scholarly journals The Role of Concept of Ideology in Construction of Marx's Historical Materialism: 1842—1852

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xue Rui
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Ideological Criticism

Marx's concept of ideology plays an important role in construction of historical materialism from 1842-1852. To some extent, it was through the intermediary of ideological criticism that Marx realized the transformation from idealism to materialism, and thus constructed and developed historical materialism. Specifically, through the systematic criticism of concrete ideology, Marx gradually discovered the decisive role of civil society in the superstructure, which helped him transform from idealism to materialism, and lay the foundation for the final discovery of historical materialism; through the discussion of the general ideology, Marx mainly expounded the basic principles of historical materialism, which helped him subvert the basis of the western philosophical metaphysics since Plato, and realize the logical transcendence of the previous philosophical theory; through the analysis of class ideology, Marx revealed the decisive role of economic interests on class consciousness, which helped him develop historical materialism and lay the theoretical foundation for criticism of political economy in his later writings.

Hume’s Moral Psychology

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Jay L. Garfield
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Social Unity

This chapter concludes the discussion of Book II as the theoretical foundation for the Treatise as a whole. It addresses the role of the passions in moral psychology, showing how they ground our accounts of virtue and vice. Virtue and vice are in fact defined in relation to the passions. It also shows how the account of the passions grounds Hume’s moral and political reflections. That is, Hume argues that civil society is initially grounded on certain innate moral psychological dispositions, but also that civil society enables the cultivation of the range of passions that preserve our social unity and that enable us to constitute ourselves as persons in a social context.

scholarly journals Transnational Spaces of Resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-82
Author(s):  
Selin Çağatay ◽  
Mia Liinason ◽  
Olga Sasunkevich
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Spaces Of Resistance

AbstractThis chapter lays out the theoretical foundation of the book. It conceptualizes resistance as a space in-between small-scale mundane practices with a low level of collective organizing and large-scale protest activities which often exemplify resistance in social movement studies. In line with feminist and queer conceptualization of resistance, the authors suggest to examine multi-scalarity of resistant practices. The chapter attends to three scales of feminist and LGBTI+  activism in Russia, Turkey, and Scandinavia. The first scale analyzes activism in relation to the civil society-state-market triad. The second scale problematizes the notion of solidarity in relations between feminist and LGBTI+  activists from different geopolitical regions and countries as well as between small- and large-scale activist organizations and groups. Finally, the third scale focuses on individual resistant practices and the role of individual bodies in emergence of collective political struggles.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Violent Conflict Within States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Wennmann
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
The Cold War

The political economy of violent conflict is a body of literature that investigates how economic issues and interests shape the dynamics associated to violent conflict after the Cold War. The literature covers an area of research focusing on civil wars—the predominant type of conflict in the 1990s and early 2000s—and an area of research focusing on other types of violent conflict within states, such as permanent emergencies, criminal violence, and political violence associated to turbulent transitions. The first area involves four themes that have come to characterize discussions on the political economy of civil wars, including research on the role of greed and grievance in conflict onset, on economic interests in civil wars, on the nature of conflict economies, and on conflict financing. The second area responds to the evolution of violent conflict beyond the categories of “interstate” or “civil” war and shows how political economy research adapted to new types of violent conflict within states as it moved beyond the “post-Cold War” era. Overall, the literature on the political economy of violence conflict emphasizes the role of informal systems behind power, profits and violence, and the economic interests and functions of violence underlying to violent conflict. It has also become a conceptual laboratory for scholars who after years of field research tried to make sense of the realities of authoritarian, violent or war-affected countries. By extending the boundaries of the literature beyond the study of civil wars after the Cold War, political economy research can serve as an important analytical lens to better understand the constantly evolving nature of violent conflict and to inform sober judgment on the possible policy responses to them.

scholarly journals Have You Ever Seen the Void? Interest Groups Concerns Toward the Weakening Representational Role of Political Parties in European Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Chiara Fiorelli
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Democratic Life

Contemporary democracies face a trend toward the diffusion of the representational void left by under- legitimized political parties (Mair 2013). The essential functions of traditional political parties to organize and articulate political conflict and societal interests have been challenged both from the inside of the party system, by the emergence of populist habits of newcomers, and from the outside, by the progressive erosion of old political culture and corresponding increasing of hostility feeling. Intermediaries organizations of political and economic interests usually push their demands toward political actors in order to shape policy choices. What can happen when the traditional party system suffers from de- legitimation? In this paper, I will try to understand the level of concern of interest organizations toward the progressive detachment of civil society from political actors, in order to define if the risk of a void of representation is perceived as real and contingent. Thanks to a new original European dataset (the Comparative Interest Groups Survey), the analysis shows that different types of interest groups perceive the void to be real and with a possible impact on their activities and their own survival. As expected, in the regression model, differences emerge between countries with a traditional strong interests’ system and countries where groups activities are usually barely regulated. The results support the idea that the distance between civil society and political representatives should be considered a prominent focus of contemporary social and political investigation in order to understand the challenge for democratic life and the possible strategy of reaction.

scholarly journals The Formation of Civil Society and Party-Political system: the Experience of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
A. G. VOLODIN
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Industrial Culture ◽  
Functional Mode

The article, India taken as a case study, is focused on civil  society/party system interrelationship. Among origins of comparative  advancement of India’s party system are such  historical constituents as: lasting existence of “centre- periphery” relations, ambivalent role of “pragmatic” British imperial  rule in country’s development, availability of proactive social forces susceptible to absorb overseas industrial culture as well as  political democracy. In the ultimate analysis, these and other  “motives” were instrumental in India’s choice for representative  institutions as most functional mode of governance. India’s civil society and party system are examined from  the “classic”/ west European political economy perspective.

scholarly journals Global government and civil society

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
L. A. Gainutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Global Civil Society ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Global Government

In this article the frames of democratic global government, which determine the role of a global civil society as an alternative of market-driven globalization, are being analyzed. With this intention the main theories of international political economy – hegemonic stability theory, complex independence theory, new multilateralism, and also the comparison of the approaches to the potential possibilities of strengthening of the role of civil society in the system of global government are being examined.In order to create the necessary framework for democratic global governance in the twenty-first century, global and national civil societies must enter into more intensive synergies with individual national states and international organizations. Therefore, the article aims to define the role of global civil society in the project of global democratic governance as an alternative to market-driven globalization and to consider the main theories of international political economy by comparing their approaches to the potential opportunities of civil society in the global governance system.The article concludes that, based on the definition of opportunities for expanding the role of civil society in global governance, the theory of complex interdependence and the new multilateralism offer the most appropriate theoretical framework for examining the contribution of civil society in removing the tensions generated by globalization. One can talk about the expansion of the role of civil society in global governance, as the growing presence of social movements and non-governmental organizations on the global scene has become visible due to their activities in the areas of services, education, and protection of rights that contribute to the development of a global cooperative system.

scholarly journals A TRANSNATIONAL AGRI-FOOD SYSTEM FOR WHOM? THE STRUGGLE FOR HEGEMONY AT RIO+20

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNA FONTOURA ◽  
ZAREEN PERVEZ BHARUCHA ◽  
STEFFEN BÖHM
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Food System ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Global Environmental Governance ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Global Environmental

ABSTRACT Food has been one of the most debated and contested discourses in recent global environmental governance without this fact being reflected, however, in management and organizational studies (MOS). In this paper, we analyze the different positions taken in relation to the transnational agri-food system by the state sector, the private sector and civil society actors and we map key differences and similarities in the discourses of these groups at the influential 2012 Rio+20 Conference. Using neo-Gramscian discourse theory, we uncover the different politico-economic interests that exist and show how these different actors deal with the agri-food system. We demonstrate that international NGOs and grassroots social movements are very diverse in how they approach the question of food security, which in turn is reflected in how they vary in their approach to doing politics. This analysis contributes to our understanding of how hegemony is organized, highlighting the important role of different civil society actors in either maintaining or resisting hegemonic approaches to the transnational agri-food system.

scholarly journals Have You Ever Seen the Void? Interest Groups Concerns Toward the Weakening Representational Role of Political Parties in European Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Chiara Fiorelli
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Democratic Life

Contemporary democracies face a trend toward the diffusion of the representational void left by under- legitimized political parties (Mair 2013). The essential functions of traditional political parties to organize and articulate political conflict and societal interests have been challenged both from the inside of the party system, by the emergence of populist habits of newcomers, and from the outside, by the progressive erosion of old political culture and corresponding increasing of hostility feeling. Intermediaries organizations of political and economic interests usually push their demands toward political actors in order to shape policy choices. What can happen when the traditional party system suffers from de- legitimation? In this paper, I will try to understand the level of concern of interest organizations toward the progressive detachment of civil society from political actors, in order to define if the risk of a void of representation is perceived as real and contingent. Thanks to a new original European dataset (the Comparative Interest Groups Survey), the analysis shows that different types of interest groups perceive the void to be real and with a possible impact on their activities and their own survival. As expected, in the regression model, differences emerge between countries with a traditional strong interests’ system and countries where groups activities are usually barely regulated. The results support the idea that the distance between civil society and political representatives should be considered a prominent focus of contemporary social and political investigation in order to understand the challenge for democratic life and the possible strategy of reaction.

scholarly journals Labour Against Capitalism? Hegel’s Concept of Labour in Between Civil Society and the State

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Anders Bartonek
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Destructive Potential

The concepts and phenomena of civil society, political economy and labour are ambivalent matters in Hegel’s political philosophy. They simultaneously contain productive and destructive potential in the realization of the political community. This article investigates Hegel’s concept of labour against the backdrop of his theory of civil society in order to bring forth the ambiguous role of labour in relation to the ’capitalism’ of civil society. According to Hegel, labour is both economically productive and the activity by which the society and its members can transcend the mere capitalistic dimensions of society. Labour can therefore simultaneously be understood as capitalistic and non-capitalistic in Hegel’s political philosophy. The cultivating dimensions of labour in Hegel’s theory offer a counterpart to the mere capitalistic forms of labour. Labour can therefore be used as a promising platform for the discussion of the relation between economy and culture and for the revitalization of capitalism critique.

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