Assessment of the relationship of yield and its contributing traits in wheat

Wheat is an essential source of nutrition for humans and an important cereal crop of Pakistan due to its widespread use as food. To fulfill the nutrition needs of boosted population, crop yield must be improved. In this perspective, we conducted the experiment reported in this paper to achieve correlation and path coefficient attributes given by yield-related traits. Our study enables to understand the association and contribution of nine traits toward grain production. The genetic material was comprised of seven parents and twelve F1 hybrids. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield per spike, thousand grain weight, spike length, and number of tillers per plant have positive and significant correlation with grain yield per plant, at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that direct effects of number of tillers per plant, grain yield per spike, and spike length were positive. This data persuaded that selection based on these traits could be useful for breeding purposes to higher grain yield.

Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Background: Correlation analysis informs us about the relative importance of the breeding traits and quite useful for plant breeders to formulate their breeding and selection strategies. Path coefficient analysis splits the correlation coefficient into the measures of indirect and direct effect. It identifies the indirect and direct influence of different autonomous genotype on a dependent trait. Present study aimed to determine major seed contributing components affecting seed yield and also to know the relationship among these components. Methods: Present investigation was carried out on 147 advanced breeding lines to know the correlations and path coefficient for 12 yield and yield contributing traits. The material was evaluated in augmented block design with 07 blocks, each block having 21 lines. A set of three check varieties were repeated in each block. Observations were recorded on number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, plant height (cm), silique/plant, fruiting zone length (cm), main shoot length (cm), number of seeds/siliquae, siliquae length (cm), biological yield/plant (g), seed yield/plant (g), harvest index and test weight. Result: The seed yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation with primary branches per plant (0.273), secondary branches per plant (0.280), siliquae per plant (0.627), biological yield per plant (0.744), harvest index (0.188), test weight (0.212) and oil content (0.225). Biological yield per plant (0.5747) had maximum direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by siliquae per plant (0.2438), harvest index (0.127), oil content (0.118) and test weight. These characters have positive and significant association with seed yield per plant. The study thus indicated that biological yield per plant, siliquae per plant, harvest index and test weight are the important characters which should be considered in selection programme in Indian mustard.

​Character Association and Path Analysis in Heterotic Recombinant Inbred Lines in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Background: Garden pea is one of the principal vegetable crops cultivated in the temperate and sub- tropical areas of the world for its green pods. It is an important food legume worldwide after Phaseolus vulgaris. The knowledge about the interdependence of characters in a particular crop can effectively be employed to breed desirable cultivars and to challenge the consequences of the unprecedented biological, physical and chemical stresses of the future growing conditions. The regression and path analysis further has significance for the assured selection of the varieties with desirable traits and hence adaptation of species in different agro-climatic conditions; hence it is also one of the prerequisites for crop improvement programmes. Correlation and path analysis in garden pea explained that among all the yield contributing traits, number of pods per plant and pod weight have significant contribution in increasing the green pod yield per plant. Methods: 14 heterotic recombinant inbred lines and 17 existing cultivars of garden pea, were put to experimentation for working out the association of the yield and yield contributing component characters under the open field conditions of Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station, Bajaura Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India. This association was further elaborated through the coefficient of correlation and regression analysis and path coefficient analysis. Result: The genotypic correlation coefficients were found higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficients for all the characters studied. The correlation coefficients revealed that green pod yield per plant had highly significant and positive association with pod weight and number of pods per plant. The path coefficient analysis also revealed that the maximum positive direct effect on green pod yield per plant was exerted by the number of pods per plant, pod weight and 100-seed weight. Through regression equation analysis it became clear that number of pods per plant, pod weight contributed significantly in increasing the green pod yield per plant. With a unit increase in these independent characters, the green pod yield per plant will increase by 2.34 and 33.45 per cent. It can thus be concluded that despite of the positive correlation of almost all the characters with green pod yield per plant, only number of pods per plant and pod weight are important and significant independent characters for increasing the green pod yield per plant.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Yield Components in Toria [Brassica rapa (L)] Genotypes

This experiment was conducted at SGCARS Jagdalpur (C.G.), to assess correlation and path coefficient for 11 quantitative characters on 60 toria genotypes including one check Indira toria. The Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters considered under study. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed significant positive correlation for the traits silique per plant and seed per siliqua both at phenotypic and genotypic level with seed yield per plant. Path analysis revealed that silique per plant had highest positive direct effect towards seed yield per plant followed by siliqua length, days to maturity, harvest index, primary branches per plant, plant height, seed per siliqua and days to 50% flowering.

Some Genetic Parameters and Path Coefficient of Three-Way Crosses in Maize

Correlation and path coefficient analysis were worked out for ten morphological traits in 30 three-way crosses of maize. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation analysis indicated that ear length; row numbers per ear, grain numbers per row, leaf area and leaves numbers had a positive significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Further partitioning of correlation coefficients into direct and indirect effects showed that traits days to silking, row numbers per row and leaves numbers had a positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. The traits ear length, grain numbers per row and leaf area had a maximum total effect on grain yield. Furthermore, PCA analysis has gave interested results and it supported the results of correlation and path analysis. The correlation and path analysis obviously indicated that direct selection based on these attributes may be useful in raising grain yield in maize.

Studies on Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Yield and Quality Traits

The present investigation was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Polasa, Jagtial, Telangana state, India to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis towards yield, physical and chemical quality traits in 46 genotypes including two checks in Randomized Block Design with two replications during kharif, october, 2019. Association of yield and yield components and among grain yield characters makes us to understand their relationship towards selecting a high yielding and good quality varieties. The result from the study revealed that all the nineteen characters studied has shown a great range of variation for correlation and path analysis. The character association studies in this experiment revealed that the trait grain yield plant-1 had showed significant positive correlation with plant height, spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, milling %, hulling %, kernel length and kernel breadth whereas it showed negative and non-significant association with days to 50% flowering. The path analysis studies revealed that kernel length was the major contributor for grain yield plant-1 followed by plant height, spikelet fertility, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, milling %, gel consistency, amylose content and alkali spreading value. These characters showed direct positive effects for grain yield plant-1. From the study it can be concluded that the above characters can be used directly as the selection criteria in any rice yield improvement breeding programmes.

Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a flowering plant in the ginger family, is widely used as a food coloring in curry powder. Turmeric has long been used in both Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine an anti-inflammatory, to treat digestive disorders and liver problems. The active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin, which have been the various medicinal properties. To extract the curcumin, best variety should be selected. The ultimate aim of any programme is to obtain the high yield with quality and studies like correlation and path coefficient analysis to understand the association different characters and their final effect on the yield. The present study was attempted in this direction to analyze the association of different character on yield in Turmeric.