scholarly journals Identification of Susceptible Weed Hosts of Phytophthora spp. in Cocoa Trees in the Nawa Region, South-West of Côte d'Ivoire

Author(s):  
Daniel Kouamé Kra ◽  
Yapi Richmond Baka ◽  
David Coulibaly N’golo ◽  
Ipou Joseph Ipou

The cocoa tree, the mainexport crop in Côte d'Ivoire is frequently attacked by a disease: brown pod rot, caused by Phytophthora spp. which causes a considerable drop in production. This soil-borne pathogen attacks on so-called weeds when environmental conditions are favourable. The presence of these susceptible weed hosts can amplify this scourge of brown rot by transmitting the pathogen to the crop plant. In order to improve the yield of this crop, a study was conducted in the Nawa region to identify the weed hosts through the characterization of the pathogen. This study consisted first in the inventory of susceptible host weeds of Phytophthora spp. and second in the morphological characterization of the pathogen. Concerning the host weeds inventory we procceeded determining all symptomatic weeds located within 3 m of the cocoa plants affected by brown rot. We identified 48 susceptible host species, divided into 41 genera and 22 families and we observed brown spots on the leaves of Oplismenus burmannii and Laportea aestuans; on the leaves of Clerodendrum splendens and Xanthosoma mafaffa, brown necroses surrounded by a yellow halo were noticed. Oily brown spots were examined on the leaves of Ageratum conyzoides. On the proximal, lateral and distal parts of the pods symptoms of brown spots covered with whitish mycelia were observed. Phytophthora strains obtained from the pods and weeds on PDA culture medium were characterized by matted, white mycelial colonies with a cottony appearance. Microscopic features revealed the presence of sporocysts, oospores and chlamydospores of different shapes.

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 14842-14852
Author(s):  
POHE Jean ◽  
MIAN Jacques Dutron ◽  
OKOU Staelle Florence Famisso

RESUME Objectif : Cette étude a été menée pour évaluer le niveau de la pourriture brune, de suivre son évolution dans les plantations, au niveau des différentes parties du cacaoyer et de préciser l’emplacement des lésions sur les différentes cabosses infectées dans les cacaoyères dans le Département d’Aboisso Sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Méthodologie et résultats : Cinq plantations ont été choisies avec dans chacune vingt plants mis en observation et sur lesquels trois parties ont été délimitées : le bas, le milieu et les branches. Sur chaque cabosse infectée la lésion est soit, proximale, latérale ou distale. Le dispositif est donc en blocs de Fischer avec un arrangement factoriel, 2 facteurs (localisation des cabosses dans l’arbre et la position des lésions sur les cabosse) avec chacun 3 niveaux soit, 9 traitements avec 5 répétions. L’analyse des taux des affections à Phytophthora donne une différence hautement significative d’une part entre les localisations des cabosses dans l’arbre et d’autre part, entre les positions des lésions sur les cabosses. Aussi, la position des lésions sur les cabosses diffère-t-elle selon la localisation de celles-ci dans l’arbre (p-value < 1%). Conclusion : La pourriture brune sévit de façon endémique dans le département d’Aboisso. Les cabosses sur le tronc, notamment celles qui sont vers le bas, s’avèrent les plus vulnérables. Les lésions distales sont préférentiellement situées sur les cabosses vers le bas du tronc, alors que les proximales sont en grand nombre sur le milieu du tronc et les branches. Les Phytophthora étant des organismes telluriques, l’importance de leurs attaques sur les cabosses et sur les parties de celles-ci proches du sol, source d’inoculum primaire s’avérerait inévitable. Application actuelle et potentielle des résultats : A partir de ces résultats, il convient de recommander d’éviter l’abandon de la protection avec des fongicides appropriés de la cacaoyère de cette localité comme ont tendance à le faire certains planteurs. Aussi, les applications de fongicides, surtout ceux de contact, par atomisation ne doivent-ils pas être dirigées seulement dans les branches mais également sur le tronc et surtout vers le bas des pieds des arbres. Mots clés : pourriture brune, dynamique, cacaoyer, Aboisso, Côte d’Ivoire ABSTRACT Spatio-temporal dynamics of the brown rot of cocoa pots due to phytophthora sp. in the department of Aboisso (Cote d'Ivoire) Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the level of brown rot, monitor its evolution in plantations, at the level of different parts of the cocoa tree and to specify the location of the lesions on the different pods infected in the cocoa farms in the Department. of Aboisso South-east of Ivory Coast. Methodology and results: Five plantations were selected, each of which had twenty plants under observation and on which three parts were delineated: the bottom, the middle and the branches. On each infected pod the lesion is proximal, lateral or distal. The device is therefore in Fischer blocks with a factorial arrangement, 2 factors (location of the pods in the tree and the position of the lesions on the pod) with each 3 levels, i.e. 9 treatments with 5 repetitions. The analysis of the Phytophthora disease rates gives a highly significant difference between the location of the pods in the tree and between the positions of the lesions on the pods. Also, the position of the lesions on the pods differs according to the location of these in the tree (p-value <1%). Conclusion: Brown rot is endemic in the Aboisso department. Pods on the trunk, especially those that are down, are the most vulnerable. The distal lesions are preferentially located on the pods down the trunk, while the proximal ones are in large numbers on the middle of the trunk and branches. Phytophthora being telluric organisms, the importance of their attacks on pods and parts of them that are close to the soil, a source of primary inoculum, would be inevitable. Current and Potential Application of Results: From these results, it is advisable to avoid abandoning the protection with appropriate fungicides of the cocoa farm in this locality, as some planters tend to do. Also, the applications of fungicides, especially those of contact, by atomization should not be directed only in the branches but also on the trunk and especially down the feet of the trees. Keywords: brown rot, dynamics, cocoa, Aboisso, Ivory Coast


2020 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Essoh ◽  
Jean-Philippe Vernadet ◽  
Gilles Vergnaud ◽  
Adama Coulibaly ◽  
Adèle Kakou-N’Douba ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Kra Akoua Clarisse ◽  
Assale Fori Yao Paul ◽  
Yao N’Goran Jean-Paul ◽  
Monde Sylvain ◽  
Aka Kouamé

Anyama is located on the onshore of the sedimentary basin of Côte d’Ivoire. It is to the east of the basin and the formations, particularly those dating back to the Quaternary may have been studied. Based on samples, collected from two drill holes (An1 and An2), each 114 m deep, a sedimentology and mineralogy characterization of Plio-Quaternary formations was carried out. The sedimentological study was assessed by taking account the lithology, the grain size, the transport model and the environment deposit of the sediments, the morphoscopy and the exoscopy of the quartz grain. The mineralogy study was made on clays through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Lithological characterization, revealed the presence of clay facies (kaolinite), sandy facies and mixed sediments, all covered with the earth bar. As for the size, it indicates coarse to medium sands with a positive asymmetry to almost positive, sands moderately classified to fairly classify. The relative mineralogy reveals the presence of silicon, aluminum and iron oxides. XRD indicates that quartz and kaolinite prevail and gypsum, rutile or anatase, illite and calcium sulfate hydrate are associated minerals.


2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
N’Diaye Hermann Meledje ◽  
Kouakou Lazare Kouassi ◽  
Yao Alexis N’Go ◽  
Issiaka Savane

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