Evaluation of Nutrient Removal from Different Parts of Koroneiki Olive Trees Grown in Sandy Soil as a Base of Fertilizer Recommendation in Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. El-Fouly ◽  
A. A. El-Taweel ◽  
I. M. S. Osman ◽  
Ikram Saad El-Din ◽  
S. H. A. Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Different Parts

Effects of water stress and soil type on photosynthesis, leaf water potential and yield of olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali Sfax)

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ben Rouina ◽  
A. Trigui ◽  
R. d'Andria ◽  
M. Boukhris ◽  
M. Chaïeb
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Olive Trees

In Tunisia, olives are grown under severe rain-fed, arid conditions. To determine the behaviour of olive trees (cv. Chemlali Sfax) during the severe drought affecting Tunisian arid areas in 2002, a range of physiological parameters were investigated in three adjacent orchards. Two olive orchards were rain-fed, one located on a sandy soil, and the other on a sandy-loam clay soil. A third orchard was also located on sandy soil, but received remedial irrigation (415 mm of water per year; ~40% of olive evapotranspiration). Predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) did not fall below –1.52 MPa for irrigated olive trees. However, a large decrease in Ψpd was observed for rain-fed olive trees in the same period with Ψpd measured at about –3.2 MPa on sandy soil and –3.6 MPa on sandy-loam clay soil. At the same time, the minimal leaf water potential recorded at midday (Ψmin) decreased to –4.15 MPa and –4.71 MPa in the rain-fed trees for sandy and sandy-loam clay soil, respectively. For irrigated trees, the Ψmin was –1.95 MPa. These results were associated with relative water content, which varied from 80% for irrigated trees to 54 and 43.6%, respectively, for rain-fed trees and trees subjected to severe drought. In August, when the relative water content values were less than 50%, a progressive desiccation in the outer layer of canopy and death of terminal shoots were observed in trees, which grew on the sandy-loam clay soil. Furthermore, low soil water availability also affected (negatively) the net photosynthetic rate in rain-fed orchards (10.3 µmol/m2.s for irrigated trees v. 5.3 µmol/m2.s in rain-fed trees on sandy soil) and stomatal conductance (98.5 mmol/m2.s v. 69.3 mmol/m2.s). However, it improved water use efficiency (7.6 v. 4.7 µmol CO2/mmol H2O), which increased by more than 50% in both groups of rain-fed trees compared with the irrigated ones. We can conclude that olive trees respond to drought by showing significant changes in their physiological and biological mechanisms. These results also help our understanding of how olive trees cope with water stress in the field and how marginal soils can restrict growth and lower yields.

scholarly journals Nutrient Removal from Olive Trees by Fruit Yield and Pruning

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Fernández-Escobar ◽  
Miguel A. Sánchez-Zamora ◽  
Jorge M. García-Novelo ◽  
Concepción Molina-Soria
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Abundant Element

The determination of nutrient removal from olive orchards could be of interest to estimate tree consumption and to provide information about the amount of nutrients to be applied when leaf analysis indicates the need for fertilization. In this work, nutrient removal from yield and pruning was determined from the control plots of two olive orchards located in different locations, in which two long-term experiments dealing with nitrogen fertilization were conducted. The trees from these plots received only potassium fertilizers during the 7 years of the experiments, because the previous season’s leaf analysis showed that the other nutrients were always above the threshold of sufficiency. Potassium was the most abundant element in the harvested fruits with an average of 4.42 g·kg−1 fresh fruit, which represents more than 50% of the mineral composition of the olive fruit, whereas calcium was the more abundant element in the pruning material with an average of 12.0 g·kg−1 and 6.87 g·kg−1, depending on the location, which represents more than 50% of the mineral composition of the pruning material. Nitrogen was the second more abundant element in both fruits (2.87 g·kg−1) and pruning material (6.87 and 5.40 g·kg−1, depending on the location), representing ≈35% of the mineral composition of both fruit and pruning material. The other nutrients were removed only in very small amounts. Expressed per hectare, the amounts of nutrients removed annually were: 57.9 kg·ha−1 per year calcium (Ca), 54.4 kg·ha−1 per year nitrogen (N), 45.5 kg·ha−1 per year potassium (K), 6.87 kg·ha−1 per year phosphorus (P), 3.79 kg·ha−1 per year magnesium (Mg), 0.12 kg·ha−1 per year copper (Cu), 0.11 kg·ha−1 per year boron (B), 0.08 kg·ha−1 per year manganese, and 0.05 kg·ha−1 per year zinc (Zn). These data show that olive trees remove small amounts of nutrients and, therefore, the need for fertilization is relatively low.

Distribution of nutrients in the active root area of olive trees under a drip irrigation system in a sandy soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. A. Shaaban ◽  
M. M. El-Fouly
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Iron Manganese

A study was carried out on the root distribution of mature olive trees (olea europaea, L., var. manzanillo) grown on a sandy soil, irrigated by means of drip irrigation, and on the nutrient distribution in the soil and plants. Soil was sampled at a distance of 20-160 cm from the tree trunks at depths of 0-80 cm. Leaves were also analysed for nutrient content. The roots were concentrated in the area 80-140 cm from the trunk at a soil depth of 20-60 cm, i.e. in the zone with the highest soil water content. In the horizontal layer, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper mostly decreased at the ends of the wet area, while in the vertical layer, the 0-20 cm surface soil layer was the richest in potassium, calcium, manganese, zinc and copper. Phosphorus concentrations fluctuated. The average values of potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper concentrations in olive leaves were significantly higher in bearing years than in non-bearing ones. For this reason it is important to increase the doses of fertilizers containing these elements after bearing years to replace the high removal.

scholarly journals The response of sweet corn to biochar and chemical fertilizer applications for a sandy soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Nattaporn Prakongkep ◽  
◽  
Robert John Gilkes ◽  
Worachart Wisawapipat ◽  
Parapond Leksungnoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

Sandy soils have limited agricultural production. Farmers try to overcome sandy soil constraints by using various soil amendments. This study aims to evaluate the combined effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on plant growth and nutrient uptake for sweet corn grown on a sandy soil in a glasshouse experiment. The pot experiment was conducted in a glasshouse at the Land Development Department, Bangkok using a super agro sweet corn variety (Market’s variety) (open pollinated variety) (Zea mays L.) on an Ustic Quartzipsamment at field capacity. The Complete Block Design with 2 replications and 16 treatments included 2 controls, 14 different biochar treatments (eucalyptus wood and rice husk biochars) with and without chemical (N, P and K) fertilizers applied at 1 and 2 times the fertilizer recommendation. The results showed that treatment 16 (rice husk biochar 40 ton ha-1 with chemical fertilizer at 2 times fertilizer recommendation: R40F2) was the best treatment which significantly (p<0.05) increased sweet corn growth and nutrient uptake. Clearly, biochar can increase nutrient uptake and plant yield to the benefit of farmers however biochar does not have sufficient plant nutrient contents to support maximum plant growth. Applying biochar together with chemical fertilizers is the best solution for sandy soils. Keywords: Sweet corn, rice husk biochar, eucalyptus wood biochar, chemical fertilizer, sandy soil.

Track 2.b Introduction: Design & Democracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Virginia TASSINARI ◽  
Ezio MANZINI ◽  
Maurizio TELI ◽  
Liesbeth HUYBRECHTS
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Core Theme ◽  
The Past ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Democratic Discourse ◽  
Different Parts

The issue of design and democracy is an urgent and rather controversial one. Democracy has always been a core theme in design research, but in the past years it has shifted in meaning. The current discourse in design research that has been working in a participatory way on common issues in given local contexts, has developed an enhanced focus on rethinking democracy. This is the topic of some recent design conferences, such PDC2018, Nordes2017 and DRS2018, and of the DESIS Philosophy Talk #6 “Regenerating Democracy?” (www.desis-philosophytalks.org), from which this track originates. To reflect on the role and responsibility of designers in a time where democracy in its various forms is often put at risk seems an urgent matter to us. The concern for the ways in which the democratic discourse is put at risk in many different parts of the word is registered outside the design community (for instance by philosophers such as Noam Chomsky), as well as within (see for instance Manzini’s and Margolin’s call Design Stand Up (http://www.democracy-design.org). Therefore, the need to articulate a discussion on this difficult matter, and to find a common vocabulary we can share to talk about it. One of the difficulties encountered for instance when discussing this issue, is that the word “democracy” is understood in different ways, in relation to the traditions and contexts in which it is framed. Philosophically speaking, there are diverse discourses on democracy that currently inspire design researchers and theorists, such as Arendt, Dewey, Negri and Hardt, Schmitt, Mouffe, Rancière, Agamben, Rawls, Habermas, Latour, Gramsci, whose positions on this topic are very diverse. How can these authors guide us to further articulate this discussion? In which ways can these philosophers support and enrich design’s innovation discourses on design and democracy, and guide our thinking in addressing sensitive and yet timely questions, such as what design can do in what seems to be dark times for democracy, and whether design can possibly contribute to enrich the current democratic ecosystems, making them more strong and resilient?

EVALUATION OF CLOVERS ON SANDY COASTAL SOIL

1977 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Williams ◽  
L.B. Anderson ◽  
B.M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Winter Annual

In evaluations of clover performances on summer-dry Himatangi sandy soil, it was found that none could match lucerne over summer. Emphasis was therefore placed on production in autumn-winter- early spring when lucerne growth was slow. Evaluations of some winter annual clover species suggested that Trifolium spumosum, T. pallidum, T. resupinatum, and T. vesiculosum would justify further investigation, along with T. subterraneum which is already used in pastures on this soil type. Among the perennial clover species, Kenya white clover (7'. semipilosum) showed outstanding recovery from drought and was the only species to produce significantly in autumn. However, it failed to grow in winter-early spring. Within red clover, materials of New Zealand x Moroccan origin substantially outproduced the commercial cultivars. Within white clover, material from Israel, Italy and Lebanon, as well as progeny of a selected New Zealand plant, showed more rapid recovery from drought stress and subsequently better winter growth than New Zealand commercial material ('Grasslands Huia'). The wider use of plant material of Mediterranean origin and of plants collected in New Zealand dryland pastures is advocated in development of clover cultivars for New Zealand dryland situations.

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