scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Responses of Arachis hypogea L. to Salinity and Irrigation Regimes in Screen House

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Pascal Tabi Tabot ◽  
Nchufor Christopher Kedju ◽  
Besingi Claudius Nyama ◽  
Achangoh Josaiah Abeche
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Screen House

Aims: The K3237-80 groundnut variety from IRAD Nkolbisson is widely preferred in the Central African sub region for its sizable seeds and high yields, thus its contribution to livelihoods and food security. Apart from yield rating studies, responses to abiotic stress have not been done for this variety. The aim of this research was to investigate the responses of K3237-80 groundnut variety to salinity and water stress in screen house, in order to predict growth and yield performance under predicted conditions of soil salinity and rainfall variability. Materials and Methods: The experimental design was a 4 by 3 factorial design. There were three levels of irrigation corresponding to 1100 mm, 2200 mm and 3300 mm crossed with four salinity levels of 0, 4, 8 and 12 ppt. Treatments were maintained till maturity and growth, yield and physiological parameters measured. Data were subjected to Factorial Analysis of Variance through the GLM approach, in the MINITAB Version 17 statistical package, followed by Spearman Rank Correlation and Factor analyses, all at α = 0.05. Results: It was found that this variety is mildly tolerant to salinity, as growth and yield decreased at salinity levels above 4 ppt. It is however resistant to irrigation water variability which explains why it does well in all five agroecological zones of Cameroon. Both salinity and irrigation treatments significantly influenced WUE, transpiration rate and TUE (p<0.05). Water use efficiency decreased from 3.23 g/l in plants irrigated with freshwater to 1.76 g/l in plants treated with water of 12 ppt salinity. Transpiration rate increased from 0.04 l/hr/plant at 0ppt to 0.06 l/hr/plant at higher salinities, while transpiration use efficiency correspondingly decreased significantly. Correlation analysis revealed that growth, yield and biomass parameters of A. hypogea are highly salinity-driven, while transpiration and water use efficiency are highly irrigation-dependent. Conclusion: Therefore groundnut can be grown to maturity at salinity of up to 12 ppt, the trade-off is reduced growth and yield, caused by disruptions in photosynthesis and water relations.

Influence of omitting irrigation and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and water use efficiency of coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kumar ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
R. Chhillar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment conducted on the sandy loam soil in New Delhi during the winter season of 2003–2004 indicated that the application of three irrigations at the branching, flowering and seed formation stages gave the maximum values of growth and yield attributes (plant height and branches plant −1 , umbels plant −1 , umbellets umbel −1 and seeds umbel −1 ) with the highest seed and stover yields, but was at par with omitting one irrigation at the seed formation stage. The data on the growth and yield indicated that, compared to the other stages, omitting irrigation at the flowering strage resulted in the greatest reduction. The growth and yield attributes and the seed and stover yield of coriander significantly responded to fertilization up to 80 kg N ha −1 . The crop evapotranspiration was the highest with the application of three irrigations, but the water use efficiency remained the highest when irrigation was omitted at the seed formation stage. Nitrogen fertilization up to 120 kg and 80 kg N ha −1 increased the water use and water use efficiency, respectively.

scholarly journals Coloured plastic mulches: impact on soil properties and crop productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Amare ◽  
Bizuayehu Desta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractMulches are materials applied in a soil surface for different roles and purposes. Plastic mulches with different colour have been developed and utilized in different crop production systems. Using coloured plastic mulches is mainly focused in modifying the radiation budget and decreasing the soil water loss. Besides, it helps to regulate soil temperature, water use efficiency, plant growth, yield, quality and weed and insect infestation. In this review, the knowledge and possible application of coloured plastic mulches, which can improve the soil physical properties, growth, yield, and quality crops has been reviewed and discussed. The role of coloured plastic mulches to mitigate the harmful effect of environmental stress in crops is also examined. Various physicochemical processes leading to improved crop production under the effect of coloured plastic mulches are also discussed. The combined results indicated that, effect of coloured plastic mulches is highly significant on soil temperature, moisture and water holding capacity. While black and blue plastics increase soil temperature, clear and white decreases it. Higher number of fruits, number of roots, tubers and bulbs was recorded in use of coloured plastic mulches. Similarly, the TSS, Vitamin C and juice percentage of different plants also showed significant improvement. It is also reported that weed infestation and viral diseases is highly reduced. Coloured plastic mulches also have some negative impacts like, decrease growth and yield in some plants, increase pest infestation, microplastics contamination, soil puddling, soil structural loss and reduce activity of soil-microorganisms. Therefore, use of coloured plastic mulches require close inspection of interaction with factors like; cropping season, root zone temperature, crop type, insect pest infestation and water use efficiency factors.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity Responses of Pepper to Sub-Irrigated Planter Systems in a Greenhouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Marjan Vahabi Mashhor ◽  
Mahmoud Mashal ◽  
Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh ◽  
Juan Reca ◽  
Maria Teresa Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Saturated Media ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Bottom Reservoir

A sub-irrigated planter (SIP) is a container irrigation technique in which water is supplied to the crop from the bottom, stored in a saturated media-filled reservoir beneath an unsaturated soil, and then delivered by capillary action to the root zone. The aim of this study was to optimize the water management and to assess the performance of this technique in terms of water use efficiency, soil moisture, and solute distribution in comparison with surface irrigation in a Mediterranean greenhouse. The experiment consisted of four SIP treatments, with a constant water level in the bottom reservoir in order to evaluate the effect of two different irrigation salinities (1.2 and 2.2 dS m−1) and two depths of substrate profiles (25 and 15 cm). The results showed that SIP is capable of significantly improving both water-use efficiency and plant productivity compared with surface irrigation. Also, a 24% average reduction in water consumption was observed while using SIP. Moreover, SIPs with a higher depth were recommended as the optimum treatments within SIPs. The type of irrigation method affected the salinity distribution in the substrate profile; the highest salinity levels were registered at the top layers in SIPs, whereas the maximum salinity levels for the surface treatments were observed at the bottom layers. SIPs provide a practical solution for the irrigation of plants in areas facing water quality and scarcity problems.

scholarly journals Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Reduced N Fertilization on Plant Growth, Root Morphology and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato Grown in Soilless Culture

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
Hanping Mao ◽  
Ghulam Rasool ◽  
Hongyan Gao ◽  
Qaiser Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various irrigation water (W) and nitrogen (N) levels on growth, root-shoot morphology, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency of greenhouse tomatoes in spring–summer and fall–winter. The experiment consisted of three irrigation water levels (W: 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), 80%, and 60% of full irrigation) and three N application levels (N: 100%, 75%, and 50% of the standard nitrogen concentration in Hoagland’s solution treatments equivalent to 15, 11.25, 7.5 mM). All the growth parameters of tomato significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with the decrease in the amount of irrigation and nitrogen application. Results depicted that a slight decrease in irrigation and an increase in N supply improved average root diameter, total root length, and root surface area, while the interaction was observed non-significant at average diameter of roots. Compared to the control, W80 N100 was statistically non-significant in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The W80 N100 resulted in a yield decrease of 2.90% and 8.75% but increased irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) by 21.40% and 14.06%. Among interactions, the reduction in a single factor at W80 N100 and W100 N75 compensated the growth and yield. Hence, W80 N100 was found to be optimal regarding yield and IWUE, with 80% of irrigation water and 15 mM of N fertilization for soilless tomato production in greenhouses.

scholarly journals WATER USE EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT CULTIVATED UNDER COMPETITION WITH Setaria

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Z. IHSAN ◽  
F.S. EL-NAKHLAWY ◽  
S.M. ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Understanding the critical period of weed competition is indispensable in the development of an effective weed management program in field crops. Current experiment was planned to evaluate the critical growth period ofSetaria and level of yield losses associated with delay in weeding in rain-fed drip irrigated wheat production system of Saudi Arabia. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of weeding interval (07-21, 14-28, 21-35, 28-42 and 35-49 days after sowing) and drought stress (75% and 50% of field capacity) on Setaria growth, wheat yield and water use efficiency. Season long weedy check and wellwatered (100% FC) plots were also maintained for comparison. Weeding interval and drought stress significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth and yield of Setaria and wheat. Drought stress from 75% to 50% FC resulted in reductions of 29-40% in Setaria height, 14-27% in Setaria density and 11-26% in Setaria dry biomass. All weeding intervals except 35-49 DAS significantly suppressedSetaria growth as compared with control. Delay in weeding increased weed-crop competition interval and reduced wheat yield and yield contributors. Therefore, the lowest yield of 1836 kg ha-1 was attained for weeding interval of 35-49 DAS at 50% FC. Water use efficiency and harvest index increased with decreasing FC levels but reduced with delay in weeding. Correlation analysis predicted negative association ofSetariadensity with wheat yield and yield contributors and the highest negative association was for harvest index (-0.913) and water use efficiency (-0.614). Early management of Setaria is imperative for successful wheat production otherwise yield losses are beyond economical limits.

Water Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Hemarthria Compressa

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 578-585
Author(s):  
Zhong Wen Yang ◽  
Jun Ying Jin ◽  
Xin Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hemarthria Compressa

Water stress is an important approach to use water resources efficiently and remit the agricultural water shortage. Hemarthria compressa is one of perennial grasses, a pasture of high quality, which has abundant species resources in China. To explore the response of the growth, yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of Hemarthria compressa under water stress, this study, adapting pot experiment, imposed three water stress degree (LD, MD and SD) treatments and a control treatment on Hemarthria compressa. The data of growth indicators during control period, yield and total water consumption were obtained. The results show a noticeable inhibitory action of water stress on the growth of Hemarthria compressa. Along with the intensifying of water stress, plant height increment, leaf area, total biomass, dry matter of each organ and yield decreased, and the root-shoot ratio increased firstly and inclined to slump finally. Plants under the middle water stress treatment achieved the greatest WUE of 38.25 kg/m3. The first 10d in the water control period was the most sensitive period of the pasture responding to water stress.

scholarly journals PHENOLOGY, YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SUNFLOWER IN FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENT AND NITROGEN / FENOLOGIA, RENDIMIENTO Y EFICIENCIA EN EL USO DEL AGUA EN FUNCION DEL AMBIENTE Y NITRÓGENO / PHÉNOLOGIE, RENDEMENT ET EFFICACITÉ DE L’UTILISATION DE L’EAU EN FONCTION DES ENVIRONS ET DE L’AZOTE CHEZ LE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Olalde G. ◽  
J. Alberto Escalante E. ◽  
Angel A. Mastache L.
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYDuring the rainy season of 1998, a field experiment was established in Cocula, Guerrero (hot subhumid climate, Awo) and in Montecillo, México (semiarid climate, BS1), to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (0, 10 and 20 g m-2) and environment on phenology, yield and its components, water use efficiency (WUE), and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and heat units (HU) accumulated during the growth cycle of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. Victoria. The crop was planted on June 1 at a density of 7.5 pl m-2 in both climates. In Cocula, maximum and minimum temperatures were more extreme and rainfall was more intense, while soil was poor in total nitrogen, compared with Montecillo. Crop growth, yield and its components, and water use efficiency were affected significantly by the environment, nitrogen and the interaction environment * nitrogen. The crop cycle in the hot environment was 36 days shorter, with a greater accumulation of HU and ETc. Yield and its components and water use efficiency were significantly higher in Cocula. Nitrogen positively affected the evaluated variables. The interactive effect of environment * nitrogen was observed clearly, since in Cocula there was response to the application of nitrogen in most of the variables evaluated, while in Montecillo there was not.

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