scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Root Colonizing Dark Septate Endophyic Fungal Associations in Urginea indica and Urginea wightii Accessions

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
B. Mohana ◽  
Shiva Kameshwari ◽  
Hanumanth Rao
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Fungal Symbiosis ◽  
Fungal Association ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Urginea Indica ◽  
Over Exploitation

Urginea indica belongs to Hyacinthaceae family. It is also known as Indian squill, commonly called as wild Onions. The over exploitation and habitat degradation has resulted in the loss of habitat and it has caused genetic depletion and loss of genetic diversity. Immediate Measures have to be undertaken for conservation, to save this economically important medicinal plant. The present investigation is an attempt to highlight the occurance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) fungal association found in the root bulbs of Urginea indica. 8 Accessions of Urginea was examined in Urginea indica kunth and Urginea wightii accessions, collected from various regions of Karnataka and South India. Fungal Symbiosis was present in all the accessions, with 100% root infection. Urginea has DSE fungal association and AM Association. This is the first report on the DSE fungal association in Urginea indica kunth. In addition to the prevalance of AM fungal symbiosis. The role of DSE is still in infancy. Though noclear relationship between AM and DSE fungal colonizations was recognized. Our studies suggests the coexistence of AM and DSE fungal colonizations are common terrestrial habitats especially the xerophytic environment. DSE-plant symbiosis should not be limited to nutritional uptake but mediates other parameters such as drought resistance, stress tolerance and herbivore resistance. Our results show 100% infection by AM and DSE fungal colonies. Infection levels were high throughout the year, the highest levels occurring in the most nutrient-stressed situations. Their occurrence and variaton in different accessions is discussed below.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhiza and dark septate endophyte fungal associations of Oryza sativa L. under field condition: colonization features and their occurrence

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Kripamoy Chakraborty ◽  
Subam Banik ◽  
Atithi Debnath ◽  
Aparajita Roy Das ◽  
Ajay Krishna Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Local Farmers

The present study was aimed to study monthly colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal associations in rice. The presence of mycorrhizal structures in the roots confirms the colonization by AM fungi. The pattern of hyphae and arbuscules denotes Arum type of AM fungal morphology. The presence of dark coloured septate hyphae running frequently on the epidermal layer and in root cortex and the occurrence of microsclerotia marks the colonization by DSE fungi. The co-occurrence of both AM and DSE fungi ensure dual colonization by two distinct fungal groups. There was significant increase in arbuscules, vesicles and hyphal percentages from first to third month in both the samples collected from two sites. In the third month, AM colonization significantly higher in both the sites. DSE colonization percentages do not differ significantly in first to third month. A total of nine AM fungal species were recovered from two sites. This study is an effort to make aware the local farmers about the usefulness of these native AM mycobiota which can be a preferable choice over chemical fertilizers leading to ecofriendly organic farming.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungal associations in South Indian grasses

Symbiosis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kullaiyan Sathiyadash ◽  
Thangavelu Muthukumar ◽  
Eswaranpillai Uma
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Fungal Associations

Mycorrhizal and dark septate fungal associations in gingers and spiral gingers

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eswaranpillai Uma ◽  
Thangavelu Muthukumar ◽  
Kullaiyan Sathiyadash ◽  
Vellaisamy Muniappan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
First Time

Associations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungi with 38 ginger species (Zingiberaceae) and two spiral gingers (Costaceae) were investigated. All species were mycorrhizal, and the status of 35 gingers and one spiral ginger has been investigated for the first time. The extent of AM colonization and the root length colonized by AM structures varied significantly among species. AM structures were also observed in non-root portions such as scale leaves. Arbuscular mycorrhizae were of either Arum-type or intermediate- type; AM-type is reported for the first time in 37 species. Spores of 16 morphotypes belonging to 4 genera ( Glomus , Acaulospora , Scutellospora , Racocetra ) were identified from the rhizosphere soil. DSE colonization was found in 22 gingers and 2 spiral gingers. Twenty-two plant species are reported as hosts of DSE fungi for the first time. The extent of total AM and DSE colonization was not correlated.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Dark Septate Endophyte Fungal Association in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties, Southern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Raji MUTHURAJA ◽  
Thangavelu MUTHUKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The study examined the root characteristics, type of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal associations and their extent of colonization in 13 widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties in southern India. Root and associated soil samples of each cassava variety were collected from Salem and Kolli Hills of the Eastern Ghats in south India. In addition, we also investigated the relationship between the extent of colonization of AM, DSE fungal and AM fungal spore communities and soil characteristics for each cassava variety. Roots of all the cassava varieties were colonized by AM fungi and 12 varieties had co-colonization of DSE fungi. The AM morphology in all the cassava varieties was of an intermediate type with intercellular and intracellular linear hyphae and arbusculate coils. In addition, we found high AM colonization rates (73-89%) but only moderate rates by DSE (22-68%) fungi. We also found 17 AM fungal spore morphotypes and their abundance varied significantly among cassava varieties. In addition, different physicochemical properties of soils may possibly increase AMF diversity, while different varieties of cassava are commonly associated with differing levels of AM and DSE fungi colonization with soil factors potentially influencing the symbiosis.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungal associations in ferns and lycophytes of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, southern India

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thangavelu Muthukumar ◽  
Ganesan Sathiyaraj ◽  
Perumalsamy Priyadharsini ◽  
Eswaranpillai Uma ◽  
Kullaiyan Sathiyadash
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Ferns And Lycophytes

Fungal symbionts of endangered Crocanthemum canadense (Cistaceae) in Nova Scotia

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philicity Rose Marie Byers ◽  
Rodger Evans ◽  
Zoë Migicovsky ◽  
Allison Kathleen Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Scleroderma Citrinum ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
Nova Scotian

Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britt. (Cistaceae) is critically imperiled in Nova Scotia. The decline of Nova Scotian C. canadense is largely due to the loss of the Annapolis Valley sand barrens habitat. Fungal symbionts may aid in nutrient and water acquisition as well as plant defenses. The role of fungal associations with C. canadense is unknown; our goal was to identify fungal symbionts to inform ongoing conservation research. We isolated fungi from eighteen C. canadense plants collected from Greenwood, Nova Scotia. Using ITS rDNA barcoding of fungal cultures, we identified 58 fungal taxa. ITS2 meta-amplicon barcoding of roots and rhizosphere soil revealed 241 fungi with basidiomycetes accounting for 53.8% of reads. Chaetothyriales sp., Mycetinis scorodonius, Acidomelania panicicola, and Scleroderma citrinum were the most abundant root associates based on meta-amplicon data. We quantified percent root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) using root staining and microscopy. The average AMF colonization rate of the roots was 29.6% (n=18). We provide a foundation for understanding the fungal community in this declining habitat and the first account of fungal symbionts in the above- and below-ground tissues and rhizosphere of C. canadense. Identifying fungi influencing endangered Nova Scotian C. canadense is valuable for developing conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Dark Septate Endophyte Fungal Associations in South Indian Aquatic and Wetland Macrophytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Seerangan ◽  
Muthukumar Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Fungal Symbiosis ◽  
Am Morphology ◽  
First Time ◽  
Wetland Habitats

Investigations on the prevalence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal symbioses are limited for plants growing in tropical aquatic and wetland habitats compared to those growing on terrestrial moist or dry habitats. Therefore, we assessed the incidence of AM and DSE symbiosis in 8 hydrophytes and 50 wetland plants from four sites in south India. Of the 58 plant species examined, we found AM and DSE fungal symbiosis in 21 and five species, respectively. We reported for the first time AM and DSE fungal symbiosis in seven and five species, respectively. Intermediate-type AM morphology was common, and AM morphology is reported for the first time in 16 plant species. Both AM and DSE fungal colonization varied significantly across plant species and sites. Intact and identifiable AM fungal spores occurred in root zones of nine plant species, but AM fungal species richness was low. Though no clear relationship between AM and DSE fungal colonization was recognized, a significant negative correlation between AM colonization and spore numbers was established. Our study suggests that the occurrence of AM and DSE fungal symbiosis in plants growing in hydrophytic and wetland habitats is not as common as in terrestrial habitats.

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