Gamma Spectrometry Analysis of Natural Radionuclide Contents of Three Mushroom Species Commonly Grown in Benue State, Nigeria

The activity concentration and Annual Effective doses of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in some edible mushroom species (Cantharellus cibarius, Agaricus campestris, Termitomyces robustus) found in three Local Government Areas of Benue state-Nigeria were determined using Gamma Spectrometry; the 1460KeV gamma-radiation of 40K was used to determine the concentration of 40K, gamma transition energy of 1764.5KeV 214Bi was used to determine the concentration of 226R, while the gamma transition energy of 2614KeV 208TI was used to determine the concentration of 232Th. The activity concentration due to 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the samples ranged from 10.06±1.6 - 14.19±3.01Bqkg-1; 10.88±2.65 to 15.38±4.30Bqkg-1and 202.31±1.4 to 318.44±3.20Bqkg-1 respectively; the highest activity due to 226Ra was found in Termitomyces robustus grown in Gboko; that due to 232Th was recorded in Agaricus campestris grown in Buruku L.G.A., while the highest activity concentration due to 40K was recorded in Termitomyces robustus found in Buruku. Generally, 40K recorded the highest activity concentration in each mushroom species examined. Annual Effective Dose from these species sampled ranges from 0.0006952mSvy-1 (in Makurdi- Termitomyces robustus species) - 0.0008467mSvy-1 (in Buruku Termitomyces robustus species). The average effective dose value of 0.00788±0.000186mSvy-1 obtained in this work is below the maximum permissible level established by ICRP (1996). Thus, these mushrooms species will not pose any apparent risk to human health.

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Test spectra experimental construction for evaluating gamma-spectrometry computer codes for the 235U determination

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection ◽

10.2298/ntrp140s0s1k ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (suppl.) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Konstantinos Karfopoulos ◽

Dimitrios Karangelos ◽

Marios Anagnostakis ◽

Simos Simopoulos

Keyword(s):

Gamma Spectrometry ◽

Energy Region ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Germanium Detector ◽

Computer Code ◽

High Background ◽

Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Background Continuum ◽

Concentration Levels

The determination of 235U in environmental samples from its 185.72 keV photons may require the deconvolution of the multiplet photopeak at ~186 keV, due to the co-existence of the 186.25 keV photons of 226Ra in the spectrum. Successful deconvolution depends on many parameters, such as the detector characteristics, the activity concentration of the 235U and 226Ra in the sample, the background continuum in the 186 keV energy region and the gamma-spectrometry computer code used. In this work two sets of experimental test spectra were constructed for examining the deconvolution of the multiplet photopeak performed by different codes. For the construction of the test spectra, a high-resolution low energy germanium detector was used. The first series consists of 140 spectra and simulates environmental samples containing various activity concentration levels of 235U and 226Ra. The second series consists of 280 spectra and has been derived by adding 137Cs, corresponding to various activity concentration levels, to specific first series test spectra. As the 137Cs backscatter edge is detected in the energy region of the multiplet photopeak at ~186 keV, this second series of test spectra tests the analysis of the multiplet photopeak in high background continuum conditions. The analysis of the test spectra is performed by two different g-spectrometry analysis codes: (a) spectrum unix analysis code, a computer code developed in-house and (b) analysis of germanium detector spectra, a program freely available from the IAEA. The results obtained by the two programs are compared in terms of photopeak detection and photopeak area determination.

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Nutritional and Food Safety Aspects Related to the Consumption of Edible Mushrooms from Dambovita County in Correlation with their Levels of Some Essential and Non-essential Metals

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.10.5894 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 2402-2406 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Andreea Antonia Georgescu ◽

Andrei Florin Danet ◽

Cristiana Radulescu ◽

Claudia Stihi ◽

Ioana Daniela Dulama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Risk Index ◽

Edible Mushroom ◽

Health Risk Index ◽

Mushroom Species ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Agaricus Campestris ◽

Macrolepiota Procera

Ten edible mushroom species collected from four sites of Dambovita County, Romania, were analyzed through ICP-MS technique in order to evaluate their content in Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, both in cap and stipe. Wild growing species (Russula vesca, Russula alutacea, Macrolepiota procera, Cantharellus cibarius, Boletus edulis, Agaricus campestris and Pleurotus ostreatus) and cultivated species (Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus white and Agaricus bisporus brown) were taken into account. The data related to the elemental composition of the fruiting bodies of mushrooms are important to be known having in view the nutritional and food safety related aspects. Higher concentrations of copper, iron and zinc have been found in Pleurotus ostreatus (cap), Macrolepiota procera (stipe) and Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated (cap) respectively, as follows: 43.90�0.96 mg/g d.w., 715.15�4.52 mg/g d.w. and 379.33�2.05 mg/g d.w. Although significant Health Risk Index were determined for lead in Agaricus campestris (about 0.1 both in cap and stipe) and for cadmium in Pleurotus ostreatus (0.58 in cap), these values are under the regulated PTWI limits for adult person.

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The Activity Concentration of Natural Radionuclide (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and the Annual Effective Dose from Different Consumption Water Sources in Phosphate Polluted Area. M. H. El-Zayat * & M. El-Zohry. * Ph.D. of Physic, Ministry of Education, Egypt. Physics Department, Sohage University, Egypt.

Egyptian Journal of Physics ◽

10.21608/ejphysics.2019.12416.1020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Mahmoud Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Annual Effective Dose ◽

Natural Radionuclide ◽

Water Sources ◽

Polluted Area ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

Physics Department

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Effect of drying, blanching, pickling and maceration on the fate of 40K, total K and 137Cs in bolete mushrooms and dietary intake

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-15523-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jerzy Falandysz ◽

Daniela Meloni ◽

Alwyn R. Fernandes ◽

Michał Saniewski

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Mushroom Species ◽

Domestic Processing ◽

Per Capita ◽

Reduced Activity ◽

Sea Coast

AbstractThe effects of blanching, blanching and pickling and maceration on the leaching of 137Cs and 40K from the flesh of three edible bolete mushroom species—Boletus edulis, Leccinum scabrum and Leccinum versipelle—were investigated. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases in activity were observed but varied depending on the treatment. Relative to fresh mushrooms, blanching decreased the activity concentration of 137Cs by 15 ± 13%, and of 40K, by 16 ± 7%, but blanching and pickling (vinegar) reduced activity more effectively, by 55 ± 8% and 40 ± 20% respectively. The corresponding losses of 137Cs and 40K through maceration of dried, powdered mushrooms were 38 ± 11% and 35 ± 14% ww, respectively. These results indicate that traditional domestic processing methods may not be as efficient at excluding 137Cs radioactivity as shown in some other studies. The activity concentration of 137Cs in a typically sized (100 g) portion of a processed mushroom (sourced from nearshore regions of the southern Baltic Sea coast near Gdańsk in 2015) meal was projected to be low, i.e. in the range of 0.51 to 12 Bq kg−1 ww. The corresponding effective dose of 137Cs from blanched, blanched and pickled and macerated mushrooms per capita was also assessed to be low, from 0.001 to 0.010 μSv. Nutritionally, the median concentration of potassium (330 mg) in 100 g portions of blanched or pickled mushrooms would account for around 7% of the adequate adult daily intake. Graphical abstract

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Natural radionuclide uptake by mosses in eastern Serbia in 2008-2013 / Prirodni radionuklidi u mahovinama iz istočne Srbije u razdoblju 2008.-2013

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ◽

10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2695 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 31-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Č Čučulović ◽

Marko Sabovljević ◽

Rodoljub Č Čučulović ◽

Dragan Veselinović

Keyword(s):

Gamma Spectrometry ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Natural Radionuclide ◽

Moss Species ◽

Average Data ◽

Radionuclide Content ◽

Cosmogenic Radionuclide ◽

Radionuclide Uptake

Abstract The results of the study on natural radionuclide content in 102 samples of the moss species randomly collected in 2008- 2013 at 30 locations of eastern Serbia are presented in the paper. The activity concentration values of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 7Be determined by gamma spectrometry were within the intervals: 238U (1.1−50) Bq kg-1, 226Ra (1.1−41) Bq kg-1, 232Th (1.4−28) Bq kg-1, 40K (64−484) Bq kg-1 and 7Be (88−227) Bq kg-1, not standing out of the average data reported for this region. The distribution of the obtained data for 226Ra, 232Th, and 238U activity concentration in the analysed mosses has shown values up to 10 Bq kg-1 with frequencies 47.1 %, 54.9 % and 48.0 %, respectively. The obtained activity concentration values of primordial 40K and cosmogenic radionuclide 7Be were up to 500 Bq kg-1 and about 90 % of all the results for 7Be uptake by mosses were in the 200-250 Bq kg-1 concentration range.

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Cadmium determination in Lentinus edodes mushroom species

Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1590/s0101-20612012005000080 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 553-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vera Akiko Maihara ◽

Patricia Landim da Costa Moura ◽

Marília Gabriela Miranda Catharino ◽

Edson Gonçalves Moreira ◽

Lilian Pavanelli Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphite Furnace ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Edible Mushroom ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Lentinus Edodes ◽

Inorganic Contaminants ◽

Mushroom Species ◽

Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption ◽

Japan And China

Many studies have drawn attention to the occurrence and concentration of toxic elements found in the fruiting body of mushrooms. Some edible mushroom species are known to accumulate high levels of inorganic contaminants, mainly cadmium, mercury, and lead. There are about 2,000 known edible mushroom species, but only 25 of them are cultivated and used as food. In Brazil, the most marketed and consumed mushroom species are Agaricus bisporus, known as Paris champignon, Lentinus edodes, or Shitake and Pleurotus sp, also called Shimeji or Hiratake. In this study, the concentration of cadmium was determined in Lentinus edodes mushrooms from different cities in São Paulo state and some samples imported from Japan and China. The analyses were performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after HNO3-H2O2 digestion. The results showed a lower concentration of Cd in the mushrooms cultivated in São Paulo (0.0079 to 0.023 mg.kg-1 in natura) than that of the mushrooms cultivated abroad (0.125 to 0.212 mg.kg-1 in natura). Although there is no tolerance limit for Cd in mushrooms in Brazil, the results show that Lentinus edodes mushrooms can be safely consumed.

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Mycochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Macrolepiota africana (Heim) Heinem. (Agaricaceae), an edible mushroom from Gabon

Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.53022/oarjls.2021.2.1.0134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 028-033

Author(s):

Hugues Calixte Eyi Ndong ◽

André Ledoux Njouonkou

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Activity Index ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Edible Mushroom ◽

Mushroom Species ◽

Chemical Screening ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Pharmacological Potential

Macrolepiota africana is a fungus used as food in Gabon for its culinary properties. However, its nutritional value, mycochemical contents, antioxidant properties and health potential still unknown. The present study investigated the phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of this mushroom species. This chemical screening was followed by a study of the antioxidant activity and a prediction of additional pharmacological activities of M. africana. Using standard methodology, the mycochemical analyses were carried out on aqueous, hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic fungi extracts. The antioxidant activity of the mushroom extracts was determined using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Apart from Digitoxigenine, flavonol and gitoxigenine that were not found in any of the extracts, all other tested mycochemical were found in atleast one of the extracts. Alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, oses and holosides, proanthocyanidins and coumarins were found in all extracts at different intensity. Saponosids, sterols and triterpenes, tannins gallics, reducing sugar, anthracenosides and digitoxine were found in two extracts while tannins catechics, flavone and gitoxine were detected only in one extract. The dosage of phenolic compounds confirmed the richness of this fungus in total polyphenols, its moderate richness in proanthocyanidins, the lack of flavonoids in the aqueous extract and the moderate richness of the hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic extracts in flavonoids. Regarding the antioxidant activities, the results obtained for the DPPH trapping test showed that the different extracts had low to moderate antioxidant activity with antioxidant activity index (IAA) ranged 0.29 to 0.97 respectively in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The presence of these mycochemical compounds along with the identified antioxidant activities shows that this M. africana have some pharmacological potential.

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In situ gamma spectrometry using portable HPGe detector. Radiological characterization and environmental surveillance around an operating nuclear power plant. Possibilities and limits

Journal of Radiological Protection ◽

10.1088/1361-6498/ac4116 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jose Angel Corbacho ◽

A Baeza

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Nuclear Power Plant ◽

Gamma Spectrometry ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Versatile Tool ◽

Ge Detector ◽

Radiological Characterization

Abstract In situ technique for measuring radionuclides in the soil using a portable Ge detector is a highly versatile tool for both the radiological characterization and for the monitoring of operating nuclear power plants. The main disadvantage of this technique is related to the lack of knowledge of the geometry of the source whose activity concentration is to be determined. However, its greatest advantage is the high spatial representability of the samples and the lower time and resource consumption than gamma spectrometry lab measurements. In this study, the possibilities and limits offered by in situ gamma spectrometry with a high resolution gamma portable detector in two common uses are shown: First, the radiological background characterization and its relationship with the geology of an area of 2700 km2 are assessed; Secondly, its potential for monitoring man-made activity concentration in soils located around an operating nuclear power plant in Spain for surveillance purposes is evaluated. Finally, high accuracy radiation maps have been prepared from the measurements carried out. These radiation maps are essential tools to know the radioactive background of an area, especially useful to assess artificial radioactive deposits produced after a nuclear accident or incident.

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