Elemental Composition and Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous Leaf Extract and Stem Bark Extract of Crateva adansoni

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hugh Maduka ◽  
Emmanuel Akubugwo ◽  
Oluwale Olorunnipe ◽  
Aloysius Okpogba ◽  
Ann Maduka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals IN-VIVO ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF VITELLARIA PARADOXA GAERTN F. (SAPOTACEAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Z. Abdullahi ◽  
A. A. Jimoh ◽  
B. E. Patrick ◽  
M. I. Yakubu ◽  
D. Mallam
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Different parts of Vitellaria paradoxa plant have many applications in ethno-medicine. Some of the uses of this plant include treatment of diarrhoea and other GIT disorders. In this study the antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract of Vitellaria paradoxa was evaluated using three experimental models: Castor oil-induced diarrhoea; small intestinal motility and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) models in mice. Five groups of five mice were used for each model. Group one mice received 10 ml/kg of distilled water, while groups 2, 3, and 4 received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract orally respectively. Group 5 mice received Loperamide 5 mg/kg orally. Oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined using OECD (2008) Guideline 425. Phytochemical studies were conducted using standard procedures. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight and there were no signs of mortality or visible signs of toxicity in all the mice treated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones glycosides. Extract showed a dose-dependent anti-diarrhoeal activity by reducing stool frequency and consistency. The extract at the higher doses significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited GIT motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling, comparable to that of the reference control drug Loperamide. The study showed that ethanol stem bark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa possess anti-diarrhoeal activity and thus justifies its ethno-medicinal use in the treatment of diarrhoea.

Lack of in vitro antihyaluronidase activity of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera tinctoria L and methanolic stem bark extract of Stereospermum suaveolens DC

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
WanigasekaraDaya Ratnasooriya ◽  
ChathurangaBharathee Ranaweera ◽  
WalimuniPrabhashini Abeysekara ◽  
Ranjith Pathirana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Indigofera Tinctoria

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and toxicological effects of Amblygonocarpus andongensis aqueous stem bark extract in wistar albino rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Aliyu Ebbo Abdullahi ◽  
Teleh Elsa Abdullahi ◽  
Udok Etuk Emmanuel ◽  
Jengebe Ladan Muhammad ◽  
Alhaji Saganuwan Saganuwan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Qualitative phytochemical screening and antipyretic activity of methanolic stem bark extract of Mangifera indica in wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Godfrey Mutuma Gitonga ◽  
◽  
Joseph Ngeranwa ◽  
Alex King’ori Machocho ◽  
Silas Kiruki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals In vitro antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxicity, antioxidant action and GC-FID analysis of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Irabor ◽  
Osamudiamen Ebohon ◽  
Nekpen Erhunse ◽  
Osariemen T. Okugbo ◽  
Ehimwenma S. Omoregie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Vero Cell Line ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Abstract This study evaluated the in vitro antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity of Allanbackia floribunda stem bark extract, leaf extract and oil. It also assessed the phytochemical compositions and antioxidant action of the stem bark fractions as well as the phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction (dichloromethane). Trager and Jensen method was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum, Mark III test developed by WHO was used to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant’s crude extract and fractions against the ring stage of P. falciparum strain, Pf3D7. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero cell line using microculture tetrazolium (MTT) test. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was employed to identify phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction. The stem bark extract had better antiplasmodial activity (IC50Pf3D7 of 4.3 ± 0.17 μg/mL) compared with the leaf extract (IC50Pf3D7, 8.0 ± 0.28 μg/mL) and oil (IC50Pf3D7 > 100 μg/mL). Both the leaf and stem bark extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic compared with the standard cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The selectivity indices (S.I.) of the extracts against the parasite were 20.06 and 8.85 for the stem bark and leaf respectively. Dichloromethane fraction had the highest inhibition against the P. falciparum parasite with IC50Pf3D7 of 1.51 μg/ mL. GC-FID analysis showed high presence antiplasmodial flavonoids and terpenes. This investigation confirmed that A. floribunda stem bark has potent activity against P. falciparum, and it is relatively safe to normal cell. Article Highlights Allanblackia floribunda methanol stem bark and leaf extracts could inhibit the growth of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (Pf3D7) in vitro. The stem bark infusion of Allanblackia floribunda was found to be nontoxic and safe at moderate doses to normal cell line (Vero cell line). Dichloromethane fraction of the stem bark showed excellent inhibition against chloroquine sensitive malaria parasite.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of extracts from Urtica urens

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492
Author(s):  
M.K. Pillai ◽  
R.P. Matamane ◽  
S.B. Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Urtica Urens

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of various extracts from Urtica urens were evaluated against selected microorganisms using agar hole-plate diffusion method. A total of ten extracts namely U. urens hexane leaf extract (HLE), chloroform leaf extract (CLE), ethyl acetate leaf extract (ELE), methanolic leaf extract (MLE), hexane stem-bark extract (HSB), chloroform stem-bark extract (CSB), ethyl acetate stem-bark extract (ESB), methanolic stem-bark extract (MSB), chloroform root extract (CRT) and methanolic root extract (MRT) were prepared. These extracts were evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria viz. Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, four Gram-negative bacteria viz. Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli (wild strain) and Escherichia coli (O157:H7) and two fungal isolates viz. Candida albicans and Penicillium digitatum. The inhibition zones of these extracts were found to be in the range of 9.0±0.0 to 40.5±0.7 mm against bacterial isolates and 16.0±4.2 to 17.5±4.9 mm against C. albicans. However, all these extracts exhibited no visible zone of inhibition against P. digitatum. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these extracts were also determined and were found to be in the range of <31.25 to >1000 µg/mL against both bacterial and fungal isolates. From this study, we concluded that ELS, MLE, CRT and MRT showed promising antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Miriam Tagoe ◽  
Yaw Duah Boakye ◽  
Theresah Appiah Agana ◽  
Vivian Etsiapa Boamah ◽  
Christian Agyare
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Motility Assay ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Test Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth bark is used in the traditional medicine as a vermifuge. This study sought to determine the anthelmintic activity of the stem bark extract of Albizia ferruginea. The powdered A. ferruginea stem bark was extracted with ethanol. Phytochemical screening was carried out on A. ferruginea ethanol extract (AFE) and then screened for its anthelmintic property against Pheretima posthuma and Haemonchus contortus using the adult motility assay. The effect of AFE and its fractions on the anthelminthic activity of mebendazole and albendazole were also determined using the adult worm (P. posthuma) motility assay. AFE showed a dose-dependent anthelmintic activity against P. posthuma and H. contortus. The least concentration of AFE (0.5 mg/mL) paralyzed and killed P. posthuma within 272.50 ± 12.42  min and 354.50 ± 5.06  min of exposure, respectively. AFE at the least test concentration (0.14 mg/mL) caused paralysis and induced death of H. contortus, after at 63.50 ± 2.98 and 254.96 ± 2.44  min of exposure, respectively. AFE extract at 0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL increased the paralytic and helminthicidal activities of albendazole. The paralytic and helminthicidal activities of mebendazole were reduced when combined with AFE (0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL). Among the three fractions obtained from AFE, the methanol fraction showed the highest anthelmintic activity. The methanol fraction at 0.5 mg/mL caused paralysis after 69.90 ± 0.15  min and death of worm after 92.53 ± 0.74  min of exposure. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions showed relatively low anthelmintic activity. Phytochemical screening of AFE revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, and coumarins. The results from this study show that A. ferruginea possesses anthelmintic activity which gives credence to its folkloric use.

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