Remittance and Economic Development of Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-208
Author(s):  
Badri Narayan Sah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Sources Of Capital

Nepal is one of the least developed but high remittances recipient countries in the world. Nepal received remittance from US$ 8.1 billion in 2016 and it is ranked 23rd among the remittance receiving countries in the world. Remittance income is one of the major sources of capital formation in the context of Nepal. It is directly related with the labour migration in a country which in return enhances foreign employment. Remittances have become a major contributing factor to increasing household income as well as country’s GDP. About 30 percent of Nepal’s GDP comes in the form of remittance money which is sent home by Nepalese working abroad and it helps to reduce country’s poverty rate. Poverty reduction took place in Nepal from 42 percent (1995/96) to 25.2 percent (2010/11). Nepal’s remittance recipients reached 31.5 percent GDP in 2015. The total amount of remittance in the country is 259 billion and among which 20 percent is internal sources, 11 percent from India and 69 percent from Gulf countries. Remittance received by the households is mainly used for daily consumption (79 percent) and remaining other purposes. Moreover, Nepal’s economic status mostly depends on remittance received which is therefore migration driven economy.

scholarly journals The Neighborhood Effects of a Place-Based Policy—Causal Evidence from Atlanta’s Economic Development Priority Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6808
Author(s):  
Yuxi Luo ◽  
Zhaohua Zhang ◽  
Jun Zheng ◽  
Diane Hite
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Positive Effects

Place-based policies refer to government efforts to enhance the economic performance of an area within its jurisdiction. Applying various difference in differences strategies, this study evaluates the neighborhood effects of a place-based policy—the Economic Development Priority Areas (EDPA) of Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Since the census block groups are locally defined and the boundaries may change over time, we defined the neighborhoods by creating a set of 0.25-mile- diameter circles evenly distributed across Atlanta, and used the created buffers as the comparison unit. The empirical estimates showed that EDPA designation significantly reduced poverty rate and increased housing price of EDPA neighborhoods but had no beneficial effects on population size and employment rate. The heterogeneous analysis with respect to different initial economic status of the neighborhoods showed a relative larger and significant effect of EDPA designation on low-income neighborhoods. The increasing labor demand induced by EDPA designation in low-income neighborhoods attracted more population to migrate in and put upward pressure on housing prices. The estimation results are robust when replacing the 0.25-mile-diameter circle neighborhoods with 0.5-mile-diameter circle neighborhoods. Although we found some positive effects of the EDPA program in Atlanta, it would be misguided to assume similar effects occur in other areas implementing place-based policies.

THE WORLD BANK ABOUT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Olga Pryazhnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Global Agenda

The World Bank has made an important contribution to shaping the global agenda for reducing poverty, increasing prosperity and promoting sustainable development. The review examines the main milestones in changes of the World Bank’s activities in the field of social development. The evolution of the organization’s approaches to solving the problem of poverty reduction as one of the key obstacles to socio-economic development is outlined.

scholarly journals Developing Small Towns as a Panacea to Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: A Focus on Itam And Ikot Ekpene in Akwaibom State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atelhe, George Atelhe ◽  
Akande, Benyin Adah ◽  
Peter Eyo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
High Level

Nigeria’s economic development has most times been centred on promoting the expansion and growth of major cities in the country, while relegating the small towns to the background. Much attention has not been placed on rehabilitating and providing better living conditions for inhabitants of small towns.  This has resulted in the continuous influx of goods and services into bigger cities, with the aim of finding greener pastures. This incidence invariably brings about overpopulation problems as encountered in these cities. Most of the poverty incidence experienced in Nigeria is often times situated in small towns where there are high level of income inequality and illiteracy. It is against this background the paper adopts a textual analysis to ascertain the rate of poverty incurred in small towns as a result of rural-urban migration. The paper also establishes the facts that developmental incentives in small towns is a panacea for equal development across the unit of the country. From the evidence in the paper, it is recommended that one way to reduce the poverty rate anchors on the need for government to ensure that measures for allocation of public investment across different sized urban agglomerations should be implemented selectively based on landmass so as to avoid over-crowding.  

scholarly journals Conceptual Bases of Full Realization of Women's Labour and Entrepreneurial Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Zulfiqarova Dilfuza Gulomjanovna Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
The World ◽  
Women's Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Today, the problem of poverty has emerged as a global problem in all countries of the world. Due to the difference in economic development, poverty is different and has a relative meaning. Prevention and reduction of poverty and improving the quality of life of the people, increasing the interest and aspirations of women in women's entrepreneurship, creating favorable conditions for the development of their entrepreneurial activities are the main foundations of today's reforms. In a country where there is a gap between the incomes of the population, it is clear that there will be poor people. Therefore, poverty cannot be eradicated, but it can be reduced through the development of entrepreneurship. The poverty rate is inversely proportional to the economic level of the country, i.e., in developed economies, the poverty rate is low, and in weak economies it is high. The whole world has turned its attention to solving this problem. The accession of the Republic of Uzbekistan to global economic processes requires more active participation of women in the economic life of the country. Entrepreneurship is becoming an independent factor of women's sexual freedom in the economic sphere. At a time when society is renewing and entering the world economy, the development of women's entrepreneurship is encouraged. This is the main source of development of the real sector of the economy. Through the socio-economic development of women's entrepreneurship, it is possible to observe a certain positive effect on achieving sustainable economic development of the country, especially in the prevention of poverty. This article highlights the role of women's entrepreneurship in the country's economy and the problems in its development and their solutions, conclusions and recommendations.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AFRICAN FREE TRADE POLICY (AGREEMENT) ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika P. Imoagwu ◽  
Joan N. Ozoh ◽  
Chinwe M. Madueke ◽  
Chidinma C. Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World

The signing of the agreement that established the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in the year 2019 is believed to be an African-based growth strategy that is self-reliant and is expected to be the world’s largest free trade area after the World Trade Organization (WTO). The agreement is an attestation to the fact that African countries cannot continue to rely solely on the global trading system and global economy of the world economic powers, probably because they are increasingly becoming unpredictable. However, there is an assumption that the aggregate consumer and business spending on the continent could rise if AfCFTA is implemented successfully. This assumption therefore calls for a research like this to evaluate the likely economic impacts of the free trade agreement on different African countries particularly Nigeria which is the giant of Africa and the focus of this study. To achieve the objectives of the study, descriptive statistical approach was utilized to examine how the AfCFTA could contribute particularly on poverty reduction and Nigeria has been struggling for many decades to reduce poverty. These variables were considered: household income, illiteracy level, unemployment level and access to health care. The results of the analyses revealed that the AfCFTA could be slightly beneficial to Nigeria as it would improve the efficiency of the factors of production and product markets thereby enhancing household income generation, reducing the level of illiteracy, unemployment and increasing access to good health, efficient resource allocation and improved industry competitiveness which was expected to help Nigeria record significant reduction in poverty level and increase in economic development. In the light of these findings, the study recommends that government should then design proactive strategies that would reap the full benefits of AfCFTA such as engaging the private sector in identifying receptive and risk surrounding their sectors and paying more attention to the development of the service sector etc. The study has potential limitations such as unavailability of recent data. To tackle this limitation, the study adopted the 2019 survey data on pillars of measuring human development index by World Bank to address the quality of the findings, and research question. JEL: F10, H13, O10 <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0779/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals SYSTEM DETERMINANTS OF UNEQUAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBALIZED WORLD

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Roman ZVARYCH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Geopolitical Risks

Introduction. Globalization has accelerated the transformation of authoritarian societies into the perception of individual elements of the liberal-market model. It created favorable conditions for their cooperation with developed Western countries; stimulated economic modernization; and attracted countries to world economic processes. Positive shifts in the development of developing countries are associated with high rate of growth. But on the other hand, globalization left national states little chance to preserve their own economic, political and cultural sovereignty and strengthened their dependence on the developed world. Purpose. Purpose of the article is research of the unequal economic participation and divergence of economic inequality in developing countries and estimation of their impact on the uneven development of the world. Methods. The method of content formalization the development, growth and convergence of developing countries is used; hypothetical-deductive method in evaluating the level of preindustrial inequality in the world is used; systematic approach to analyze income gap per capita between rich and poor countries is used; hypothesis method for poverty reduction ways and geopolitical risks elimination is used. Results. The research is focused on development, growth and convergence of developing countries in the world economy. It is estimated the level of preindustrial inequality and it is established the starting point of its occurrence in the world. The developing and industrialized world is concentrated in dozens of countries where economic growth was associated with structural changes in production and employment. The research showed a gap in income per capita between rich and poor countries. The exclusion of the least developed countries is a key factor of international inequalities in the world as a whole and within the developing regions. It is defined the share of people below the poverty line and the level of its influence on world development. If rapid growth has led to human development and social progress in some countries, then in much more countries this growth has not provided development. It is explored the poverty reduction measures, non-economic factors and geopolitical risks that can destroy the further growth of developing countries. Conclusion. In a context of structural change, the development of the global economy will largely depend on the growth rates of developing countries. Despite the growing of economic power, developing countries can face certain specific problems associated with the pursuit of rapid economic growth. For economic development, developing countries should eradicate poverty, create jobs and inclusive growth. This sustainable way of developing mobilizes human resources of developing countries. The spread of education is the basis of the development of countries that industrialized late. Infrastructure, both physical and social, is the basis for the earlier stages of industrialization. Developing countries should strive to combine economic growth with human development and social transformation. This requires the creative interaction between the state and the market over the dominance of the market model.

Does Poverty Reduction Cause Economic Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Mariam Ijaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Vec Model ◽  
The World

Extreme poverty is a threat faced by billions of people making economic development as a chief goal for most of the countries all over the world. Having a deep understanding of the whole gamut of poverty, this study attempts to empirically investigate that whether a causal link exists between poverty reduction and economic development or not? And if it exists, then what is the direction of that causal link. The Panel data cover 26 developing countries, on the basis of the availability of data, for the years from 1994 to 2015. Through Co-integration to Pairwise Granger Causality Test & Granger Causality based on VEC Model, this study analyses the causality between poverty reduction and economic development. This study, apart from poverty reduction, also incorporates some other independent variables affecting economic development. The trickle-up theory, adopted in this study, explains the channels through which poverty reduction could cause economic development. The main conclusion drawn from the empirical results is that a causal link running from poverty reduction to economic development exists. This implies that poverty reduction causes economic development.

Pre-imperial Chinese

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Writing System ◽  
World Language ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The World

Along with the rapid economic development of China, the Chinese language is becoming a popular target language of learning in the world. A large number of learners try hard to learn Chinese. It is even believed that this situation is not a fad; instead it will continue and will make Chinese a world language. This paper is a conceptual and theoretical refutation of the possibility of such a happening. An analysis is made with occasional comparison to English from the perspectives of sociolinguistics and specific limitations of the Chinese language. It is argued that the concept of world language is related to the concept of language dominance. Although economic status and population of speakers may facilitate the promotion of a language, they are far from enough to make it possible. A language spreads on several more conditions. Among them are the broad acceptance of the traditional culture that a language represents, extensively scattered speech communities, a multiplicity of audio-visual publications of wide circulation, and more importantly, ease of learning and use. Evidence shows that none of these conditions currently exists for Chinese. In particular, the complexity and difficulty of the writing system handicap its spread.

scholarly journals A data envelopment analysis approach for assessing the efficiency of small and medium-sized wood-furniture enterprises: a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana P. Sari ◽  
Naniek Utami Handayani ◽  
M. Mujiya Ulkhaq ◽  
Wiwik Budiawan ◽  
Dea Ladysia Maharani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Wood Furniture ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are widely recognised as the key engine of economic development. As a result of this recognition, a central issue dominating policy debates around the world and Indonesia in particular, has been how to stimulate economic growth through the deve-lopment of SMEs. During and beyond the financial crisis, the SMEs in Indonesia contributed to the employment growth and gave steady decline in poverty rate. Wood-furniture industry is one of two traditional labour-intensive industries in Indonesia which plays an important role in the economic development since the country is as one of the biggest furniture exporters in the world. However, the SMEs are facing difficulties in many areas, especially in spending their scarce resources efficiently. A case study to assess the efficiency of the wood-furniture SMEs has been conducted by applying the data envelopment analysis in Kangkung Village, Demak Regency, Indonesia. The results show that from ten assigned wood-furniture SMEs, there are six SMEs that are considered efficient, while the rest are regarded as inefficient. This research is expected to give some advantages to the SMEs regarding how to use their limited resources in an efficient way.

scholarly journals The Potential Impact of Family Life Education and Lay Counselor Training on Poverty in Developing Countries: The Example of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
David K Carson ◽  
Aparajita Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Counselor Training ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Family Life Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Education

Approximately one third of the world's 1.2 billion poorest people on earth live in India.  It is home to more people living in poverty than any other country in the world.  Although overall poverty rates in India have decreased in the past several decades because of India's emphasis on poverty reduction and community development since independence, the number of people at or below the poverty line remains in the hundreds of millions.  Poverty in India, as in many developing countries, is not just the absence of income but the presence of an ongoing state of helplessness, hopelessness, powerlessness, inequality, and marginalization of the poor.  This article examines how Lay Counselor Training and Family Life Education can have a potentially powerful and long-lasting impact on the socio-economic development of individuals, families, and communities in India.  The authors highlight how professionally trained Indian counselors and family life educators, in cooperation with NGO's and professionals from other areas of the world, can help reduce poverty and enhance healthy human development through the training of lay persons in both rural and urban areas, and how these efforts can, in turn, potentially augment the economic conditions of families and communities.  These effects become mutually reinforcing since the economic development of families and communities is also likely to enhance the mental and emotional health of family members and the overall resilience of the family.  Hence, a multimodal approach to poverty reduction is needed.  In this article India serves as an example for other developing countries.

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