scholarly journals Relationship between Leaf and Fibre Characteristics of Agave sisalana

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Ighoyivwi Onakpoma ◽  
Abiodun Oluwafemi Oluwadare ◽  
Nkolika Benedeth Ndulue ◽  
Timothy Adeyinka Amusan
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Leaf Dimensions ◽  
Agave Sisalana ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

With decrease in wood from the forest, non-wood fibres have attracted interest in the production of pulp and paper products in recent times due to their short growth cycles, moderate irrigation and fertilizer requirements as well as their low lignin content. The use of these plants will aid sustainable development in the pulp and paper industry. This study investigated leaf dimensions and fibre characteristics of Agave sisalana and how the leaf dimensions relates to its fibre characteristics. Leaves were collected from three sisal plant stands in Oyo State, Nigeria. The plant whorl was divided systematically into bottom, middle and top from which five leaves were randomly collected from each whorl position. The fibres of the leaves were extracted from which 2cm of fibres were taken from three positions on the leaf (top, middle and base). Extracted fibres were macerated and 3375 fibres were measured. The result shows that Agave sisalana leaves collected at the top had the longest length and was also widest at the base and middle. The average fibre length was 1.69 mm, while the fibre diameter, lumen width and cell wall thickness of Agave sisalana were 16.98 µm, 12.33 µm and 2.32 µm respectively. The slenderness ratio averaged 99.4 while the coefficient of flexibility averaged 72.61. The highest value of the runkel ratio of Agave sisalana was 0.42. There was significant negative correlation between leaf characteristics and fibre characteristics. Young sisal (Agave sisalana) leaves produced the best fibre characteristics suitable for the production of high quality paper.

scholarly journals Anatomical and chemical characterization of Alstonia boonei for pulp and paper production

Les/Wood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kojo Agyapong Afrifah ◽  
Enoch Adjei-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

Alstonia boonei, an abundant lesser utilized species within the West African Subregion, was evaluated as an alternative raw material for pulp and paper production. The basic density (BD), fibre characteristics [fibre length (FL), fibre diameter (FD), lumen diameter (LD) and wall thickness (WT)], derived anatomical indices [Flexibility Ratio (FR), Slenderness Ratio (SR), Rigidity Coefficient (RC), Luce’s Shape Factor (LSF), Solids Factor (SF) and Runkel Ratio (RR)] and chemical composition (lignin, holocellulose, 1% NaOH solubility and ash contents) of A. boonei were studied to evaluate variation along the trunk (base, middle and top portions) and ascertain its suitability for pulp and paper production. Significant variations were observed in the density and fibre characteristics along the trunk of the tree. Although the FD was large, the observed adequate FL, thin-wall and large LD implied easy beating of fibres and manufacture of dense, smooth and strong papers. The favourable SF, RR, FR, RC, and LSF values obtained for the fibres would produce papers with suitable burst and tearing strengths and folding endurance. Chemically the lower lignin (< 30%), ash and 1% NaOH solubility and the high holocellulose contents of A. boonei, will generate a higher pulp yield. A. boonei although a low-density species, will be desirable for pulp and paper production.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF FIBRE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPONDIA MOMBIN L. (ANACARDIACEAE) FOR PULP AND PAPER PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
E. T. Tembe ◽  
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo ◽  
B. T. Aondoaver
Keyword(s):  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

The fibre characteristics of five Spondia mombin stands were studied to determine their suitability for pulp and paper production. Wood slivers obtained parallel to grain at three (3) different positions along the bole were macerated in combined identical amounts of glacial acetic acid plus hydrogen peroxide under heat at between 80-100o C. Macerated fibres were washed clean of mixture and mounted on slide for microscopic examination of fibre characteristics. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed for the experiment. Data were analysed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while, the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate means of significant differences among the treatments. Results show that significant differences existed in fibre characteristic of sampled trees, however the fibre length ranged from 0.98-1.0 mm, fibre diameter (18.22-21.47 um), lumen width (10.90-12.98 um) and cell wall thickness (3.86-4.60 um). Significant differences were also observed among the derived fibre characteristics, the Runkel ratio ranged from 0.66-8.89, elasticity coefficient (57.22-60.50 %), coefficient of rigidity (19.78-22.24 %), slenderness ratio (43.27-46.5). This implied that, the fibres of S. mombin were short and elastic which make the wood species an appropriate raw material for pulp and paper making especially when blended with other long fibre species.

MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HURA CREPITANS L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) AS PROSPECTIVE RESOURCE FOR PULP AND PAPERMAKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
E. T. Tembe ◽  
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo ◽  
R. Astuwe
Keyword(s):  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Short Fibres ◽  
Hura Crepitans ◽  
Rigidity Coefficient ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

Hura crepitans L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a tropic tree species that was investigated for pulp and paper characteristics in this study. The diameters of five (5) different stands of Hura crepitans trees were first determined using diameter tape. Wood slivers were obtained from sapwood of the trees parallel to grain and at three (3) different positions along the axis, at the base (5%), middle (50%) and top (90%). The wood slivers were macerated in a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at between 80 -100 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. Macerated fibres were washed and used to prepare microscopic slides where 15 fibres were measured per slide. Data recorded was subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results show that both the primary fibre characteristics and derived characteristics were significantly different at p<0.05? The mean fibre characteristics ranged as follows, Fibre lengths (0.87-1.16 mm), Fibre diameter (18.84 - 24.44 µm), Lumen width (9.92-16.89 µm) and Cell wall thickness (3.93-4.60 µm). The derived mean fibre characteristics ranged as follows; Runkel ratio (0.36-0.78), Elasticity coefficient (44.20-67.91%), Rigidity coefficient (15.98-27.82 %) and Slenderness ratio (0.44-0.80). This result implies that Hura crepitans has short fibres with high flexibility, which can collapse easily and form a fully bonded paper and is therefore recommended for pulp and paper production

scholarly journals Characterization and Morphology of Natural Dung Polymer for Potential Industrial Application as Bio-Based Fillers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3030
Author(s):  
Vinayak Fasake ◽  
Kavya Dashora
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capital Intensive

The modern-day paper industry is highly capital-intensive industries in the core sector. Though there are several uses of paper for currency, packaging, education, information, communication, trade and hygiene, the flip side of this industry is the impact on the forest resources and other ecosystems which leads to increasing pollution in water and air, influencing several local communities. In the present paper, the authors have tried to explore potential and alternate source of industrial pulp through ruminant animal dung, which is widely available as a rural resource in India. Three types of undigested animal dung fibers from Indigenous cow (IDF), Jersey cow (JDF), and Buffalo (BDF) were taken. Wheat straw (WS) was the main diet of all animals. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content for all animal dung samples were found in a range of (29–31.50%), (21–23.50%), and (11–13%), respectively. The abundant holocellulose and low lignin contents are suitable for handmade pulp and paper. Surface characteristics of fodder (WS) and all dung fibers have been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and SEM-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). To increase paper production without damaging forest cover, it is essential to explore unconventional natural resources, such as dung fiber, which have the huge potential to produce pulp and paper, reinforcement components, etc.

Anatomical properties of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. at five different ages

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Makrand Gujar ◽  
R. Vishnu ◽  
Jyothi Mandan ◽  
I. Sekar ◽  
E. Anoop
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Vessel Morphology ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

Anthocephalus cadamba is an important tree species for pulp and paper industry. Anatomical studies were conducted between trees of different age viz., 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were selected from different plantation. One plus tree from each age was felled for the study. The transverse discs of 10 cm thickness were collected from three different heights of tree representing base, middle and top positions. Anatomical properties like Fibre Length, Fibre Diameter, Fibre Lumen Width, Fibre Wall Thickness, Flexibility, Slenderness ratio, Runkel ratio, Vessel Length, Vessel Diameter, Vessel Area, Vessel Frequency, Ray Height, Ray Width and Ray Frequency were studied. Present study revealed that the average Runkel ratio of Anthocephalus cadamba was 0.48; hence it is suitable for pulp and paper production. Fibre length at the ages of 6, 8 and 10 were at par. Fibre wall thickness were not significantly different at 2, 4, 6 and 8 age but 10 years of age fibre wall thickness differed significantly from other five different ages. Fibre diameter, fibre lumen width and slenderness were at par for all the five ages. Flexibility was at par in the ages of 2, 4, 6, and 8. Best practice of harvesting Anthocephalus cadamba would be at the age of six. Ray and vessel morphology did not show any specific trend from two to ten years old tree.

Corn Stalk Fiber Material by Chemical Pulping Process for Pulp and Paper Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 608-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zawawi Daud ◽  
Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta ◽  
Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff ◽  
Halizah Awang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Chemical Pulping

The agriculture waste material can give benefit to many production industries. The studied crop is corn (Zea Mays) stalk. The objective of this work was to analysis the chemical composition; to study chemical pulping and papermaking properties of corn stalk and; to investigate the fiber morphology of properties of those crops. Firstly, the chemical composition of corn stalk were determined and compared with other non-woods. After that, chemical corn stalk was conducted in this analysis followed the physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that, corn stalk have cellulose (39.0%) and lignin content is the lowest (7.3%) content rather than other composition. In chemical pulping, reached high pulp yields had been produced and the strength properties: tear index, tensile index, burst and fold verified that they were of an acceptable quality for papermaking. This crop morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), which showed a condensed composition of fiber structure. This study can developed a friendly product and promote the green technology, suitable to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry.Keywords: Fiber, Corn stalk, Composition, Green technology, Pulp and paper making.

scholarly journals Fiber dimension of Makurdi grown Musa balbisiana Colla parts and their suitability in paper production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo ◽  
◽  
Vivian Ojoma Aidoko ◽  
Veronica Eyakamo Abu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fibre Morphology

This study evaluated the fibre morphology of Musa balbisiana leaf, stalk and stem portions for pulp and paper production. Samples of Musa balbisiana portions were prepared and macerated in equal volume of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in ratio 1:1. Twenty cellulose fibres from each portion were randomly selected using Reichert visopan microscope to determine the physical fibre morphology while the derived fibre indices were calculated. Data collected were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Follow up tests carried out using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that means of fibre length, fibre diameter, cell wall thickness and lumen width ranged between 1.35 and 2.46 mm, 16.46 and 33.34 µm, 7.58 and 24.99 µm, and 3.54 and 3.56 µm, respectively. The mean values of fibre length of Musa balbisiana leaf and stalk were not significant but were significantly different from the mean values of the stem at p<0.05. The mean values of felting rate, elasticity coefficient, rigidity coefficient, Runkel ratio and F factor ranged from 84.47 to 142.43, 48.94 to 76.07%, 11.96 to 25.53%, 0.34 to 1.12 and 433.50 to 627.22, respectively. The leaf stalk of Musa balbisiana had the best Runkel ratio of 0.34 while Musa balbisiana stem had the best fibre length of 2.46 mm. Results further showed that while fibre length of stalk and stem portions of Musa balbisiana were long fibres, the leaf portion was short fibre. Runkel ratios of Musa balbisiana stalk, Leaf and stem were very good, good and poor, respectively while the Leaf, stalk and stem were elastic, high elastic and rigid fibre, respectively. In conclusion, Musa balbisiana has proved to be a very suitable non-wood, agricultural based material for pulp and paper production.

scholarly journals Axial and Radial Variation of Fibre Characteristics of Bambusa vulgaris

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. F. Aderounmu ◽  
E. A. Adelusi
Keyword(s):  
Radial Direction ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Sampling Height ◽  
Anatomy Laboratory ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

This study was carried out to investigate the axial and radial variations of fibre characteristics of Bambusa vulgaris. There were eighteen treatments for both axial and radial variations. The treatments were replicated three (3) times, in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The experiment was carried out at the Wood Anatomy Laboratory of the Department of Forest Product Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan. Three samples (3) stands of B. vulgaris were randomly selected. Samples collected were cut into 10cm discs at 25%, 50% and 75% of the total height (axial positioning). The samples discs were partitioned into two zones which are core and peripheral (bark) layers. From each of the disc, 3 slivers were obtained both from radial and axial positions. Slivers obtained were macerated with an equal volume (1:1) of 10% glacial Acetic acid and 30% Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) at 100 ±2°C. The resulting image on light microscope screen was measured for fibre length, fibre diameter and lumen width. At 50% sampling height and at outer layer, the highest fibre length of 3.25 mm, followed by 3.06 mm of bamboo sample stand 3 while the least 2.28 mm was recorded in sample stands 2 of 75% axial positioning and at peripheral layer. The lumen width ranged between 3.52 × 10-3 μm to 4.46 × 10-3 μm in the radial direction from the core to the peripheral (bark) of the bamboo. The result obtained for mean values of fiber diameter along the bamboo height ranged from 3.53 × 10-3 µm to 4.46 × 10-3 µm across the three (3) bamboo stands, sampling height and radial direction sampling respectively. Among the fibre positioning, the fibre collected from 50% of the sampling height have higher fibre diameter, lumen width and fibre diameter at the peripheral region compare to the others.

Enzymatic approach for bioremediation of effluent from pulp and paper industry by thermo alkali stable laccase from Bacillus tequilensis SN4

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonica Sondhi ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Steffy Angural ◽  
Prince Sharma ◽  
Naveen Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Bacillus Tequilensis

Treatments of industrial effluent/s by enzymes offer significant advantage over the use of microorganisms. However they have not been explored for the bioremediation of effluent from pulp and paper industry. This may be because of the less availability of lignolytic enzymes which can be active/stable under extreme environmental conditions that are present in effluent treatment plant of pulp and paper mills. In present study use of thermoalkali stable laccase from Bacillus tequilensis SN4 has been explored for the bioremediation of paper mill effluent. Under standardized conditions significant reduction in various parameters , color 83%, BOD 82%, COD 77%, phenol content 62%, lignin content 74%, TDS 28% and TSS 34%, was achieved. Major advantage was that treatment time was only 4h, much less than the bioremediation reported with the use of  microorganisms, which is usually four to five days. Results indicate that SN4 laccase is very suitable to develop a process for the effective bioremediation of effluent from pulp and paper industry.

scholarly journals Technological potential of fibers from 20 Hevea brasiliensis clones for use as pulp, paper, and composite materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e549101019102
Author(s):  
Erick Phelipe Amorim ◽  
João Roberto Menucelli ◽  
Aline Delfino Germano ◽  
Rubens Francisco Pereira de Faria ◽  
Juraci de Andrade Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Quality Indexes

Based on the use of Hevea brasiliensis in latex production, the species has a consolidated role in the Brazilian economy. However, at the end of the production cycle, which lasts from 25 to 30 years, resulting wood, in general, has no added value and is normally used for firewood, without further exploring its technological properties. Seeking to introduce this species into the pulp and paper industry, we aimed to determine the fiber quality of 20 commercial clones. Wood samples were collected from planted trees (11 to 12 years old) in the municipality of Selvíria - MS. We calculated wood quality indexes of H. brasiliensis for cellulose and paper, including Flexibility coefficient, Wall proportion, Runkel ratio, Slenderness ratio (Aspect ratio), and Luce's Shape Factor. The fiber quality indexes that best indicate the potential use of wood from Hevea brasiliensis clones for cellulose and paper production were Wall Fraction, Runkel Ratio and Luce's Shape Factor, indicating that H. brasiliensis fibers, if used for proper industrial purposes, will give origin of a rigid paper with greater bonding contact on the surface. The clones that presented better results for fiber quality indexes were IAC 311, IAC 41, IAN 873, IAC 326, IAC 40 and RRIM 725. Enabling the use of wood after the latex exploratory cycle for pulp and paper will serve as a basis for genetic improvement of these clones and expansion of forest plantations for this purpose.

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