scholarly journals High-Temperature and Drought Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality with Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Lentil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Noureddine El Haddad ◽  
Hasnae Choukri ◽  
Michel Edmond Ghanem ◽  
Abdelaziz Smouni ◽  
Rachid Mentag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
The Impact

High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions. In addition, increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) due to global warming causes a severe challenge by influencing the water balance of the plants, thus also affecting growth and yield. In the present study, we evaluated 20 lentil genotypes under field conditions and controlled environments with the following objectives: (i) to investigate the impact of temperature stress and combined temperature-drought stress on traits related to phenology, grain yield, nutritional quality, and canopy temperature under field conditions, and (ii) to examine the genotypic variability for limited transpiration (TRlim) trait in response to increased VPD under controlled conditions. The field experiment results revealed that high-temperature stress significantly affected all parameters compared to normal conditions. The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions. The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively. However, the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron. Grain yield declined significantly by 43% in temperature stress and by 49% in the combined temperature-drought stress. The results from the controlled conditions showed a wide variation in TR among studied lentil genotypes. Nine genotypes displayed TRlim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa, with the genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibiting the lowest breakpoint. Genotypes with low breakpoints had the ability to conserve water, allowing it to be used at later stages for increased yield. Our results identified promising genotypes including ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria) that could be of great interest in breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contents under high-temperature and drought stress. In addition, it was found that the TRlim trait has the potential to select for increased lentil yields under field water-deficit environments.

scholarly journals Impact of High Temperature Stress on Morpho Physiological Traits and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Maheswari P ◽  
◽  
Chandrasekhar C N ◽  
Jeyakumar P ◽  
Saraswathi R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

High temperature stress is a major environmental factor that affects crop growth, development and yield, it especially limits rice yield. Hence, an experiment was conducted to study the impact of high temperature on morpho-physiological parameters and yield of rice genotypes. Ten rice genotypes were used in this study viz., N22, ADT 36, ADT 37, ADT 43, ADT 45, CO 51, ASD 16, MDU 6, TPS 5 and Anna (R) 4. The study was carried out at OTC (Open Top Chamber) with the treatments of ambient, ambient +2O C and ambient +4O C. Stress was imposed from anthesis to early grain filling period. Observations on plant height, the number of tillers, leaf area, SPAD (Chlorophyll index) and chlorophyll stability index (CSI) were done after the stress imposement and grain yield was calculated after harvest. Results revealed that, the significant changes were observed in morpho-physiological traits and grain yield of rice genotypes among the treatments and with the genotypes. N22 (10% and 19%) and Anna (R) 4 (12% and 22%) recorded less reduction of grain yield in ambient +2O C and ambient +4O C compared with ambient, due to less reduction of total chlorophyll content, SPAD values, leaf area and increased plant height. These parameters resulted in higher biomass which indirectly contributed to higher grain yield in N22 and Anna (R) 4 under high temperature

Effect of high temperature stress on seed filling and nutritional quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
K. PRAVALLIKA ◽  
C. ARUNKUMAR ◽  
A. VIJAYKUMAR ◽  
R. BEENA ◽  
V. G. JAYALEKSHMI
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Seed Filling

scholarly journals Alterations of Endogenous Hormones, Antioxidant Metabolism, and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Relation to γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Regulated Thermotolerance in White Clover

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Hongyin Qi ◽  
Dingfan Kang ◽  
Weihang Zeng ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
White Clover ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Gaba Level ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Persistent high temperature decreases the yield and quality of crops, including many important herbs. White clover (Trifolium repens) is a perennial herb with high feeding and medicinal value, but is sensitive to temperatures above 30 °C. The present study was conducted to elucidate the impact of changes in endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level by exogenous GABA pretreatment on heat tolerance of white clover, associated with alterations in endogenous hormones, antioxidant metabolism, and aquaporin-related gene expression in root and leaf of white clover plants under high-temperature stress. Our results reveal that improvement in endogenous GABA level in leaf and root by GABA pretreatment could significantly alleviate the damage to white clover during high-temperature stress, as demonstrated by enhancements in cell membrane stability, photosynthetic capacity, and osmotic adjustment ability, as well as lower oxidative damage and chlorophyll loss. The GABA significantly enhanced gene expression and enzyme activities involved in antioxidant defense, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and key enzymes of the ascorbic acid–glutathione cycle, thus reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidative injury to membrane lipids and proteins. The GABA also increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid content in roots and leaves and cytokinin content in leaves, associated with growth maintenance and reduced leaf senescence under heat stress. The GABA significantly upregulated the expression of PIP1-1 and PIP2-7 in leaves and the TIP2-1 expression in leaves and roots under high temperature, and also alleviated the heat-induced inhibition of PIP1-1, PIP2-2, TIP2-2, and NIP1-2 expression in roots, which could help to improve the water transportation and homeostasis from roots to leaves. In addition, the GABA-induced aquaporins expression and decline in endogenous abscisic acid level could improve the heat dissipation capacity through maintaining higher stomatal opening and transpiration in white clovers under high-temperature stress.

Agronomic, physiological and molecular characterisation of rice mutants revealed the key role of reactive oxygen species and catalase in high-temperature stress tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Adeel Zafar ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Abdus Salam Khan ◽  
Zia-ul- Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Climatic variations have increased the occurrence of heat stress during critical growth stages, which negatively affects grain yield in rice. Plants adapt to harsh environments, and particularly high-temperature stress, by regulating their physiological and biochemical processes, which are key tolerance mechanisms. The identification of heat-tolerant rice genotypes and reliable selection indices are crucial for rice improvement programs. Here, we evaluated the response of a rice mutant population for high-temperature stress at the seedling and reproductive stages based on agronomic, physiological and molecular indices. Estimates of variance components revealed significant differences (P < 0.001) among genotypes, treatments and their interactions for almost all traits. The principal component analysis showed significant diversity among genotypes and traits under high-temperature stress. The mutant HTT-121 was identified as the most heat-tolerant mutant with higher grain yield, panicle fertility, cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) and antioxidant enzyme levels under heat stress. Various seedling-based morpho-physiological traits (leaf fresh weight, relative water contents, malondialdehyde, CMTS) and biochemical traits (superoxide dismutase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide) explained variations in grain yield that could be used as selection indices for heat tolerance in rice during early growth. Notably, heat-sensitive mutants accumulated reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase activity and upregulated OsSRFP1 expression under heat stress, suggesting their key roles in regulating heat tolerance in rice. The heat-tolerant mutants identified in this study could be used in breeding programs and to develop mapping populations to unravel the underlying genetic architecture for heat-stress adaptability.

scholarly journals Growth and yield components of wheat genotypes exposed to high temperature stress under control environment

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ataur Rahman ◽  
Jiro Chikushi ◽  
Satoshi Yoshida ◽  
AJMS Karim
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Heat Susceptibility Index ◽  
Green Leaf Area

High temperature stress during grain-filling period is one of the major environmental constraints limiting the grain yield of wheat in Bangladesh. Crop growth response and relative performance of yield components of ten wheat genotypes were studied in two temperature conditions in glass rooms in a Phytotron to identify the genotype tolerant to high temperature stress. A favourable day/night temperatures of 15/10, 20/15, and 25/20°C were maintained from sowing to 60 days after sowing (DAS), 61 to 80 DAS and 81 DAS to maturity, respectively, in one glass room (G1); whereas day/night temperatures in another glass room (G2) was always maintained at 5°C higher than that of G1. Green leaf area and number of tillers in different times, number of days for the occurrence of major crop growth stages, relative performance in yield components, grain yield and heat susceptibility index were estimated following the standard methods. The higher temperature enhanced plant growth, flowering, and maturation. Thus the number of days to booting, heading, anthesis, and maturity of wheat were significantly decreased that varied among the genotypes. Green leaf area and productive tillers/plant were drastically reduced in time under high temperature. The reduced number of grains/spike and smaller grain size resulted from drastic reduction in growth duration were responsible for the yield loss of wheat at high temperature. Out of ten wheat genotypes, three were characterized as high temperature tolerant based on their relative performance in yield components, grain yield and heat susceptibility index. Key Words: High-temperature tolerance, wheat genotype, growth and yield components. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3961 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 361-372, September 2009

scholarly journals Effect Of High Temperature On Yield Attributing Traits In Bread Wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khajan Singh ◽  
SN Sharma ◽  
Yogendra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Heat Susceptibility Index

High temperature stress is major constraint to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell) production. Generation of information on the effect of high temperature stress on various traits may be helpful for developing thermotolerance bread wheat variety. An experiment was conducted on a set of 10 diverse genotypes, their 45 F1s and F2s for identification of high temperature stress genotype. The experiment was conducted under normal and late sown condition. The parent HD 2851, P8W 520, and HS 448, and the crosses HS 448 × PBW 520, UP 2614 × K 209 and PBW 520 × HD 2851 for grain yield per plant were least affected under late sown conditions. Heat stress intensity (Dvalue) clearly indicated that grain yield per pant biological yield per plant and grain yield per spike suffered revively under late sown conditions. Keywords: Bread wheat; heat susceptibility index; tolerant genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9270 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 415-426

scholarly journals Evaluation of stress indices for screening of rice cultivars for high temperature tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-351
Author(s):  
Veronica N ◽  
Ashoka Rani Y ◽  
Subrahmanyam D ◽  
Narasimha Rao KL ◽  
Lal Ahamad M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

High temperature during the crop growing period is detrimental as it results in reduction of yield. A diverse set of rice germplasm consisting of 60 genotypes was grown at two different sowing times (normal and late) and were exposed naturally to high temperature in the late sown condition (stress). There was a severe reduction in grain yield and spikelet fertility in all the genotypes in the late sown crop. Yield based indices were computed based on grain yield recorded under normal and stress conditions. Indices Stress Susceptibility Index (STI), Geometric Mean Production (GMP), Mean Production (MP), Yield Index (YI), Modified stress tolerance (K1STI and K2STI) were positively correlated with yield recorded under both normal and high temperature stress condition and can be considered as suitable indices for screening of rice genotypes under high temperature conditions. Ranking genotypes based on the indices revealed that Rasi, HKR47, IR64, Khudaridhan, Akshayadhan and N22 exhibited the highest mean rank and hence they can be identified as heat-tolerant genotypes. ADT43, Vandana, IR36, MTU1001, ADT49 and Krishnahamsa had a lower rank and were identified as susceptible genotypes to high-temperature stress.

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