scholarly journals Anatomical and chemical characterization of Alstonia boonei for pulp and paper production

Les/Wood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kojo Agyapong Afrifah ◽  
Enoch Adjei-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

Alstonia boonei, an abundant lesser utilized species within the West African Subregion, was evaluated as an alternative raw material for pulp and paper production. The basic density (BD), fibre characteristics [fibre length (FL), fibre diameter (FD), lumen diameter (LD) and wall thickness (WT)], derived anatomical indices [Flexibility Ratio (FR), Slenderness Ratio (SR), Rigidity Coefficient (RC), Luce’s Shape Factor (LSF), Solids Factor (SF) and Runkel Ratio (RR)] and chemical composition (lignin, holocellulose, 1% NaOH solubility and ash contents) of A. boonei were studied to evaluate variation along the trunk (base, middle and top portions) and ascertain its suitability for pulp and paper production. Significant variations were observed in the density and fibre characteristics along the trunk of the tree. Although the FD was large, the observed adequate FL, thin-wall and large LD implied easy beating of fibres and manufacture of dense, smooth and strong papers. The favourable SF, RR, FR, RC, and LSF values obtained for the fibres would produce papers with suitable burst and tearing strengths and folding endurance. Chemically the lower lignin (< 30%), ash and 1% NaOH solubility and the high holocellulose contents of A. boonei, will generate a higher pulp yield. A. boonei although a low-density species, will be desirable for pulp and paper production.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF FIBRE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPONDIA MOMBIN L. (ANACARDIACEAE) FOR PULP AND PAPER PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
E. T. Tembe ◽  
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo ◽  
B. T. Aondoaver
Keyword(s):  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

The fibre characteristics of five Spondia mombin stands were studied to determine their suitability for pulp and paper production. Wood slivers obtained parallel to grain at three (3) different positions along the bole were macerated in combined identical amounts of glacial acetic acid plus hydrogen peroxide under heat at between 80-100o C. Macerated fibres were washed clean of mixture and mounted on slide for microscopic examination of fibre characteristics. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed for the experiment. Data were analysed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while, the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate means of significant differences among the treatments. Results show that significant differences existed in fibre characteristic of sampled trees, however the fibre length ranged from 0.98-1.0 mm, fibre diameter (18.22-21.47 um), lumen width (10.90-12.98 um) and cell wall thickness (3.86-4.60 um). Significant differences were also observed among the derived fibre characteristics, the Runkel ratio ranged from 0.66-8.89, elasticity coefficient (57.22-60.50 %), coefficient of rigidity (19.78-22.24 %), slenderness ratio (43.27-46.5). This implied that, the fibres of S. mombin were short and elastic which make the wood species an appropriate raw material for pulp and paper making especially when blended with other long fibre species.

scholarly journals Relationship between Leaf and Fibre Characteristics of Agave sisalana

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Ighoyivwi Onakpoma ◽  
Abiodun Oluwafemi Oluwadare ◽  
Nkolika Benedeth Ndulue ◽  
Timothy Adeyinka Amusan
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Leaf Dimensions ◽  
Agave Sisalana ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

With decrease in wood from the forest, non-wood fibres have attracted interest in the production of pulp and paper products in recent times due to their short growth cycles, moderate irrigation and fertilizer requirements as well as their low lignin content. The use of these plants will aid sustainable development in the pulp and paper industry. This study investigated leaf dimensions and fibre characteristics of Agave sisalana and how the leaf dimensions relates to its fibre characteristics. Leaves were collected from three sisal plant stands in Oyo State, Nigeria. The plant whorl was divided systematically into bottom, middle and top from which five leaves were randomly collected from each whorl position. The fibres of the leaves were extracted from which 2cm of fibres were taken from three positions on the leaf (top, middle and base). Extracted fibres were macerated and 3375 fibres were measured. The result shows that Agave sisalana leaves collected at the top had the longest length and was also widest at the base and middle. The average fibre length was 1.69 mm, while the fibre diameter, lumen width and cell wall thickness of Agave sisalana were 16.98 µm, 12.33 µm and 2.32 µm respectively. The slenderness ratio averaged 99.4 while the coefficient of flexibility averaged 72.61. The highest value of the runkel ratio of Agave sisalana was 0.42. There was significant negative correlation between leaf characteristics and fibre characteristics. Young sisal (Agave sisalana) leaves produced the best fibre characteristics suitable for the production of high quality paper.

MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HURA CREPITANS L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) AS PROSPECTIVE RESOURCE FOR PULP AND PAPERMAKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
E. T. Tembe ◽  
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo ◽  
R. Astuwe
Keyword(s):  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Short Fibres ◽  
Hura Crepitans ◽  
Rigidity Coefficient ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

Hura crepitans L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a tropic tree species that was investigated for pulp and paper characteristics in this study. The diameters of five (5) different stands of Hura crepitans trees were first determined using diameter tape. Wood slivers were obtained from sapwood of the trees parallel to grain and at three (3) different positions along the axis, at the base (5%), middle (50%) and top (90%). The wood slivers were macerated in a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at between 80 -100 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. Macerated fibres were washed and used to prepare microscopic slides where 15 fibres were measured per slide. Data recorded was subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results show that both the primary fibre characteristics and derived characteristics were significantly different at p<0.05? The mean fibre characteristics ranged as follows, Fibre lengths (0.87-1.16 mm), Fibre diameter (18.84 - 24.44 µm), Lumen width (9.92-16.89 µm) and Cell wall thickness (3.93-4.60 µm). The derived mean fibre characteristics ranged as follows; Runkel ratio (0.36-0.78), Elasticity coefficient (44.20-67.91%), Rigidity coefficient (15.98-27.82 %) and Slenderness ratio (0.44-0.80). This result implies that Hura crepitans has short fibres with high flexibility, which can collapse easily and form a fully bonded paper and is therefore recommended for pulp and paper production

scholarly journals Pinus halepensis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis grown in Egypt: A comparison between stem and branch properties for pulp and paper making

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7598-7614
Author(s):  
Khaled T. S. Hassan ◽  
El-Sayed A. E. Kandeel ◽  
Ibrahim E. A. Kherallah ◽  
Hosny A. Abou-Gazia ◽  
Fatma M. M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Morphological Indices

The utilization of branchwood as lignocellulosic raw material source for paper production may have the potential of solving the problem of the availability of raw material in the pulp and paper industry. This study therefore compared the chemical composition and fiber morphological indices (according to Franklin’s method) of stemwood and branchwood in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Pinus halepensis trees grown in Egypt. The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of species, wood type (stem and branchwood), and their interaction on the measured chemical constituents and fiber morphological indices at 0.05 significance level. In both genera, the stemwood exhibited a higher percentage of cellulose and hemicellulose and was lower in lignin, total extractives, and ash than those measured in branchwood. Also in both genera, the stemwood was higher in fiber length, Runkel ratio, rigidity coefficient, Muhlsteph ratio, and Luce’s shape factor, and lower in basic density and flexibility coefficient than those in branchwood. Based on the chemical analysis and the fiber morphological indices, the stemwood and branchwood of both species were suitable for paper production with various qualities. Moreover, good correlations were found in both stem and branchwood between the basic density and the fiber wall thickness and fiber lumen diameter. ln contrast, there was an independent association between the stemwood basic density and the fiber length, and this relationship in branchwood was positive for both genera.

scholarly journals Fiber dimension of Makurdi grown Musa balbisiana Colla parts and their suitability in paper production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo ◽  
◽  
Vivian Ojoma Aidoko ◽  
Veronica Eyakamo Abu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fibre Morphology

This study evaluated the fibre morphology of Musa balbisiana leaf, stalk and stem portions for pulp and paper production. Samples of Musa balbisiana portions were prepared and macerated in equal volume of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in ratio 1:1. Twenty cellulose fibres from each portion were randomly selected using Reichert visopan microscope to determine the physical fibre morphology while the derived fibre indices were calculated. Data collected were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Follow up tests carried out using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that means of fibre length, fibre diameter, cell wall thickness and lumen width ranged between 1.35 and 2.46 mm, 16.46 and 33.34 µm, 7.58 and 24.99 µm, and 3.54 and 3.56 µm, respectively. The mean values of fibre length of Musa balbisiana leaf and stalk were not significant but were significantly different from the mean values of the stem at p<0.05. The mean values of felting rate, elasticity coefficient, rigidity coefficient, Runkel ratio and F factor ranged from 84.47 to 142.43, 48.94 to 76.07%, 11.96 to 25.53%, 0.34 to 1.12 and 433.50 to 627.22, respectively. The leaf stalk of Musa balbisiana had the best Runkel ratio of 0.34 while Musa balbisiana stem had the best fibre length of 2.46 mm. Results further showed that while fibre length of stalk and stem portions of Musa balbisiana were long fibres, the leaf portion was short fibre. Runkel ratios of Musa balbisiana stalk, Leaf and stem were very good, good and poor, respectively while the Leaf, stalk and stem were elastic, high elastic and rigid fibre, respectively. In conclusion, Musa balbisiana has proved to be a very suitable non-wood, agricultural based material for pulp and paper production.

scholarly journals WOOD QUALITY OF Pinus patula Schltdl & Cham FOR THE PULP PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Soares Modes ◽  
Raquel Lúcia Ludwig ◽  
Magnos Alan Vivian ◽  
Joni Stolberg
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pinus Patula ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Paper Production

ABSTRACT The softwood pulp industry is based on the supply of Pinus taeda and P. elliottii woods, and competes for this raw material with other timber sectors. The study aimed to evaluate the wood quality of Pinus patula for pulp and paper production. Trees aged 14 years were obtained from a plantation located in Ponte Alta do Norte, State of Santa Catarina/Brazil. Discs were collected along the commercial height for determining the weighted basic density and its longitudinal variation in the trees, and the chemical composition. For the anatomical characterization, a disc was extracted from the base of each tree to determine the radial variation of tracheids morphological characteristics, and their quality indexes for the production of kraft pulp. The weighted basic density (365 kg.m-3) of the wood was low when compared with other species of the same genus. Regarding the tracheids morphology, a mean length of 2.37 mm; wall thickness of 5.49 µm; width of 40.32 µm and a lumen diameter of 29.09 µm were observed. The chemical composition of the species showed low contents of lignin (25.06%) and ashes (0.27%), compatible content of holocellulose (70.76%), and high content of extractives (6.24%) compared with conifers of traditional use. In general, P. patula species shows characteristics compatible with those traditionally used for the pulp and paper production, and it should be considered in more advanced studies with this species in this segment.

scholarly journals Deriving Wealth from the Dry Matter of Some Under-Utilised Plant Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Otoide J. E.* ◽  
Ihinmikaiye, S. O. ◽  
Otoide, T. F.
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Production Industry

The possibility of creating wealth in pulp and paper industry from the underutilized dry matters of the leaf sheaths of the pseudostem (Musa paradisiaca and M. sapientum), leaf stalk (Carica papaya) and stems (Panicum maximum and Andropogon tectorum) have been established from the anatomical parameters and indexes (fibre lengths and diameters, lumen width, cell wall thickness, Runkels ratio, flexibility coefficient (%) and slenderness ratio) of the fibres using standard procedures. Results obtained revealed that the Runkels ratio of the fibres in the five dry matters were 0.60, 0.44, 0.40, 0.87 and 0.93 for Musa sapientum, M. paradisiaca, Carica papaya, Panicum maximum and Andropogon tectorum respectively. These values, each been less than 1 (˂ 1) recommends each of the dry matters as suitable alternative source of raw materials for pulp and paper production industry. It was recommended that these dry plant materials be henceforth harnessed as alternative sources of raw materials for pulp and paper production industry as another means of wealth creation instead of allowing them to waste and cause environmental nuisance.

Effect of fertilizer on wood properties of Eucalyptus globulus

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Raymond ◽  
A Muneri
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
P Fertilizers

The effects of N and P fertilizers applied to Eucalyptus globulus Labill. at plantation establishment on basic density, fibre length, fibre coarseness, predicted pulp yield, and N and P concentration in the wood were examined by sampling four fertilizer factorial trials: three in Victoria and one in Western Australia. Treatments sampled were control, maximum levels of N and P by themselves and combined. Growth responses varied across sites with significant growth responses at the Victorian sites but no response at the Western Australian site. An interaction was suggested between rainfall and the effects of the fertilizer; wood properties at the drier sites were detrimentally affected by fertilizer but there was little effect at the wetter sites. On the two drier sites, application of both N and P, alone or in combination, resulted in changes in density, shorter fibres, and slightly lower predicted pulp yield. Addition of both N and P increased the levels of these nutrients in the wood at the three Victorian sites. Changes occurred in wood properties in the absence of growth responses to the applied fertilizer indicating that these changes were not induced by changing tree growth rate.

scholarly journals Potensi Penggunaan Dua Spesies Agave untuk Pembuatan Pulp dan Kertas

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Arini Hidayati Jamil ◽  
Heronimus Judi Tjahjono ◽  
Parnidi Parnidi ◽  
Marjani Marjani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Agave Sisalana

Potential of Two Agave Species for Pulp and Paper MakingAbstractBoth of Agave sisalana and A. cantala are the most favorite agave species for fiber producer plant in Indonesia. Nevertheless, research study for using fiber of A. sisalana and A. cantala for pulp and paper purpose is hard to find. This study aims to observe the characteristics of A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers as a raw material of pulp including fiber morphology, chemical components, pulp characteristics, optical and physical properties of the handsheets. The observation of all characters was based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The pulping method used both of soda process with 18% active alkali and kraft process with 18% active alkali and 25% sulfidity. The result of the study for the handsheets from A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers shows that the brightness, dirt, and tear index were fulfilled to SNI standard for NBKP while the tensile index and burst index just fulfilled to SNI standard for LBKP. The handsheet of A. sisalana fiber has a higher tear index, tensile index, and burst index than the A. cantala ones. Soda pulping of both agave species resulting higher pulp yield, cellulose polymerization degrees and physical properties than kraft pulping.Keywords : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, characteristics of the fiber, pulp AbstrakAgave sisalana dan A. cantala merupakan dua spesies agave yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia sebagai tanaman penghasil serat alam. Namun penelitian mengenai fungsi serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas masih sulit ditemukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp yang meliputi morfologi serat, komposisi komponen kimia, karakeristik pulp, sifat optik dan fisik lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan. Pengamatan seluruh karakter dilakukan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Pemasakan menggunakan metode soda dengan alkali aktif 18% dan kraft dengan alkali aktif 18% dan sulfiditas 25%. Hasil pengamatan pada lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan dari serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala menunjukkan bahwa derajat cerah, noda, dan kekuatan sobek memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Pulp Kraft Putih Kayujarum (NBKP) sementara kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan retak memenuhi SNI Pulp Krat Putih Kayudaun (LBKP). Lembaran pulp A. sisalana memiliki kekuatan sobek, tarik, dan retak lebih tinggi dibanding lembaran pulp A. cantala. Metode pemasakan soda pada serat kedua spesies agave tersebut menghasilkan rendemen pulp, derajat polimerisasi selulosa, dan kekuatan fisik lebih baik dibanding metode kraft.Kata kunci : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, karakteristik serat, pulp 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rhododendron Luteum and Rhododendron Ponticum in Pulp and Paper Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Emre Birinci ◽  
Ahmet Tutuş ◽  
Mustafa Çiçekler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Rhododendron Ponticum ◽  
Breaking Length ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Cooking Conditions

In this study, Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum were evaluated as raw material for pulp and paper production. 12 different sodium borohydride (NaBH4) added cooking trials were performed for each sample and kraft method was used for pulp production. Pulp properties, such as yield, kappa number and viscosity, and physical properties, such as breaking length and burst index, were determined for each trial. Besides, the effects of active alkali and NaBH4 on the pulp and paper properties were also examined. Optimum cooking conditions were obtained by using 18 % active alkali for NaBH4-free cooking experiments and 0.5 % NaBH4 and 18 % active alkali for NaBH4-added cooking experiments. In NaBH4-added pulping condition, the screened yield, kappa number and viscosity of R. luteum were found to be 43.4 %, 40.1 and 949 cm3/g1, respectively. The respective values for R. ponticum were 41.9 %, 44.5 and 885 cm3/g1. The screened yields of R. luteum and R. ponticum increased by about 2.8 % and 5.3 %, respectively, with 5 % addition of NaBH4 compared to NaBH4-free cooking experiments. Furthermore, with the addition of NaBH4, the kappa numbers decreased while the viscosity increased. The physical properties of the produced papers were also improved by using NaBH4 in cooking liquor. According to the obtained results, it was found that R. luteum and R. ponticum species can be evaluated for pulp and paper production.

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