Study of Household Income: An Approach Based on a Broad View of Production

The increasing difficulty of return migration and the demands for assimilation into host societies suggest a long-term cutting of ties to origin areas—likely accentuated in the Bolivian case by the recent shift in destinations from Argentina to the US and Spain. Making use of a stratified random sample of 417 families as well as ethnographic interviews in the provinces of Punata, Esteban Arze, and Jordán in the Valle Alto region the authors investigate these issues. Results suggest that for families with greater than ten years cumulated foreign work experience, there are significantly more absentees and lower levels of remittances as a percentage of household income. Although cultural ties remain strong after ten years, intentions to return to Bolivia decline markedly. The question of whether the dimunition of economic ties results in long-term village decline in the Valle Alto remains an unanswered.

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An econometric analysis of retail turnover in Russia

Economic Analysis Theory and Practice ◽

10.24891/ea.19.6.1133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1133-1153

Author(s):

A.T. Kozinova

Keyword(s):

Household Income ◽

Inflation Targeting ◽

Import Substitution ◽

Consumer Price Index ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Econometric Analysis ◽

Retail Trade ◽

Economic Instability ◽

Consumer Prices ◽

Macroeconomic Indicators

Subject. The article deals with econometric analysis of retail turnover in Russia and its relationship with macroeconomic indicators, like real disposable household income, consumer prices, etc. Objectives. The purpose is to create effective models to analyze the retail turnover in Russia and its relationship with other macroeconomic indicators, taking into account the existence of periods of economic instability. Methods. I apply correlation and regression methods to analyze statistics. To quantify changes in the retail turnover of Russia during the periods of economic instability, I use dummy variables. Results. The Russia’s retail trade turnover index had a reverse and moderate relationship with the consumer price index, direct and strong relationship with the indices of real disposable household income and imports, direct relationship with the manufacturing index. I offer statistically significant regression models of Russia’s retail turnover with the said macroeconomic indicators. Conclusions. The main advantage of models of retail turnover that are built using a large number of observations is a greater number of simultaneously considered factors. The quantitative assessment of retail turnover elasticity by consumer prices confirms the need for inflation targeting by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The higher elasticity of retail turnover in manufacturing as compared with the imports denotes the importance of import substitution policy.

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Financial and monetary policy of the State and its impact on the income level and poverty reduction in Russia

Finance and Credit ◽

10.24891/fc.26.5.964 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 964-990

Author(s):

N.I. Kulikov ◽

V.L. Parkhomenko ◽

Akun Anna Stefani Rozi Mobio

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Household Income ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

The State ◽

Financial Policy ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Gdp Growth Rate ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Subject. We assess the impact of tight financial and monetary policy of the government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia on the level of household income and poverty reduction in Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of financial and monetary policy in Russia and determine why the situation with household income and poverty has not changed for the recent six years, and the GDP growth rate in Russia is significantly lagging behind the global average. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of scientific and information base, and synthesis of obtained data. The methodology and theoretical framework draw upon works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and financial support to economy and population’s income. Results. We offer measures for liberalization of the financial and monetary policy of the government and the Central Bank to ensure changes in the structure of the Russian economy. The proposed alternative economic and financial policy of the State will enable the growth of real incomes of the population, poverty reduction by half by 2024, and annual GDP growth up to 6 per cent. Conclusions. It is crucial to change budget priorities, increase the salaries of public employees, introduce a progressive tax rate for individuals; to reduce the key rate to the value of annual inflation and limit the bank margin. The country needs a phased program to increase the population's income, which will ensure consumer demand.

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A broad view of Navy S-3A testing

10.2514/6.1974-943 ◽

1974 ◽

Author(s):

G. JESSEN

Keyword(s):

Broad View

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Remittance and Economic Development of Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽

10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 196-208

Author(s):

Badri Narayan Sah

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Household Income ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Economic Status ◽

Poverty Rate ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Gulf Countries ◽

The World ◽

Internal Sources ◽

Sources Of Capital

Nepal is one of the least developed but high remittances recipient countries in the world. Nepal received remittance from US$ 8.1 billion in 2016 and it is ranked 23rd among the remittance receiving countries in the world. Remittance income is one of the major sources of capital formation in the context of Nepal. It is directly related with the labour migration in a country which in return enhances foreign employment. Remittances have become a major contributing factor to increasing household income as well as country’s GDP. About 30 percent of Nepal’s GDP comes in the form of remittance money which is sent home by Nepalese working abroad and it helps to reduce country’s poverty rate. Poverty reduction took place in Nepal from 42 percent (1995/96) to 25.2 percent (2010/11). Nepal’s remittance recipients reached 31.5 percent GDP in 2015. The total amount of remittance in the country is 259 billion and among which 20 percent is internal sources, 11 percent from India and 69 percent from Gulf countries. Remittance received by the households is mainly used for daily consumption (79 percent) and remaining other purposes. Moreover, Nepal’s economic status mostly depends on remittance received which is therefore migration driven economy.

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