Can India Go in for Pre- School / Pre- Verbal Eye Screening Now with Red Reflex? - A Feasibility Study

Aims: To study the feasibility and challenges for early vision screening of the 0-6 yr preverbal/ preschool children in both urban and rural settings of India using the simple Red Reflex test. Study Design:Operational research. Place and Duration of Study: Four settings (two urban and two rural) were designed to target the 0-6year old children. Model I .Pre School (Urban slum Population), Model II. Health Centre (Urban Hospital), Model III. Immunization OPD of Municipal Hospital (Rural hospital) Model IV. Anganwadi Centre (Rural Population) was designed and conducted July 2017 –Dec 2017 (6 months). Methodology: All models were conducted as single day vision screening camps except Model III which was an opportunistic screening for a period of 3 months (July – Sept 2017). Vision screening was done using Red Reflex test and follow up was done for three months. Data was analyzed on MS Excel and expressed in proportions / percentages. Results: Maximum children (155) were screened in Model I. Out of the 301 total children screened 33 (10.96%) had abnormal Red Reflex test. The yield was maximum 6 (17.14%) in Model III. Urban health centre Model I was the most time efficient model(average 0.74 minutes/child). Conclusions: Single day screening of population based cohort is time efficient but opportunistic screening using universal immunization programme model had maximum yield.

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Erratum to ‘A state-wide population-based evaluation of cervical cancers arising during opportunistic screening in the United States’ [Gynecologic Oncology 159 (2020) 344–353]

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.04.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Landy ◽

Christopher Mathews ◽

Michael Robertson ◽

Charles L. Wiggins ◽

Yolanda J. McDonald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Opportunistic Screening ◽

Cervical Cancers ◽

Wide Population

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Corrigendum to ʻA state-wide population-based evaluation of cervical cancers arising during opportunistic screening in the United States’ [Gynecologic Oncology 159 (2020) 344–353]

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.09.020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Landy ◽

Christopher Mathews ◽

Michael Robertson ◽

Charles L. Wiggins ◽

Yolanda J. McDonald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Opportunistic Screening ◽

Cervical Cancers ◽

Wide Population

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POPULATION-BASED AND OPPORTUNISTIC SCREENING AND ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462399015445 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 649-660 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James M. Mason ◽

Paul Moayyedi ◽

Philip J. Young ◽

Sara Duffett ◽

Will Crocombe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Population Based ◽

Opportunistic Screening ◽

Test Results ◽

Data Set ◽

Limited Dependent Variable ◽

H Pylori ◽

The Cost ◽

Care Costs

Objectives: To examine whether screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori by population-based invitation or opportunistic screening by general practitioners reduces costs to the National Health Service (NHS) of treating dyspepsia.Methods: A limited dependent, variable, two-step regression analysis was used to explore the baseline annual health care costs of dyspepsia for men and women aged 40–49 enrolled in the Leeds H. pylori screening and eradication trial.Results: Epidemiological and clinical questionnaires, general practitioner notes, and 13C urea breath test results were available for 4,754 individuals. After adjusting for covariates, H. pylori was associated with a 6.7% increased probability of incurring gastrointestinal-related NHS costs (p < .0001) in the population aged 40-49. Additionally, H pylori increased average costs in those who seek medical care (p = .001). In consequence, H. pylori is associated with an average increased cost to the NHS of £0.30 per year (95% CI: £0.17 to £0.45) per adult aged 40–49. In those consulting for dyspepsia, the increased cost to the NHS was £1.04 per year (95% CI: £0.42 to £1.75) per patient. The cost of population screening and treatment would not be recovered in reduced dyspepsia costs in the lifetime of those screened. Assuming laboratory-based serology screening is used opportunistically in patients presenting with dyspepsia, it is estimated that costs would be recouped in 18 years.Conclusions: This observational data set suggests that the costs of screening and treatment in all individuals aged 40–49 or in those presenting in primary care with dyspeptic symptoms are unlikely to be attractive on the basis of cost savings alone.

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Costs and effects of conventional vision screening and photoscreening in the Dutch preventive child health care system

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa098 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Catharina P B Van der Ploeg ◽

Manon Grevinga ◽

Iris Eekhout ◽

Eline Vlasblom ◽

Caren I Lanting ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Child Health ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Child Health Care ◽

Test Duration ◽

Vision Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Preventive Child Health Care

Abstract Background Little is known about costs and effects of vision screening strategies to detect amblyopia. Aim of this study was to compare costs and effects of conventional (optotype) vision screening, photoscreening or a combination in children aged 3–6 years. Methods Population-based, cross-sectional study in preventive child health care in The Hague. Children aged 3 years (3y), 3 years and 9 months (3y9m) or 5–6 years (5/6y) received the conventional chart vision screening and a test with a photoscreener (Plusoptix S12C). Costs were based on test duration and additional costs for devices and diagnostic work-up. Results Two thousand, one hundred and forty-four children were included. The estimated costs per child screened were €17.44, €20.37 and €6.90 for conventional vision screening at 3y, 3y9m and 5/6y, respectively. For photoscreening, these estimates were €6.61, €7.52 and €9.40 and for photoscreening followed by vision screening if the result was unclear (combination) €9.32 (3y) and €9.33 (3y9m). The number of children detected with amblyopia by age were 9, 14 and 5 (conventional screening), 6, 13 and 3 (photoscreening) and 10 (3y) and 15 (3y9m) (combination), respectively. The estimated costs per child diagnosed with amblyopia were €1500, €1050 and €860 for conventional vision screening, €860, €420 and €1940 for photoscreening and €730 (3y) and €450 (3y9m) for the combination. Conclusions Combining photoscreening with vision screening seems promising to detect amblyopia in children aged 3y/3y9m, whereas conventional screening seems preferable at 5/6y. As the number of study children with amblyopia is small, further research on the effects of these screening alternatives in detecting children with amblyopia is recommended.

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