scholarly journals Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity Responses of Pepper to Sub-Irrigated Planter Systems in a Greenhouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Marjan Vahabi Mashhor ◽  
Mahmoud Mashal ◽  
Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh ◽  
Juan Reca ◽  
Maria Teresa Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Saturated Media ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Bottom Reservoir

A sub-irrigated planter (SIP) is a container irrigation technique in which water is supplied to the crop from the bottom, stored in a saturated media-filled reservoir beneath an unsaturated soil, and then delivered by capillary action to the root zone. The aim of this study was to optimize the water management and to assess the performance of this technique in terms of water use efficiency, soil moisture, and solute distribution in comparison with surface irrigation in a Mediterranean greenhouse. The experiment consisted of four SIP treatments, with a constant water level in the bottom reservoir in order to evaluate the effect of two different irrigation salinities (1.2 and 2.2 dS m−1) and two depths of substrate profiles (25 and 15 cm). The results showed that SIP is capable of significantly improving both water-use efficiency and plant productivity compared with surface irrigation. Also, a 24% average reduction in water consumption was observed while using SIP. Moreover, SIPs with a higher depth were recommended as the optimum treatments within SIPs. The type of irrigation method affected the salinity distribution in the substrate profile; the highest salinity levels were registered at the top layers in SIPs, whereas the maximum salinity levels for the surface treatments were observed at the bottom layers. SIPs provide a practical solution for the irrigation of plants in areas facing water quality and scarcity problems.

scholarly journals Improvement of Economic Water Productivity of Cucumber by using Soil Water Retention Technology under Subsurface Trickle Irrigation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Fatima Sadoon Mushab ◽  
Sabah Anwer Almasraf
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Use Efficiency

Subsurface soil water retention (SWRT) is a recent technology for increasing the crop yield, water use efficiency and then the water productivity with less amount of applied water. The goal of this research was to evaluate the existing of SWRT with the influence of surface and subsurface trickle irrigation on economic water productivity of cucumber crop. Field study was carried out at the Hawr Rajab district of Baghdad governorate from October 1st, to December 31st, 2017. Three experimental treatments were used, treatment plot T1 using SWRT with subsurface trickle irrigation, plot T2 using SWRT with surface trickle irrigation, while plot T3 without using SWRT and using surface tickle irrigation system. The obtained results showed that the economic water productivity in plot T1 was greater than plots T2 and T3. The increasing value was about 65 % and 124 %, respectively. The benefit of the installing SWRT along with subsurface trickle irrigation in the crop root zone assisted to keep the water, nutrients and fertilizers during the root zone profile, improving the field water use efficiency and then the parameter of water productivity.

scholarly journals Improving Water Use Efficiency and Water Productivity for Okra Crop by using Subsurface Water Retention Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Anwer Almasraf ◽  
Ali Hassan Hommadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Utilizing the modern technologies in agriculture such as subsurface water retention techniques were developed to improve water storage capacities in the root zone depth. Moreover, this technique was maximizing the reduction in irrigation losses and increasing the water use efficiency. In this paper, a polyethylene membrane was installed within the root zone of okra crop through the spring growing season 2017 inside the greenhouse to improve water use efficiency and water productivity of okra crop. The research work was conducted in the field located in the north of Babylon Governorate in Sadat Al Hindiya Township seventy-eight kilometers from Baghdad city. Three treatments plots were used for the comparison using surface trickle irrigation system: Polyethylene sheet (SWRT) was used in plot T1, controlled irrigation in plot T2 and uncontrolled irrigation in plot T3. Irrigation quantities, time of irrigation, soil water contents were measured for all treatments plots. The results indicated that water use efficiency for the three experimental plots, T1, T2, and T3 were: 2.43, 1.94 and 0.98 kg/m3, respectively.  The increasing value in water use efficiency of T1 plot compared with T2 and T3 plots were 25 and 148 %, respectively. Additionally, the water productivity of okra crop for T1, T2, and T3 plots was: 12800.9, 8744.8, and 4736.3 ID/m3, respectively. The increasing value of the water productivity of T1 compared with plots T2 and T3 was 46 and 170 %, respectively. From this study, the benefit of using membrane sheet below the soil surface resulted in an increase in the value of yield, water use efficiency and water productivity. Moreover, saving water and reduced the water losses by deep percolation were resulted.      

scholarly journals Increasing the Productivity and Efficiency of Water Use by Reserving Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Hommadi ◽  
Wisam Abdulabbas Abidalla ◽  
Ahmed Sami Naser
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
Use Efficiency

One use of technology in agriculture involves setting up a reserving sheet for subsurface moisture under the root zone of wheat crops, which is symbolized by SWRT, to conserve the water in the root zone. This reduces the field water losses by raising the efficiency of water use (WUE) and economical water productivity (EWP). For this study, an SWRT membrane sheet was put under the root zone of wheat crops throughout the growing season, from the winter of November 2019 to the end of the season in April 2020, in a free field. The study was conducted on a private farm located in the province of Babylon in Sadat Al-Hindya Town, which is approximately 70 km from the capital (Baghdad). Surface irrigation was utilized for the irrigation of the wheat crops. Two methods were used: method A1 utilized the SWRT sheet and method A2 was conducted without the SWRT sheet. The irrigation water supply, irrigation period, and soil water content before and after irrigation were computed and recorded every day for the A1 and A2 methods. The values of wheat crop production (yield), water use efficiency, and economical water productivity from the two plots were computed and compared. The results obtained for water use efficiency for the two methods, A1 and A2, were 0.51 and 0.47 kg/m3, respectively. The increment in yield of plot A1 compared with plot A2 was 6.45%. The increment in WUE of plot A1 compared with plot A2 was 8.55%. In addition, the WP of the wheat crop for plots A1 and A2 were 144.44 and 119.16 ID/m3, respectively, while the increment in WP of plot A1 compared with plot A2 was 21.21%. The findings show that the SWRT method prevents the environmental effects of pesticide and fertilizers that enter the groundwater and pollute it. This technology assists in saving water and plant nutrients, and prevents pollution of the groundwater from pesticides and excess fertiliser.

scholarly journals Water Retention Techniques under Crop’s Root Zone a Tool to Enhance Water Use Efficiency and Economic Water Productivity for Zucchini

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Hommadi ◽  
Sabah Anwer Almasraf
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Membrane Sheet

 A new technique in cultivation by installing membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone was helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. In this paper, the membrane sheet was installed below the root zone of zucchini during the summer growing season 2017 in open field.  This research was carried out in a private field in Babil governorate at Sadat Al Hindiya Township reached 72 km from Baghdad. Surface trickle irrigation system was used for irrigation process. Two treatment plots were used, treatment plot T1 using membrane sheet and treatment plot T2 without using the membrane sheet. The applied irrigation water, time of irrigation, soil moisture contents before irrigation were calculated and recorded daily for the two treatments plots. Values of crop yield, Field water use Efficiency and economic water productivity were discussed and compared between the plots. The obtained results indicate that field water use efficiency for the two plots, T1 and T2 were: 6.04 and 4.64 kg/m3, respectively.  The increasing value in field water use efficiency (FWUE) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 30.2 %. Additionally, the value of economic water productivity of zucchini crop for plots T1 and T2 was: 20514.1 and 15031.7 ID/m3, respectively. The increasing value of the Economic water productivity (EWP) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 36.5 %. The value of water saving in plot T1 was 16.7%. The reduction in frequency of irrigation at T1 was 12 %.            zucchini, water use efficiency, membrane sheet, and economic water productivity.

scholarly journals Evaluating Growth, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of African and Commercial Ginger Species in South Africa

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auges Gatabazi ◽  
Diana Marais ◽  
Martin J. Steyn ◽  
Hintsa T. Araya ◽  
Motiki M. Mofokeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
The Impact

Ginger species play an important economic role as medicinal plants, food flavourings, and dietary supplements. Products from ginger, including oil and fresh and dried rhizomes can be used to treat malaria, asthma, headaches, and act as anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents. The cultivation of wild plant species can alleviate the pressure from harvesting from the wild. Under cultivation, the major constraints on crop yield and quality are water availability and plant nutrition. Therefore, the impact of water stress on commercial and African ginger was assessed in the rain shelter study. Irrigation treatments were based on the maximum allowable depletion (MAD) levels of plant available water in the root zone (T1: 20–25% MAD, the control; T2: 40–45% MAD; T3: 60–65% MAD; T4: 80–85% MAD). As water stress decreased, the plant height and number of stems per plant of both plant species were positively affected. The number of open stomata was higher for well-watered and less stressed treatments in both ginger species. Higher fresh and dry rhizome yields were recorded for commercial ginger at all water treatments as compared to those from African ginger. In general, water use efficiency (WUE) of fresh and dry rhizome yield was higher for commercial ginger as compared to the indigenous African ginger, while moderately stressed treatments generally resulted in the highest WUE for both species.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Responses of Arachis hypogea L. to Salinity and Irrigation Regimes in Screen House

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Pascal Tabi Tabot ◽  
Nchufor Christopher Kedju ◽  
Besingi Claudius Nyama ◽  
Achangoh Josaiah Abeche
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Screen House

Aims: The K3237-80 groundnut variety from IRAD Nkolbisson is widely preferred in the Central African sub region for its sizable seeds and high yields, thus its contribution to livelihoods and food security. Apart from yield rating studies, responses to abiotic stress have not been done for this variety. The aim of this research was to investigate the responses of K3237-80 groundnut variety to salinity and water stress in screen house, in order to predict growth and yield performance under predicted conditions of soil salinity and rainfall variability. Materials and Methods: The experimental design was a 4 by 3 factorial design. There were three levels of irrigation corresponding to 1100 mm, 2200 mm and 3300 mm crossed with four salinity levels of 0, 4, 8 and 12 ppt. Treatments were maintained till maturity and growth, yield and physiological parameters measured. Data were subjected to Factorial Analysis of Variance through the GLM approach, in the MINITAB Version 17 statistical package, followed by Spearman Rank Correlation and Factor analyses, all at α = 0.05. Results: It was found that this variety is mildly tolerant to salinity, as growth and yield decreased at salinity levels above 4 ppt. It is however resistant to irrigation water variability which explains why it does well in all five agroecological zones of Cameroon. Both salinity and irrigation treatments significantly influenced WUE, transpiration rate and TUE (p<0.05). Water use efficiency decreased from 3.23 g/l in plants irrigated with freshwater to 1.76 g/l in plants treated with water of 12 ppt salinity. Transpiration rate increased from 0.04 l/hr/plant at 0ppt to 0.06 l/hr/plant at higher salinities, while transpiration use efficiency correspondingly decreased significantly. Correlation analysis revealed that growth, yield and biomass parameters of A. hypogea are highly salinity-driven, while transpiration and water use efficiency are highly irrigation-dependent. Conclusion: Therefore groundnut can be grown to maturity at salinity of up to 12 ppt, the trade-off is reduced growth and yield, caused by disruptions in photosynthesis and water relations.

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