scholarly journals Determinants of Adaptation Strategies of Agricultural Farmers to Climate Change Vulnerability in Odisha

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Welfare Losses

Climate change poses severe threat to agriculture sector in terms of welfare losses especially for marginal & smallholder farmers whose main source of livelihood derives from agriculture. It is required to neutralize the potential adverse effects of climate change if welfare losses to this vulnerable segment of the society are to be avoided. So this study aims to assess the agricultural farmers’ vulnerability and determine quantitatively the factors that contribute in adaptation strategies. To accomplish the stated objective, primary surveys of agricultural farmers are designed and data are collected to analyse the results using probit regression model. The study is conducted in the Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha, India. For the study, a total of 197 farmers’ households were surveyed and to assess the vulnerability of farmers’ household to climate change, IPCC-LVI approach is used. Then to identify the determinants of adaptation strategies, a regression model is run using probit model. The results reveal that farmers are moderately vulnerable to climate change in the study area. Further, marginal & small farmers are relatively more vulnerable than medium and large farmers to climate change. It is observed that size of the farm, income level, access to credit facilities, extension training and access to climate & weather information are important determinants of adaptation strategies of farmers. Therefore, the study concludes that better credit facilities, extension training facilities and dissemination of climate information may be done through policy intervention for more adaptation strategies by farmers.

scholarly journals Determinants of smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to the effects of climate change: Evidence from northern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Atube ◽  
Geoffrey M. Malinga ◽  
Martine Nyeko ◽  
Daniel M. Okello ◽  
Simon Peter Alarakol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Abstract Background Climate change poses a threat to the sustainability of food production among small-scale rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa that are dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Understanding farmers’ adaptations and the determinants of their adaptation strategies is crucial in designing realistic strategies and policies for agricultural development and food security. The main objectives of this study were to identify the adaptation strategies used by smallholder farmers to counter the perceived negative effects of climate change in northern Uganda, and factors influencing the use of specific adaptation strategies. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed to collect data from 395 randomly selected smallholder farmers’ household heads across two districts by the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing farmers’ adaptation to climate change. Results The three most widely practiced adaptation strategies were planting of different crop varieties, planting drought-resistant varieties, and fallowing. Results of the binary logit regression model revealed that marital status of household head, access to credit, access to extension services, and farm income influenced farmers’ adoption of planting drought-resistant varieties as an adaptation strategy while access to credit, annual farm income, and time taken to market influenced adoption of planting improved seeds. Gender of household head and farm income had a positive influence on farmers’ adoption of fertilizer and pesticide use. Farming experience, farm income, and access to extension services and credit influenced farmers’ adoption of tree planting. Household size, farming experience, and time taken to market had positive influence on the use of fallowing, while size of land cultivated significantly influenced farmers’ planting of different crop varieties as an adaptation strategy. Conclusion Findings of the study suggest there are several factors that work together to influence adoption of specific adaptation strategies by smallholder farmers. This therefore calls for more effort from government to strengthen the provision of agricultural extension services by improving its climate information system, providing recommended agricultural inputs and training farmers on best agronomic practices to enhance their holistic adaptation to the effect of climate change.

Determinants of Relevant Constraints Inhibiting Farmers’ Adoption of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962093483
Author(s):  
KT Thinda ◽  
AA Ogundeji ◽  
JA Belle ◽  
TO Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Multivariate Probit Model ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

The adverse effects of climate change on agricultural productivity are on the increase. This study employed both descriptive statistics and the multivariate probit model to estimate factors constraining the adoption of climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in the study area. The empirical results of the multivariate probit model showed that a lack of knowledge of climate change constraints was influenced by smallholder farmers’ age, gender, off-farm activity, susceptibility and membership in farmer-based organizations. Thus, to improve the adaptive capacity of farmers, government and development partners should work together to improve the conditions under which farmers can gain access to climate change information and suitable agricultural credit as well as policy incentives aimed at lowering the stringent conditions of borrowing in the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Determinants of adaptation strategies to climate change among the smallholder farmers in Adama District, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-476
Author(s):  
Hurgesa Hundera Hirpha ◽  
Sylvester Mpandeli ◽  
Amare Bantider
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The Ethiopian economy is mainly based on the rain-fed agriculture practiced by smallholder farmers. The sector is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. This study aims to examine the determinants of adaptation strategies to climate change among the smallholder farmers in Adama District, Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect quantitative data using questionnaire with 351 randomly selected smallholder farmers. To collect qualitative data focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations were also used. Triangulated with thematic analysis, descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used for the analysis. Findings The result indicated that the majority of the smallholder farmers use at least one climate change adaptation strategy in their local areas though the strategy is generally weak. In this regard, some of the dominant climate change adaptation activities identified in the study area are using improved crop varieties, planting trees, watershed management, adjusting planting date and terracing. The result from binary logistic regression model showed that age and sex of household head, as well as their education, family size, access to agricultural extension services and training on climate change significantly influence the practices of adaptation measures. Originality/value This study would help the practitioners to modify the existing weak adaptation activities by introducing advanced and technological-based adaptation strategies to the rural farming communities.

scholarly journals Psychological capital and climate change adaptation: Empirical evidence from smallholder farmers in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Unity Chipfupa ◽  
Aluwani Tagwi ◽  
Edilegnaw Wale
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Common Framework

There are calls for better empirical models to inform climate change adaptation in smallholder agriculture. Hitherto adaptation studies have failed to comprehensively integrate non-cognitive behavioural factors (e.g. psychological capital), and there is also no common framework for measuring non-cognitive abilities of smallholder farmers. Hence, this study is the first attempt to assess how psychological capital affects climate change adaptation amongst smallholder farmers. The study estimated the multivariate probit regression model using data collected from 328 smallholder farmers in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. The results show an association between some psychological capital indicators and smallholder adaptation decisions. Social networks, having multiple farming objectives, access to credit and the type of farmer (irrigators vs. non-irrigators) were also significant in determining smallholders’ adaptation decisions. In conclusion, the study recommends the need for practical ways for enhancing smallholders’ endowment with key non-cognitive abilities. There is also a need for researchers to develop a comprehensive framework for assessing non-cognitive factors critical for climate change adaptation. This will improve the use of positive psychology theories to advance the literature on climate change adaptation. Support should also be provided to communities facing higher risks of climate change adaptation. More focus should also be given to improve smallholder farmers’ ability to adapt, including access to affordable credit. The role of social networks in information sharing remains critical, and hence their promotion should be prioritised. The findings on multiple objectives in farming were unique to climate change adaptation research, and hence the indicator should be considered in future similar studies.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of Smallholder Farmers to Climate Change-Induced Shocks in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Titay Zeleke ◽  
Fekadu Beyene ◽  
Temesgen Deressa ◽  
Jemal Yousuf ◽  
Temesgen Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

Vulnerability assessment varies widely across households, countries, and regions. Though many previous studies assessed vulnerability to climate change, their unit of analysis was aggregate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate change at the household level and identify its determinant factors in east Hararghe zone. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select districts, kebeles, and sample respondents. Vulnerability as expected poverty approach was used to measure household-level vulnerability. Logit model was also used to assess factors contributing to households’ vulnerability. The study revealed that 73% of households were vulnerable to climate-induced shocks. Households with better farm experience, land size, livestock ownership, access to credit, access to extension service, social capital, access to climate information, non-farm income, and headed by a male were not vulnerable to climate change; whereas households who were living in low and midland agro-ecologies, far from the market, and participating in productive safety-net programs were vulnerable to climate change. The study indicated that the vulnerability of smallholder farmers was sensitive to the minimum income required to maintain daily life. Income-generating activities that supplement farm income should be well designed in policy to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Determinants of corn farmers to adapt to climate change impacts in Sagbayan, Bohol, Philippines

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Zyra May Centino ◽  
Arvin Vista
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The need to adapt to the negative impacts of climate change is urgent especially in the agriculture sector. However, there have been no published reports whether upland corn farmers are applying climate change adaptation strategies. This study sampled 91 upland corn farmers in Sagbayan, Bohol, Philippines to determine the factors affecting their decision to employ adaptations strategies. The adaptation strategies are those soil and water management and conservation techniques employed by farmers, which is modelled using binary logistic regression. The average age of the respondents was 56 years old. Respondents have been in corn production for an average period of 30 years. More than 50% of their annual household income comes from farming (PhP 25,393). Results showed that gender, farm income, total land used in farming and value of farm assets were the determinants of farmers’ use of adaptation strategies. Overall, corn farmers are knowledgeable of the impacts of climate change; however, employment of adaptation strategies is minimal. Hence, intervention should focus on programs that will increase probability of farmers employing adaptation strategies. Such programs may include farm-to-market roads to minimize post-harvest losses, setting of farmer field school and information drive.

scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Choice of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices to Adapt to Climate Change in Masaba South Sub-County, Kisii, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Jared O. Nyang’au ◽  
Jema H. Mohamed ◽  
Nelson Mango ◽  
Clifton Makate ◽  
Alex N. Wangeci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Change Perception ◽  
Climate Change Perception

Aims: This study evaluated determinants that influence choice of Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices among smallholder farmers in Masaba South sub-county, Kisii, Kenya. Study Design: This study used a multivariate probit model to evaluate determinants that influence farmers’ choice of CSA practices. Place and Duration of Study: Masaba South sub-county, Kisii, Kenya between the second week of April 2019 and the last week of May 2019. Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 196 households, 3 focused group discussions and 7 key informant interviews. Information such as socio-economic, land ownership, climate change perception, crop production practices and institutional characteristics were collected from the households. Results: The results showed that crop diversification, change of crop varieties and crop rotation and/or mixed cropping are the dominant adaptation strategies in the study area. Access to credit, farm income, climate change perception and household size have a significant positive influence on adoption of most CSA practices. Small-sized farms, lack of access to extension services, level of education and inaccessibility to weather and climate information were major barriers influencing adoption of CSA practices. Conclusion: To reduce vulnerability of smallholder farmers to impacts of climate variability and change, the study recommends the need to enhance increased access to extension services and timely dissemination of climate information to farmers in the form they can easily understand and decode.

scholarly journals Building climate change resilience through adaptation in smallholder farming systems in semi-arid Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obert Jiri ◽  
Paramu L. Mafongoya ◽  
Pauline Chivenge
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Decisions

Purpose This study aimed to determine factors that increase resilience and cause smallholder farmers to adapt better to climate change and vulnerability. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors used the vulnerability to resilience model and binary logit model to analyse the factors influencing household decisions to adapt. Findings Households with increased access to climate information through extension services were likely to have better adaptation abilities. It was also shown that younger farmers were likely to adapt to climate change given their flexibility to adopt new techniques and their access and use of modern information and technology. Larger households were found to have higher probability of adapting as most adaptation strategies are labour intensive. Household’s possession of livestock and access to credit significantly enhanced adaptation. However, households with higher farm income have lesser incentives to adapt to because their current farming practices might already be optimum. Research limitations/implications Given that most of the smallholder farmers are vulnerable, such as women-headed households and the elderly, who are labour constrained, there is need for research and development of labour saving technologies to increase resilience to climate change and vulnerability. Originality/value These findings underscore the importance of enabling farmer access to information and better technologies which enable them to increase adaptive capacity and resilience.

Perceptions of and Adaptations to Climate Change, Determinants and Barriers Among Pastoralists in Inner Mongolia, Arid and Semi-Arid Region of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Huamin Liu ◽  
Xuhua Liu ◽  
Zhichao Xu ◽  
Lu Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Climate change is going to be one that presents major challenges facing pastoral system, especially in arid and semi-arid region. How pastoralists perceive and adapt has become increasingly important part in providing foundation for households and governments to develop adaptation policies. This article aims to investigate the pastoralists' perceptions on climatic change variability and impacts, in addition, to explore the pastoralists' adaptation strategies and determinants using a Multivariate Probit Model, as well as barriers and needs in the adaptive process. We collected questionnaires from the pastoral areas across four districts in Inner Mongolia. The findings revealed that pastoralists' perception of the inter-annual temperature variation is relatively coincide with actual meteorological data. This study found that 11 adaptation strategies have been commonly used by pastoralists, moreover, household production capital, risk-buffering capacity, and social network influenced the pastoralists' adaptations. However, barriers remain for pastoralists, such as inadequate capital and labor, lack of water, limited access to credit, technological knowledge, and timely weather information. Further, our findings indicated that pastoralists need hazard relief fund, improved pasture facilities, technical knowledge training, active weather-based information, integrated pest and disease management and off-farm employment opportunities. This combination of our findings potentially provides some support for developing appropriate and long-term specific policies to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals Adaptation to Climate Change among Farmers in Drought-Hit Region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Alam Khan ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Shahab E. Saqib ◽  
Raza Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Atiq
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Government

Abstract The agriculture sector is the most important, however, most vulnerable to climate change in Asia and the Pacific. Droughts are one of the leading sources of disaster risks that can alter yield levels and cause sizeable productivity losses in agricultural products. In response, the farmers are adopting several climate risk management strategies. Therefore, this study aims to find out farmers’ preferences for climate change adaptation strategies and their potential determinants. Data were collected from randomly selected 200 farmers in District Nowshehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A multivariate probit model was used to assess the impacts of various factors on farmers’ decisions to adopt a particular adaptation strategy. The findings of the study revealed that rainwater harvesting, change in the planting dates, soil conservation, ponds building, and terraces with spillways were the dominant adaptation strategies found to combat the ill effects of droughts in the study area. Furthermore, the study highlighted the potential role of socio-economic attributes in the adoption of these adaptation strategies. The findings suggested that the government may extend its support to these farmers in making ponds and providing them the storage of water facilities.

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