Theoretical and Experimental Studies for Inhibition Potentials of Imidazolidine 4-One and Oxazolidine 5-One Derivatives for the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Sea Water

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-124
Author(s):  
Rehab M. Kubba ◽  
Nada M. Al-Joborry ◽  
Naeemah J. Al-Lami
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Experimental Studies

scholarly journals Theoretical and Experimental Studies for Inhibition Potentials of Imidazolidine 4-One and Oxazolidine 5-One Derivatives for the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Sea Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 2776-2796
Author(s):  
Rehab M Kubba ◽  
Nada M. Al-Joborry ◽  
Naeemah J. Al-lami
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Equilibrium Geometry ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Method ◽  
Derivatives Of

Two derivatives of Iimidazolidin 4-one (IMID4) and Oxazolidin 5-one (OXAZ5), were investigated as corrosion inhibitors of corrosion carbon steel in sea water by employing the theoretical and experimental methods. The results revealed that they inhibit the corrosion process and their %IE followed the order: IMID4 (89.093%) > OXAZ5 (80.179%). The %IE obtained via theoretical and experimental methods were in a good agreement with each other. The thermodynamic parameters obtained by potentiometric polarization measurements have supported a physical adsorption mechanism which followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Quantum mechanical method of Density Functional Theory (DFT) of B3LYP with a level of 6-311++G (2d, 2p) were used to calculate the geometrical structure, physical properties and inhibition efficiency parameters, in vacuum and two solvents (DMSO and H2O), all calculated at the equilibrium geometry, and correlated with the experimental %IE. The local reactivity has been studied through Mulliken charges population analysis. The morphology of the surface changes of carbon steel were studied using SEM and AFM techniques.

scholarly journals Corrosion in CO2 Systems with Impurities Creating Strong Acids

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3110 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307-1314
Author(s):  
Bjørn H. Morland ◽  
Morten Tjelta ◽  
Arne Dugstad ◽  
Gaute Svenningsen
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Strong Acids ◽  
Safety And Environment

There are several proposed specifications for CO2 transport regarding how much impurities that can be allowed in the CO2 stream. Many of these specifications are based on health, safety, and environment (HSE) considerations in case of accidental spill, and only limited focus has been on the pipeline integrity. Previous work has demonstrated that many of the impurities that are expected to be present in CO2 captured from flue gasses may react and form corrosive species. The present paper studied impurity reactions and corrosion under simulated transport conditions (25°C and 10 MPa of CO2). An experiment was performed in a transparent autoclave which allowed for in situ visual observation. Chemical reactions between the impurities were observed even at very low concentrations (<100 ppmv). These reactions contributed to the production of nitric and sulfuric acid together with formation of elemental sulfur. Corrosion was observed on coupons of carbon steel, but not on stainless steels. The corrosion rate of carbon steel was low, but the amount of acids and solids (corrosion products) produced cannot be accepted from a pipeline integrity perspective. Further experimental studies are needed to determine specific limits for impurity concentrations in captured CO2 for transport.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of Phosphate Coatings Deposited on the Surface of the Carbon Steel Used for Carabiners Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Petronela Burduhos-Nergis ◽  
Petrica Vizureanu ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Costica Bejinariu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Corrosive Environments

This study aims to evaluate the corrosion resistance of carbon steel, used for carabiners manufacturing, coated with three different types of phosphate layer. The phosphate layers have been obtained by phosphate conversion coating with three different types of phosphate solutions: zinc-based solution, zinc-iron-based phosphate solution, and manganese-based phosphate solution. Additionally, the test was performed on zinc phosphate samples impregnated with molybdenum bisulfate-based oil and zinc phosphate samples further coated with a layer of elastomer-based paint. Considering the areas where the carabiners are used (civil engineering, navigation, oil industry, rescue operations, etc.), the corrosive environments studied are rainwater, Black Sea water, and fire extinguishing solution. The structure of the deposited layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy, while the interface structure between the alloy and corrosive environment was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to this study, the corrosion resistance of zinc-based phosphate coated samples and zinc/iron-based phosphate coated samples is higher than that of the studied carbon steel samples, despite the corrosion environment. Also, the most aggressive corrosion environment was the fire extinguishing solution.

Exploring the corrosion performances of carbon steel in flowing natural sea water and synthetic sea waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-588
Author(s):  
Yunze Xu ◽  
Qipiao Zhou ◽  
Liang Liu ◽  
Qiliang Zhang ◽  
Shide Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Sea Water

Experimental Studies of Ratcheting of Pressurized Pipe

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Scavuzzo ◽  
P. C. Lam ◽  
J. S. Gau
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Stainless Steel Pipe ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Hoop Direction

In these studies, both dynamic and static tests were conducted on pressurized pipe. Dynamic tests were run on 1 in. Schedule 40 and Schedule 10 seamless 304 stainless steel pipe. Welded 1 in. Schedule 40 304 stainless steel pipe and seamless carbon steel (ASTM A106) pipe were tested statically. Internal pressures varied from 1000 psi to 3000 psi. In these tests, axial bending stresses from either inertial loads or static loads were superposed on to the initial pressure stresses. Strain gages were used to measure the cyclic strains on the outer walls of the pipe. Measurements indicated that ratcheting occurred primarily in the hoop direction and varied from a maximum at the top and bottom of the pipe that had the highest bending stresses to zero at the neutral axis. Though ratcheting occurred primarily in the hoop direction, some ratcheting in the axial direction was observed in 304 stainless steel pipe in both static and dynamic tests. Axial ratcheting was insignificant in the carbon steel pipe. Data obtained from these tests are presented. Measured ratcheting strains are compared to approximations of Beaney, Edmunds and Beer and to finite element computations.

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