scholarly journals Screening of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss) Genotypes with Respect to Seedling Growth Physiology under Salinity and High-Temperature Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Satya Narayan Prasad ◽  
. Kavita ◽  
. Kiran ◽  
Trisha Sinha
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was carried out to screen mustard genotypes under individual and combined salinity and high-temperature stress at seedling stage. Seeds after being sown in soil-filled trays were subjected to two levels of salinity stress i.e. 4.0 dSm-1 and 6.0 dSm-1, and high-temperature (40℃), and their performances were also compared with control (1.2 dSm-1). Contrasting sets of genotypes were selected on the basis of seedling growth parameters such as germination percentage, seedling length, dry weight of seedlings, vigour index-I and vigour index-II, recorded in 15-day-old seedlings. With consideration to the genotypic variations observed under all the treatments, genotypes CS2009-347 and CS-52 were identified as tolerant, and genotypes CS2009-256 and CS2009-145 were identified as susceptible under salinity and high-temperature stress conditions. The results also revealed that the impact of salinity and high-temperature in combination on mustard at seedling stage was more detrimental than that of their effects under individual conditions. These findings of genotypic variations in terms of tolerance in seedling stage of Indian mustard might be helpful in selection of genotypes with improved tolerance to salinity and high-temperature.

Cross-tolerance Physiology of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes under Combined Salinity and High Temperature Stress Condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisha Sinha ◽  
Ajay Kumar Singh ◽  
Shailesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Background: Chickpea at seedling stage is highly sensitive to salinity and high temperature stress. Many studies explained plant responses under independent salinity and high temperature stress, but very little findings had revealed the combined effects of these two stresses on plants. So, the present experiment was aimed to study the response of chickpea genotypes for growth parameters and stress tolerance indices at seedling stage under individual and combined salinity and high temperature stress.Methods: A laboratory experiment during rabi season of 2018-2019 was conducted with thirty chickpea genotypes by comparing their responses under different salinity stresses i.e. EC 4.0 dSm-1 and 8.0 dSm-1 and high temperature (37°C). Seedling growth parameters i.e. germination percentage, vigour index and seedling dry weight along with stress tolerance indices like yield stability index and tolerance index were measured for 10-day-old seedlings.Result: The results revealed genotypic variations for all the parameters, based on which the genotypes KPG-59, IPC 2013-74 and NDG 15-6 were identified as tolerant, whereas KWR-108, BG-3075 and BG-3076 as susceptible. Interestingly, the results also showed that the tolerant genotypes exhibited maximum cross-tolerance at highest level of stress (T5) for germination percentage and vigour index, over control (T0), which might be attributed to their acclimatization while facing different stresses during early growth. So, the genotypic variations in chickpea for these parameters at germination stage might be good criteria for selection of tolerant genotypes under salinity and high temperature individually and also when combined.

scholarly journals Alterations of Endogenous Hormones, Antioxidant Metabolism, and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Relation to γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Regulated Thermotolerance in White Clover

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Hongyin Qi ◽  
Dingfan Kang ◽  
Weihang Zeng ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
White Clover ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Gaba Level ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Persistent high temperature decreases the yield and quality of crops, including many important herbs. White clover (Trifolium repens) is a perennial herb with high feeding and medicinal value, but is sensitive to temperatures above 30 °C. The present study was conducted to elucidate the impact of changes in endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level by exogenous GABA pretreatment on heat tolerance of white clover, associated with alterations in endogenous hormones, antioxidant metabolism, and aquaporin-related gene expression in root and leaf of white clover plants under high-temperature stress. Our results reveal that improvement in endogenous GABA level in leaf and root by GABA pretreatment could significantly alleviate the damage to white clover during high-temperature stress, as demonstrated by enhancements in cell membrane stability, photosynthetic capacity, and osmotic adjustment ability, as well as lower oxidative damage and chlorophyll loss. The GABA significantly enhanced gene expression and enzyme activities involved in antioxidant defense, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and key enzymes of the ascorbic acid–glutathione cycle, thus reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidative injury to membrane lipids and proteins. The GABA also increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid content in roots and leaves and cytokinin content in leaves, associated with growth maintenance and reduced leaf senescence under heat stress. The GABA significantly upregulated the expression of PIP1-1 and PIP2-7 in leaves and the TIP2-1 expression in leaves and roots under high temperature, and also alleviated the heat-induced inhibition of PIP1-1, PIP2-2, TIP2-2, and NIP1-2 expression in roots, which could help to improve the water transportation and homeostasis from roots to leaves. In addition, the GABA-induced aquaporins expression and decline in endogenous abscisic acid level could improve the heat dissipation capacity through maintaining higher stomatal opening and transpiration in white clovers under high-temperature stress.

scholarly journals GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGY AND YIELD RESPONSES OF FOUR ROCK MELON (CUCUMIS MELO VAR. CANTALOUPENSIS) CULTIVARS IN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rathnayake Mudiyanselage Nilusha Thushari Amarasinghe ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽  
Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab ◽  
ShairulIzan Ramlee ◽  
Juju Nakasha Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Yield Responses

Rock melon is a high value greenhouse crop. Reduction of economical crop yield in high temperature stress due to global warming is an emerging issue with Rock melon. Therefore, this study was conducted for evaluate the growth, physiology and yield of different Rock melon cultivars grown under high temperature stress. Four cultivars of rock melon (Lady-gold, Lady-green, Himalai-99 and Glamour) were evaluated for their physiological behaviors under two temperature (42±3°C and 47 ±3°C) regimes. In four cultivars of rock melon, leaf area, specific leaf area, relative growth rate, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate, malondialdehyde content and fruit yield of Rock melon were significantly differ in each temperature regime. Temperature significantly affects the fruit position in main branch. When temperature increases, Rock melon fruits shifts in to upper branches. While Lady-green and Glamour shown similar attributes in extreme temperature, most susceptible cultivar was the Lady-gold and most tolerant cultivar was the Himalai-99.This study identified the issues of extreme temperature related to the economical yield of rock melon cultivars which can be use in future crop modification and breeding.

scholarly journals Differential modulation of heat inducible genes across diverse genotypes and molecular cloning of a sHSP from Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S MukeshSankar ◽  
C. Tara Satyavathi ◽  
Sharmistha Barthakur ◽  
S.P Singh ◽  
Roshan Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Membrane Stability Index

AbstractEnvironmental stresses negatively influence survival, biomass and grain yield of most crops. Towards functionally clarifying the role of heat responsive genes in Pearl millet under high temperature stress, the present study were carried out using semi quantitative RT- PCR for transcript expression profiling of hsf and hsps in 8 different inbred lines at seedling stage, which was earlier identified as thermo tolerant/susceptible lines through initial screening for thermo tolerance using membrane stability index among 38 elite genotypes. Transcript expression pattern suggested existence of differential response among different genotypes in response to heat stress in the form of accumulation of heat shock responsive gene transcripts. Genotypes WGI 126, TT-1 and MS 841B responded positively towards high temperature stress for transcript accumulation for both Pgcp 70 and Pghsf and also had better growth under heat stress, whereas PPMI 69 showed the least responsiveness to transcript induction supporting the membrane stability index data for scoring thermotolerance, suggesting the efficacy of transcript expression profiling as a molecular based screening technique for identification of thermotolerant genes and genotypes at particular crop growth stages. As to demonstrate this, a full length cDNA of Pghsp 16.97 was cloned from the thermotolerant cultivar, WGI 126 and characterized for thermotolerance. The results of demonstration set forth the transcript profiling for heat tolerant genes can be a very useful technique for high throughput screening of tolerant genotypes at molecular level from large cultivar collections at seedling stage.

scholarly journals High-Temperature and Drought Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality with Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Lentil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Noureddine El Haddad ◽  
Hasnae Choukri ◽  
Michel Edmond Ghanem ◽  
Abdelaziz Smouni ◽  
Rachid Mentag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
The Impact

High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions. In addition, increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) due to global warming causes a severe challenge by influencing the water balance of the plants, thus also affecting growth and yield. In the present study, we evaluated 20 lentil genotypes under field conditions and controlled environments with the following objectives: (i) to investigate the impact of temperature stress and combined temperature-drought stress on traits related to phenology, grain yield, nutritional quality, and canopy temperature under field conditions, and (ii) to examine the genotypic variability for limited transpiration (TRlim) trait in response to increased VPD under controlled conditions. The field experiment results revealed that high-temperature stress significantly affected all parameters compared to normal conditions. The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions. The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively. However, the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron. Grain yield declined significantly by 43% in temperature stress and by 49% in the combined temperature-drought stress. The results from the controlled conditions showed a wide variation in TR among studied lentil genotypes. Nine genotypes displayed TRlim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa, with the genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibiting the lowest breakpoint. Genotypes with low breakpoints had the ability to conserve water, allowing it to be used at later stages for increased yield. Our results identified promising genotypes including ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria) that could be of great interest in breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contents under high-temperature and drought stress. In addition, it was found that the TRlim trait has the potential to select for increased lentil yields under field water-deficit environments.

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