scholarly journals Crop Residues Management with Different Crop Establishment Methods in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)–Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cropping System

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Raghubar Sahu ◽  
S. K. Mandal ◽  
K. Sharda ◽  
D. Kumar ◽  
Jubuli Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Residue Retention

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif and rabi seasons of 2015 and 2016 at farmer’s field of Banka District as an On Farm Trial to study the crop residues management with different crop establishment methods in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. Treatment comprised two levels of crop residue management ie. residue removal and residue retention (33%) and three levels of crop establishment methods ie. (a) conventional puddled transplanted rice fb conventional-till wheat (PTR-CTW), two times ploughing with cultivator followed by two times puddling and one planking was done before the manual transplanting of 21 days old seedling at 20 cm spacing from row to row. After rice harvesting, wheat was sown by broadcasting in conventional tillage plots with two times harrowing with cultivator followed by one planking; (b) unpuddled transplanted rice fb zero-till wheat (UPTR-ZTW): two times ploughing with cultivator followed by planking, after that water is submerged for transplanting and wet tillage was avoided. 21 days old rice seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 20 x 15 cm. Wheat crop was sown under ZT using zero tillage machines; (c) zero-till direct-seeded rice fb zero-till wheat (ZTDSR-ZTW): direct-seeding of rice was done using zero-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill in ZT-flat plots at 20 cm row spacing. Wheat crop was sown in zero tillage using zero till machine. Rice variety (Rajendra Sweta) was sown directly by zero till in ZTDSR-ZT plots in the first fortnight of June. On the same date, rice seedlings for transplanting were raised in nursery by ‘Wet bed method’. Experiment was conducted in a split plot design which is replicated by thrice. Grain/panicle or spike, panicle or ear length and effective tillers/m2 recorded more in residue retention treatment and it was registered significantly superior with residue removal treatment under crop residue management in rice and wheat crop during both the years of experiment. Amongst crop establishment method, ZTDSR-ZTW was recorded more Grain/panicle or spike, panicle or ear length and effective tillers/m2 and it was significantly superior with UPTR-ZTW and PTR-CTW treatments under crop establishment methods in rice and wheat crop during both the years of experiment. Residues retention (33%) significantly improved the grain yield of both the component crops. For rice crop, 8.2–10.0% higher grain yield was realized with retention of crop residues. Grain and straw yield of rice were registered more in ZTDSR-ZTW (3.86-3.99 t/ha) & (5.56-5.75 t/ha) closely followed by UPTR-ZTW (4.38-4.45 t/ha). Concerning the data of residue management on economics revealed that the residue retention was recorded more gross return, net return as well as B: C ratio followed by residue removal treatment in both years of experimentation for rice and wheat crop and ZTDSR-ZTW was recorded more gross return, net return as well as B: C ratio followed by UPTR-ZTW and PTR-CTW treatments under crop establishment methods in rice and wheat crop during both the years of experiment.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage, Residue Management and Cropping System on the Properties of Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibek Thapa ◽  
Keshab Raj Pande ◽  
Baburam Khanal ◽  
Santosh Marahatta
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Residue Retention

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage practices, residue management and cropping system on soil properties at NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan from November 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was laid on Strip split design with combination of 12 different treatments i.e, zero tillage & conventional tillage as main plot in the strip, residue retention & residue removal as sub-plot factor and maize – wheat, maize + soybean – wheat & soybean – wheat cropping system as sub-sub plot factor. Three replications of the treatments were made. Soil sample before experiment and after harvest of wheat was taken (0-15cm). The experiment showed significant effect of zero tillage on organic carbon (2.169%) and on total soil nitrogen (0.112 %). Zero tillage with retention of residues is valuable tool for the conservation agriculture and helps in sustainability of soil however long-term research for the tillage management and residue retention should be conducted to highlight the major effects on change in properties of soil.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 164-168 

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Productivity and Profitability of Rice Cultivars under Rice-Wheat System

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Inamullah ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
The Impact

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility, reduced crop productivity, and grower’s income. Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are considered important nutritional constraints under rice-wheat cropping system. One strategy to increase crop productivity and grower’s income under the rice-wheat system is the balanced application of P and Zn fertilizers. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of sole and various combinations of P (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on productivity (grain yield and yield components) and profitability (net returns) of different rice genotypes (cultivars) (fine (cv.Bamati-385) vs. coarse (cv. Fakhre-e-Malakand and cv. Pukhraj)) and their residual effect on the income of the succeeding wheat crop (cv. Siran-2010). The results revealed that both rice and wheat productivity and profitability was higher with the combined application of both nutrients at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1 and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1). The highest productivity and profitability was obtained with the cultivation of hybrid rice “Pukhraj” (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that application of higher P and Zn levels and growing of hybrid rice increased productivity and profitability under the rice-wheat cropping system.

scholarly journals Direct and Residual Effect of Boron Application on Yield and Nutrients Content under Rice–wheat Cropping System

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Ankesh Chanchal ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Abhik Patra ◽  
Surendra Singh Jatav
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry

Aims: To investigate the direct and residual effect of boron application on yield and nutrient content under rice-wheat cropping system in middle Gangatic alluvial plan. Study Design: Completely random design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: Net-house of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India during 2017-18. Methodology: The pot experiment was comprised with ten treatments among them eight for boron (ranges from 0.5 to 4.0 mg B kg-1) along with control and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety ARIZE 6444 was used as test crop and after harvesting of rice crop, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety HUW 468 was grown in the same pot without fresh application B. The yield data was recorded after harvesting of rice and wheat. The nutrient content in grain and straw and post-harvest soil properties were analyzed using standard protocol. Results: The maximum grain yield in rice (44.07 g pot-1) was recorded in T5 (RDF + 1.5 kg B ha-1), whereas in wheat (19.70 g pot-1) was observed in T8 (RDF + 3 kg B ha-1). The maximum straw yield in rice (24.35 g pot-1) was recorded in T5 (RDF+ 1.5 kg B ka-1), whereas in wheat (48.65 g pot-1) was in T8 (RDF + 3 kg B ha-1). Application of RDF along with 1.5 kg B ha-1 was recorded the maximum (48.99%) harvest index in rice, whereas its (B) residual effect in wheat crop was maximum in RDF + 2 kg B ha-1. Application of B @ 1.5 kg B ha-1 significantly enhanced the Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn content in rice grain, whereas residual effect of 3 kg ha-1 B application has significantly improved the Fe, Cu and Mn content in wheat grain. Conclusion: It was found that application of B did not increased grain yield of rice and wheat significantly over RDF. A significant residual effect of B application in rice was noticed even after the harvest of wheat crop particularly at highest doses of B application.

scholarly journals Growth, productivity and profitability of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under rice–wheat cropping system as influenced by of in-situ microbial inoculated rice residue and nitrogen management

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Meena ◽  
Y. V. Singh ◽  
V. K. Meena ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Hardev Ram
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Yield Attributes

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in IGP deplete soil fertility and crop productivity. In order to maintain or enhance the sustainability of this system use of crop residues and biological formulation of microbes will be play an important role in this areas. Field experiment was conducted in rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at New Delhi, India to study the effect of microbial inoculated rice residue and N management on growth, productivity and economics of wheat under rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS). After rice harvest in both years, wheat variety “HD-2967” was grown on the same layout with applied treatments. Results of this experiment revealed that composting inoculated (CI) paddy straw mulch were recorded significantly higher effective tiller, spike length, spike weight, 1,000-grain weight(test weight) and yield during both the years. However, 100% RDN + Azotobacter (Liquid) was found maximum with regard to all yield and yield attributes characteristics. On economic comparison application of composting inoculated PSM with 100% RDN + Azotobacter gave maximum gross return and net returns.

scholarly journals Productivity and soil attributes as influenced by resource conservation technologies under rice- wheat system in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sah ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
SK Sah ◽  
RB Thapa ◽  
A McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Residue Retention

Rice-wheat system provides food, income, and employment to over 83 % of the people and contributes to national food security in Nepal. Sustainability of the system is under threat because of increasing cultivation cost and declining soil fertility. On-farm experiments were carried out to determine the effects of tillage and crop establishment methods, crop residue management, and nitrogen levels that affect soil attributes and productivity of the rice-wheat system during 2010- 2011at Bara, Nepal. The treatment consisted of three tillage and crop establishment methods viz. Conventional tillage (CT), Permanent bed planting (PB), and Zero-tillage (ZT); two residue management levels viz. Residue retention and Residue removal; and three nitrogen levels viz. Zero nitrogen, farmer’s dose (80 and 100 kgha-1 N for rice and wheat, respectively), and abundant nitrogen (120 kgha-1 N for both rice and wheat crop). The experiments were laid out in strip-split plot design with three replications. The research results revealed that rice grain yield was significantly higher in the plots receiving N level as applied by farmers that was similar to abundant nitrogen dose. Wheat grain yield was significantly higher with zero tillage compared to permanent bed planting and conventional tillage. Significantly higher wheat grain yield was also obtained due to abundant nitrogen dose than zero dose nitrogen which was similar to farmers’ dose of N as well. There was no significant difference in grain yield of rice and wheat due to residue retention, although, it improved soil moisture. In wheat crop, zero-till planting and increased nitrogen application conserved soil moisture, enhanced soil electrical conductivity and lowered soil temperature. It can be concluded that rice and wheat can be grown successfully with zero tillage and farmer’s nitrogen dose without any yield penalty. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 64-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9007

scholarly journals Soil Properties and Weed Dynamics in Wheat as Affected by Rice Residue Management in the Rice–Wheat Cropping System in South Asia: A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Ramanpreet Kaur ◽  
Simerjeet Kaur ◽  
Jasdev Singh Deol ◽  
Rajni Sharma ◽  
Tarundeep Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Residue Retention

The rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS) has substantially contributed in making India self-sufficient in food grain production; however, rice residue management is of great concern, threatening the sustainability of this system. Rice residue is invariably disposed of by farmers through open burning. In addition to environmental pollution, residue burning of rice also leads to loss of soil nutrients. One of the alternatives to overcome these problems and sustain the RWCS is managing the rice residues in the field itself. Rice residue retention has variable effects on agricultural pests (namely, weeds, insect pests, diseases, and rodents) in the RWCS. High weed infestation in the RWCS results in high consumption of herbicides, which leads to several ecological problems and evolution of herbicide resistance. The shift from intensive tillage to conservation tillage causes major changes in weed dynamics and herbicide efficacy. Incorporation of rice residue reduces weed density and helps in improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Rice residue retention on the surface or mulching reduces weed density and the biomass of both grass and broadleaf weeds in wheat crop as compared to its removal. Long-term field studies involving the use of rice residue as a component of integrated weed management strategies are needed to be done in the RWCS.

scholarly journals Performance of zero-till wheat (Triticum aestvium L.) with residue and weed management techniques under rice-wheat cropping system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
U. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Residue Retention

An experiment was conducted during at Varanasi to find out the effect of residue management with Trichoderma application and weed management practices (W1- - Control, W2 -Hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS, W3 - Isoproturon + 2,4-D (1.0 + 0.5 kg ha-1) at 30 DAS, W4 - Fenoxaprop 120 g ha-1 fb Metsulfuron 4 g ha-1 ) on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat(Triticum aestvium L.) with weed density, WCE and net returns. The residue retention with Trichoderma application produced significantly higher crop growth, yield attributes, grain and straw yield as compared to residue retention alone and residue removal. Among the weedicide option fenoxaprop fb metsulfuron treatment was found most effective in controlling weed population and produced significantly higher grain (3355.06 and 3722.27 kg-1 ha) and straw yields (5050.23 and 5332.77 kg-1 ha) and higher weed control efficiency (74.19 and 75.07 %). Out of herbicides, Isoproturon + 2, 4-D gave the highest net return as compared to fenoxaprop fb metsulfuron followed by hand weeding twice.

scholarly journals Performance of zero-till wheat (Triticum aestvium L.) with residue and weed management techniques under rice-wheat cropping system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
U. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Residue Retention

An experiment was conducted during at Varanasi to find out the effect of residue management with Trichoderma application and weed management practices (W1- - Control, W2 -Hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS, W3 - Isoproturon + 2,4-D (1.0 + 0.5 kg ha-1) at 30 DAS, W4 - Fenoxaprop 120 g ha-1 fb Metsulfuron 4 g ha-1 ) on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat(Triticum aestvium L.) with weed density, WCE and net returns. The residue retention with Trichoderma application produced significantly higher crop growth, yield attributes, grain and straw yield as compared to residue retention alone and residue removal. Among the weedicide option fenoxaprop fb metsulfuron treatment was found most effective in controlling weed population and produced significantly higher grain (3355.06 and 3722.27 kg-1 ha) and straw yields (5050.23 and 5332.77 kg-1 ha) and higher weed control efficiency (74.19 and 75.07 %). Out of herbicides, Isoproturon + 2, 4-D gave the highest net return as compared to fenoxaprop fb metsulfuron followed by hand weeding twice.

The role of management in yield improvement of the wheat crop—a review with special emphasis on Western Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
M. A. Hamza ◽  
D. L. Sharma ◽  
M. F. D'Antuono ◽  
F. C. Hoyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Positive Interactions

Modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been well adapted for survival and production in water-limited environments since it was first domesticated in the Mediterranean basin at least 8000 years ago. Adaptation to various environments has been assisted through selection and cross-breeding for traits that contribute to high and stable yield since that time. Improvements in crop management aimed at improving yield and grain quality probably developed more slowly but the rate of change has accelerated in recent decades. Many studies have shown that the contribution to increased yield from improved management has been about double that from breeding. Both processes have proceeded in parallel, although possibly at different rates in some periods, and positive interactions between breeding and management have been responsible for greater improvements than by either process alone. In southern Australia, management of the wheat crop has focused on improvement of yield and grain quality over the last century. Adaptation has come to be equated with profitability and, recently, with long-term economic and biological viability of the production system. Early emphases on water conservation through the use of bare fallow, crop nutrition through the use of fertilisers, crop rotation with legumes, and mechanisation, have been replaced by, or supplemented with, extensive use of herbicides for weed management, reduced tillage, earlier sowing, retention of crop residues, and the use of ‘break’ crops, largely for management of root diseases. Yields from rainfed wheat crops in Western Australia have doubled since the late 1980s and water-use efficiency has also doubled. The percentage of the crop in Western Australia that qualifies for premium payments for quality has increased 3–4 fold since 1990. Both these trends have been underpinned by the gradual elimination or management of the factors that have been identified as limiting grain yield, grain quality, or long-term viability of the cropping system.

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