scholarly journals The Effect of Retinoic Acid on the Development of Neural Tube at Early Stages of Chicken Embryo

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Kawakeb A. Saad ◽  
Eman A. Alsageer
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roof Plate ◽  
Neural Tube Development ◽  
Chicken Development

Aims: this study aimed to find out the effect of application of 1.5 mg\ml of retinoic acid on chicken development at different stages of neural tube development. Methodology: thirty fertile domestic Gallus gallus eggs were divided into three groups of 10 eggs for each. These groups repeated four time for four different stages HH8, HH10, HH15 and HH18. Retinoic acid (RA) or dimethyl sulphoxide (DEMSO) was injected through the air sac, and the eggs were incubated for another 24 h. Eggs were opened after 24 or 48 h of incubation, and the embryos were evaluated morphologically and histologically. Results: The results of this experiment indicated that, In control group and DEMSO group none exhibited neural tube defects neural tube (NTDs). However group treated with 1.5mg/ml of RA exhibit sever NTDs and malformed at the head, cranial and cardiac regions. Shape of the lumen and spatial arrangement of the cell populations of floor plate and roof plate of neural tube has been changed after RA treatment. Conclusion: Association of excises RA with neural tube defects was demonstrated in the present study on neurulation process during embryogenesis.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Fos and Leptin Receptor in Neural Tube Development of Offspring Under The Regulation of Energy Balance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Quan Huo ◽  
Zhi Guo Lu ◽  
Xin Ran Xing ◽  
Lu Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Neural Tube Development ◽  
Energy States

Abstract Background The occurrence of neural tube defects is a complex process in which genes, internal and external environment and other factors jointly influence and occur interactively. In this experiment, animal models of different energy balance states are constructed. To explore the mechanism of fos and leptin-leptin receptor during neural tube development of offspring under different energy states and its effect on neural tube development of offspringMethods Using gene identification technology to obtain Mex3c+/- negative energy balance mice and high-fat diet to obtain positive energy balance mice, and obtain E10.5d, E12.5d, E14.5d embryos. We will verify the expression of fos, leptin, LEPR, nestin, PAX3, and H3K27me3 proteins in the neural tube of the offspring through relevant experimental methods.Results We have successfully constructed animal models, Control group (18.82g±1.54g), Mex3c group (18.84g±1.08g), HFD group (22.61g±1.10g). Neural tube HE staining showen that compared with the Control group, the neuronal maturity of the Mex3c group and the HFD group was reduced. Immunohistochemical staining showed that both fos and leptin were expressed on the nucleus, and LEPR was expressed on the cell membrane. Western blot experiments showed that compared with the Control group, the Mex3c group and the HFD group had low expression of fos protein (P＜0.01), the Mex3c group had high expression of LEPR protein (P＜0.01) and the HFD group had high expression of LEPR protein (P＜0.01). Immunostaining experiments showed that nestin was expressed in nerve fibers, and PAX3 and H3K27me3 were both expressed in the nucleus. Western blooting experiment showed that compared with the Control group, the Mex3c group had high expression of nestin protein (P＜0.01), PAX3 protein (P＜0.01), H3K27me3 (P＜0.01), and the HFD group had high expression of nestin protein (P＜0.01). ) And PAX3 protein (P<0.01), H3K27me3 (P<0.01).ConclusionsMex3c regulates leptin and LEPR by enhancing the expression of fos mRNA to participate in the neural tube development process of offspring. The neural tube nestin, PAX3, and H3K27me3 of the offspring of Mex3c+/- mice and high-fat diet mice continue to be highly expressed. Mex3c+/- mice express low leptin, and high-fat diet mice highly express leptin; preliminary reveals the regulation of different energy states Leptin-LEPR is involved in the process of neurodevelopment. Mex3c mutant mice and mice on a high-fat diet lead to decreased neurodevelopmental maturity.

Genesis and prevention of spinal neural tube defects in the curly tail mutant mouse: involvement of retinoic acid and its nuclear receptors RAR-beta and RAR-gamma

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-691
Author(s):  
W.H. Chen ◽  
G.M. Morriss-Kay ◽  
A.J. Copp
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signalling ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Posterior Neuropore ◽  
Computerised Image Analysis ◽  
Curly Tail

A role for all-trans-retinoic acid in spinal neurulation is suggested by: (1) the reciprocal domains of expression of the retinoic acid receptors RAR-beta and RAR-gamma in the region of the closed neural tube and open posterior neuropore, respectively, and (2) the preventive effect of maternally administered retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) on spinal neural tube defects in curly tail (ct/ct) mice. Using in situ hybridisation and computerised image analysis we show here that in ct/ct embryos, RAR-beta transcripts are deficient in the hindgut endoderm, a tissue whose proliferation rate is abnormal in the ct mutant, and RAR-gamma transcripts are deficient in the tail bud and posterior neuropore region. The degree of deficiency of RAR-gamma transcripts is correlated with the severity of delay of posterior neuropore closure. As early as 2 hours following RA treatment at 10 days 8 hours post coitum, i.e. well before any morphogenetic effects are detectable, RAR-beta expression is specifically upregulated in the hindgut endoderm, and the abnormal expression pattern of RAR-gamma is also altered. These results suggest that the spinal neural tube defects which characterise the curly tail phenotype may be due to interaction between the ct gene product and one or more aspects of the retinoic acid signalling pathway.

Ectopic cross-talk between thyroid and retinoic acid signaling: A possible etiology for spinal neural tube defects

Gene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 573 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huili Li ◽  
Baoling Bai ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Yihua Bao ◽  
Jin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signaling

Reduction in the frequency of neural tube defects in splotch mice by retinoic acid

Teratology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Kapron-Brás ◽  
Daphne G. Trasler
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects

The role of retinoid-binding proteins in the generation of pattern in the developing limb, the regenerating limb and the nervous system

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maden ◽  
D. E. Ong ◽  
D. Summerbell ◽  
F. Chytil
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Commissural Axons ◽  
New Information ◽  
Mantle Layer ◽  
Developing Nervous System

We summarise existing data and describe new information on the levels and distribution of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinolbinding protein (CRBP) in the regenerating axolotl limb, the developing chick limb bud and the nervous system of the chick embryo in the light of the known morphogenetic effects of retinoids on these systems. In the regenerating limb, levels of CRABP rise 3- to 4-fold during regeneration, peaking at the time when retinoic acid (RA) is most effective at causing pattern duplications. The levels of CRBP are low. The potency of various retinoids in causing pattern respecification correlates well with the ability of these compounds to bind to CRABP. In the chick limb bud, the levels of CRABP are high and the levels of CRBP are low. Again the binding of various retinoids to CRABP correlates well with their ability to cause pattern duplications. By immunocytochemistry, we show that CRABP is present at high levels in the progress zone of the limb bud and is distributed across the anteroposterior axis in a gradient with the high point at the anterior margin. In the chick embryo, CRABP levels are high and CRBP levels are low. By immunocytochemistry, CRABP is localised primarily to the developing nervous system, labelling cells and axons in the mantle layer of the neural tube. These become the neurons of the commissural system. Also sensory axons label intensely with CRABP whereas motor axons do not and in the mixed nerves at the brachial plexus sensory and motor components can be distinguished on this basis. In the neural tube, CRBP only stains the ventral floor plate. Since the ventral floor plate may be a source of chemoattractant for commissural axons, we suggest on the basis of these staining patterns that RA may fulfill this role and thus be involved morphogenetically in the developing nervous system.

Retinoic acid-induced lumbosacral neural tube defects: myeloschisis and hamartoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
WeiSong Cai ◽  
HongYu Zhao ◽  
JunBin Guo ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
ZhengWei Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects

scholarly journals SOX19b regulates the premature neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells through EZH2-mediated histone methylation in neural tube development of zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Li ◽  
Wenjuan Zhou ◽  
Xinyue Li ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Shufang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Neural Tube Development

Abstract Objective Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most serious and common birth defects in the clinic. The SRY-related HMG box B1 (SoxB1) gene family has been implicated in different processes of early embryogenesis. Sox19b is a maternally expressed gene in the SoxB1 family that is found in the region of the presumptive central nervous system (CNS), but its role and mechanism in embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) during neural tube development have not yet been explored. Considering that Sox19b is specific to bony fish, we intended to investigate the role and mechanism of Sox19b in neural tube development in zebrafish embryos. Material and methods Morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleotides were used to construct a Sox19b loss-of-function zebrafish model. The phenotype and the expression of related genes were analysed by in situ hybridization and immunolabelling. Epigenetic modifications were detected by western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results In this study, we found that zebrafish embryos exhibited a reduced or even deleted forebrain phenotype after the expression of the Sox19b gene was inhibited. Moreover, we found for the first time that knockdown of Sox19b reduced the proliferation of NSCs; increased the transcription levels of Ngn1, Ascl1, HuC, Islet1, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors; and led to premature differentiation of NSCs. Finally, we found that knockdown of Sox19b decreased the levels of EZH2/H3K27me3 and decreased the level of H3K27me3 at the promoters of Ngn1 and ascl1a. Conclusion Together, our data demonstrate that Sox19b plays an essential role in early NSC proliferation and differentiation through EZH2-mediated histone methylation in neural tube development. This study established the role of transcription factor Sox19b and epigenetic factor EZH2 regulatory network on NSC development, which provides new clues and theoretical guidance for the clinical treatment of neural tube defects.

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