINE FISHERIES IN BALIMU VILLAGE, SOUTH LASALIMU OF BUTON REGENCY

Purse siene fishery is a capital-intensive and labor-intensive business, but it carries considerable business risk due to climate change, increased operating costs, decreased fish stocks and unstable fish prices. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial feasibility of a purse seine fishery business in Buton Waters. This research was conducted in October 2020 in Balimu Village, South Lasalimu District, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study used a survey method using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitative. The results showed that the average amount of profit earned during the peak fishing season was IDR 277,263,939 / month. The NPV value is IDR 4,021,035,338 (> 0), the Net B / C Ratio value is 6.63 (> 1), the R/C Ratio value is 6.10 (> 1), the IRR value is 2.87 ( > 15% interest rate), the payback period is 8 months and 5 days, and the ROI value is 2.31%. Thus, purse seine fishery activities in Balimu Village, South Lasalimu Subdistrict during the peak fishing season are financially feasible.

DISTRIBUTION AND ESTIMATION OF HEAVY METAL (PB) CONTAMINATION LEVELS IN THE WATER AND SEDIMENT BONDET ESTUARY, CIREBON

The water and sediment caused by heavy metal has become a major problem in coastal areas. Heavy metals released into the water binds to particulate matter, accumulate into sediments and its predicted by the pollution assessment method. The aims of this research was to investigate the distribution and contamination levels of Pb in water and sediments of Bondet Estuary. Water and sediments samples were collected from four stations in September 2020. The monitoring data of water quality status, contamination factor (CF), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to provide a assessment of the Pb contamination. The concentration of Pb in water at all stations (0,024-0,031 mg/L) was higher than the standard surface water, with the status is lightly polluted (class B). CF index for all stations 1 ≤ CF <3 indicates moderate Pb contamination in the sediment, while Igeo for each station is <0, which means no contamination. Overall when referring to some guidelines for sediment standards, Pb concentrations at all stations were still below the standard value for sediment. This study provides a basis for assessing future conditions and risks, so that it can contribute to the management and evaluation of heavy metal contamination in the Bondet Estuary.

DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE WATERS OF KELAGIAN LUNIK ISLAND PADANG CERMIN DISTRICT PESAWARAN REGENCY

Kelagian Lunik Island is located in Pesawaran Regency which has three ecosystems that are mangrove, seagrass, and beaches ecosystems. These three ecosystems affect the survival of one of the biotas living on the substrate of the water that is macrozoobenthos. Macrozoobenthos are invertebrate biota that live on the base of the substrate or inside the substrate. The role that is large enough in the aquatic ecosystem is to describe the organic matter that falls to the water base. It is therefore the research to study the diversity and abundance of macrozoobenthos. This research was conducted in December 2019 to January 2020 located on Kelagian Lunik Island, Padang Cermin District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The method is purposive sampling at five stations with three repetitions. The results show that the highest abundance found in the species Tellina perna with 2880 ind/m3 on Station 1, Nassarius globosus with 1851 ind/m3 on station 2, and Marshalora adversa with 1645 ind/m3, 2674 ind/m3, and 1851 ind/m3 at stations 3, 4 and 5. The biodiversity of macrozoobenthos such as the index of diversity and uniformity in the waters of Kelagian Lunik Island is relatively high and the dominant index is relatively low thereby the condition of the water can fit in the good category.

GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) PL-10 ON DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITY

Litopenaeus vannamei is a commercial shrimp that has high economic value. In recent years, the main commodity contributing to the aquaculture sector in Indonesia is vaname shrimp. Vaname shrimp cultivation aims to meet the increasing market demand. One of the factors that influence the success of vaname shrimp cultivation is the stocking density. This study aims to determine the growth and viability of PL-10 vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fry at different stocking densities. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). There were 4 treatments, namely P1 with a stocking density of 75 heads / 40 liters, P2 with a stocking density of 150 heads / 40 liters, P3 with a stocking density of 225 heads / 40 liters, and P4 with a stocking density of 300 heads / 40 liters, respectively. 4 repetitions. The research data were analyzed using statistical analysis Univariate One Way Analysis of Variance at 5% level with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the highest daily growth rate was obtained in treatment P1 with an average value of 26.836 ± 0.745% / day, the highest daily length growth rate was obtained in treatment P1 with an average value of 6.719 ± 0.103% / day, the highest absolute weight growth was obtained at treatment P1. P1 treatment with an average value of 0.031 ± 0.027 gram, absolute length growth was obtained in treatment P1 with an average value of 23.025 ± 0.667 mm, the highest survival rate was obtained in treatment P2 with an average value of 96.333 ± 3.549%, but not different real with treatment P2 (93.333 ± 3.443%) and treatment P4 (92.417 ± 2.062). The conclusion of this study is that stocking density has a significant effect on the growth of vannamei shrimp which are being maintained at the PL-10 stage. The best stocking density in this study was P1 treatment (75 fish / 40 liters).

Invasive Status of Tarebia Granifera Based on Density of Population in River of Gunung Sejuk Village, South Buton Regency

This research was conducted from May to August 2020, located in the Wandoke Watershed, Gunung Sejuk Village, South Buton Regency. This study aims to analyze the invasive status of the alien species Tarebia granifera based on the perspective of its population density in the river of Gunung Sejuk village. This research is intended to examine the dominance of T. granifera species to local gastropod commodities in the typical habitats and niches of the Wandoke river. Determination of the station or location of the observation begins with a preliminary survey, making it easier to select and determine research stations. Determination of research stations using purposive sampling technique or method of designating stations deliberately, based on the presence of invasive alien species populations of T. granifera and T. granifera sampling using simple random sampling or T. granifera sampling is done randomly in a square transect measuring 100 m2 , using a quadratic transect measuring 1 m2, with the assumption that each point in the transect measuring 100 m2 has homogeneous conditions. The population density of T. granifera at each station in the months of May - August (Spatial and Temporal) shows the size is not much different, where the density range is 21 ind/m2- 43.33 ind/m2. The results of measurement and population density analysis of T. granifera in the waters of the Wandoke river, Gunung Sejuk village is the massive empirical evidence of the invasive pattern of the thiaridae snail.

Coral Reef Fishes Biodiversity In Pahawang Island,Pesawaran District Lampung

The components of coral reef ecosystem can be described by the unique regulation in community level. Coral reef fishes use coral reef as their habitat and they highly depend on coral reef health. Otherwise, the condition of coral reef health can be predicted by the biodiversity of coral reef fishes. The research aim was describe communities differences between two explored area in marine tourism spots in Pahawang Island. This research was conducted on November 2019 at two stations on the coral reefs ecosystem of Pahawang Island represented the two quitely different area, the marine tourism and the visitor areas. The coral reef fishes were observed by using visual census method with a Line Transect length of 30 meters and a visibility of 2.5 meters left and right of the transect. Coral reef fish community structure was measured by diversity, similarity, and dominancy indexes. A total of 1.940 coral reef fish species from 13 families were recorded. Pomacentridae is the most speciose family (1.091 species), followed by Siganidae (308 species) and Labridae (166 species). Biodiversity of coral reef fishes at Pahawang Island showed results diversity index (H') in both observation stations classified as medium with a low dominance index value (C) and similarity index (E) at both stations classified as high, presumably as a result of tourism activities. The diversity index at station 2 has a greater value than station 1 as a tourist area with diving and snorkeling tourism activities, at station 2 there are more types or genus of reef fish, compared to station 1.

Effect Utilization Mangrove Rhizophora Sp Fruit Extract in Production of Coffee Powder in Perspective of Water Content and Organoleptic Test

Utilization of mangrove seeds is not as popular the use of wood tree. Utilization of wood from mangrove tree is used as raw material for making charcoal and building materials.The local community rarely uses mangrove seeds for food, drinks, scrubs and coloring. This is not enough of public knowledge about the benefits of mangrove seeds. The public mindset that the only sources of carbohydrates are rice and corn. There is not much knowledge about the potential and benefits of mangrove seeds as a coffee drink. The research method used in this research is experimental research. In this experiment, 3 repetitions of treatment and 3 replications. Water content data in the mangrove seed ground coffee was tested by normality test. The proximate test results show ash content of 1 to 4% when averaged is 2.6%. While the general requirement for roasted coffee (SNI.01.2983-1992) is 7-14% ash content. The color of coffee is influenced by the value of the extract content of the coffee, water soluble coffee juice will give it a deep black color ( Pastiniasih, 2012). The juice content of magrove coffee is high enough for each treatment so that the steeping gives a visually visible black color.

Fish Plaza as a Centre of Fisheries Product Trading in Tuban Regency, East Java

The purpose of this research is to find out how Plaza Ikan encourages fish traders to increase their business. One of the efforts of the Tuban Regency Government to increase the added value of fish products is to establish a fish Plaza. The fish plaza is an integrated fish auction place that is packaged in a modern way and integrates with the sale of fresh fish, smoked fish and various processed fish. With the concept of integration, it is hoped that the economy of Tuban fishermen will improve. The research method used a qualitative descriptive method, while the data collection using interviews and questionnaire techniques. Of the 30 respondents who answered everyday trading at the fish plaza, 20 respondents strongly agreed, 7 respondents agreed and 3 respondents were doubtful. A comfortable place to sell, 17 respondents strongly agree, 8 respondents agree, 3 respondents doubt, 2 respondents disagree. Profits are increasing, 5 respondents disagreed, 25 respondents strongly disagreed. The consumers are many and varied, 12 respondents strongly agree, 5 respondents agree, 3 respondents doubt, 4 respondents disagree, 6 respondents strongly disagree