scholarly journals Influence of Organic Manures on Soil Physical Properties, Organic Carbon and Crop Yield in Okra-Dhaincha-broccoli Cropping Sequence

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Vishaw Vikas ◽  
Jag Paul Sharma ◽  
A. K. Mondal ◽  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Abhijit Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Water Holding

A study was conducted at Organic Farming Research Centre of SKUAST -Jammu during 2016 to 2017 to find out the impact of organic manures on soil organic carbon, physical and crop growth parameters Okra-Dhaincha-Broccoli cropping sequence. The Soil Organic Carbon was analyzed by Chromic acid wet digestion method. However, in soil physical properties Bulk density was analyzed by Core method, water holding capacity by Keen Rackzowski Method and Infiltration rate by Double Ring Method. In the experiment, soil organic carbon was found non-significant in experiment. Bulk density was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very captivating change was observed as compared to control; T8 as the lowest value treatment with value 1.26 g cm-3 was recorded. Water holding capacity was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very positive change was observed as compared to control as WHC with highest value 43.68% was noted in T8 in 2017. Infiltration rate was also found to be significant in year 2016-17 as very positive change was observed as compared to control. Significant improvement in root volume, root length was observed in Okra and same was noted in size of curd in broccoli as compared to control. The significant impact of organic manures on soil quality parameters will provide a new way to improve the soil health and productivity in a sustainable way.

scholarly journals Surface-Applied Biosolids Enhance Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks but Have Contrasting Effects on Soil Physical Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia L. Jin ◽  
Kenneth N. Potter ◽  
Mari-Vaughn V. Johnson ◽  
R. Daren Harmel ◽  
Jeffrey G. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soc Stocks

Mid- to long-term impacts of land applying biosolids will depend on application rate, duration, and method; biosolids composition; and site-specific characteristics (e.g., climate, soils). This study evaluates the effects of surface-broadcast biosolids application rate and duration on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, soil aggregate stability, and selected soil hydraulic properties in a municipally operated, no-till forage production system. Total SOC stocks (0–45 cm soil) increased nonlinearly with application rate in perennial grass fields treated for 8 years with 0, 20, 40, or 60 Mg of Class B biosolids (DM) ha−1 yr−1(midterm treatments). Soil organic C stocks in long-term treatment fields receiving 20 years of 20 Mg ha−1 yr−1were 36% higher than those in midterm fields treated at the same rate. Surface-applying biosolids had contrasting effects on soil physical properties. Soil bulk density was little affected by biosolids applications, but applications were associated with decreased water-stable soil aggregates, increased soil water retention, and increased available water-holding capacity. This study contrasts the potential for C storage in soils treated with surface-applied biosolids with application effects on soil physical properties, underscoring the importance of site-specific management decisions for the beneficial reuse of biosolids in agricultural settings.

Effects of spent mushroom substrate on soil physical conditions and plant growth in an intensive horticultural system

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. C. Stewart ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
I. S. Cornforth ◽  
J. R. Sedcole
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Surface Crust

A 2-year field trial determined the influence of applying spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on soil physical properties and the growth of 4 consecutive vegetable crops (sweetcorn, cabbage, potato, cabbage). Treatments comprised 0, 20, 40, and 80 t/ha of moist SMS, both with and without inorganic fertiliser, applied to each crop, giving a range of SMS rates up to 320 t/ha. SMS improved the environment for plant root growth by decreasing soil bulk density (by 0· 05-0·25 g/cm 3 at 100 mm depth), increasing aggregate stability (by 13-16%), reducing clod and surface crust formation (by 16-31 and 18-94%, respectively), increasing the infiltration rate (by 130-207 mm/h), increasing the water content of the soil (by 0-7% w/w), and reducing diurnal temperature changes. Some of these changes were not evident until repeated applications of 80 t/ha SMS had been made. Soil physical properties were related to crop yield, and soil physical properties’ principal components were related to crop principal components using regression analysis (r2 of 0·20-0·60 and 0·16-0·54, respectively). The soil physical properties that had the most influence on plant growth were specific to each crop and included bulk density, water content, surface crust cover, infiltration rate, and aggregate size distribution. Soil physical properties had a large influence on the potato yield irrespective of fertiliser use and on both cabbage crop yields when fertiliser was not used, but not on the sweetcorn yield (the first crop to be grown). The effect of changing soil physical properties on plant growth was most apparent when fertiliser was not used. This was because the improved physical properties increased plant yield (at least in part) because of increased plant nutrient uptake.

Changes of soil organic carbon and its fractions in relation to soil physical properties in a long-term fertilized paddy

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seul Bi Lee ◽  
Chang Hoon Lee ◽  
Ki Yuol Jung ◽  
Ki Do Park ◽  
Dokyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Physical Properties

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM MINIMUM TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A CHERNOZEMIC CLAY LOAM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CHANG ◽  
C. W. LINDWALL
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
No Till

This study was conducted to compare the long-term (20 yr) effects of conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-till on various soil-water related properties within the tilled layer (0–30 and 30–60 mm) and immediately below the tilled layer (90–120 mm) under a spring cereal-summerfallow rotation cropping system. Parameters measured included saturated hydraulic conductivity, saturation percentage, plant-available water-holding capacity, large pore porosity, bulk density, and infiltration rate of the soil. Tillage treatment effects on these soil properties in each of the four sampling periods were not significantly different. The confidence interval test showed some temporal changes in these soil physical properties, of which hydraulic conductivity was the most affected. In the summerfallow field, regardless of the previous cereal crops, the steady infiltration rate was significantly lower in the soil under conventional tillage than with that under no-till. The results indicate that the surface soil structure was most stable under no-till. In the fresh stubble field, the type of cereal crop had an effect on the infiltration rate of the soil. The mean infiltration rate was higher in the summerfallow field than in the fresh stubble field and also was higher in the fresh barley stubble than in the fresh wheat stubble. Except for infiltration rates, there is no significant advantage of one tillage method over the other with respect to the soil physical properties measured in this Brown Chernozemic clay loam soil. Key words: No-till, minimum tillage, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, infiltration

scholarly journals Water infiltration into soil related to the soil tillage intensity

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kroulík ◽  
J. Hůla ◽  
R. Šindelář ◽  
F. Illek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Direct Drilling

Soil infiltration capacity is one of the key factors in the soil protection against unfavourable effects of water erosion. The purpose of its measuring was to compare and evaluate the changes of the soil physical properties and of water infiltration into soil caused by different intensity of soil cultivation at two individual sites. The ploughing (PL), shallow tillage (ST), and direct drilling (NT) effects on the soil physical properties, water infiltration into soil, and soil surface coverage with the crop residua under the soil condition loamy Haplic Luvisol, with long-term growing of maize (Zea mays L.) - Agroservis, 1<sup>st</sup> Agricultural, a.s., Vi&scaron;ňov&eacute; - and clay soil of Calcic Chernozem (Cooperative farm Klap&yacute;), were compared. Soil bulk density values in the variant with ploughing showed in the depth up to 0.20 m considerably lower values as compared with the variants shallow tillage and direct drilling. Nevertheless, in the subsoil layer the bulk density of soil in the variant with ploughing increased in comparison with other variants. The results were also confirmed by the cone index values. At the plots in Vi&scaron;ňov&eacute; the infiltration was evaluated utilising the double ring infiltrometer, and by means of the coloured water infiltration. The results revealed significant differences in the water infiltration rate at various stages of the soil loosening. The highest average values were recorded for ploughing (1.00 dm<sup>3</sup>/min). The lowest values were found for the shallow soil tillage (0.18 dm<sup>3</sup>/min). The variant with direct drilling showed values of 0.53 dm<sup>3</sup>/min. The coloured water infiltration evaluation showed a different character of water flow in soil. The variant with ploughing showed water saturation in the top layer, the variants with reduced tillage were characterised by vertical macropores and crack effects with the water drain into deeper layers. Ploughing proved its advantage for the short-term rainfall retention. Similar results were also brought in the evaluation on the plot with clay soil (Klap&yacute;). The loosening effect was evident during coloured water infiltration in the period of snow thawing. The loosed soil layer showed a significantly higher soil water holding capacity as compared with variants with reduced soil tillage. The result showed major differences in the water infiltration rate into soil and different characters of water infiltration into soil at different soil tillage.

scholarly journals Soil physical properties and soil organic carbon content in northeast Brazil: long-term tillage systems effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cristina Caparelli Oliveira ◽  
Gabriel William Dias Ferreira ◽  
João Lucas Santos Souza ◽  
Matheus Emannuel Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Alceu Pedrotti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content

Long-term continuous cropping, fertilisation, and manuring effects on physical properties and organic carbon content of a sandy loam soil

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Hati ◽  
A. Swarup ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
A. K. Misra ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Soil Water Retention

Effects of continuous cropping, fertilisation, and manuring on soil organic carbon content and physical properties such as particle size distribution, bulk density, aggregation, porosity, and water retention characteristics of a Typic Ustochrept were examined after 31 cycles of maize–wheat–cowpea (fodder) crop rotation. Five contrasting nutrient treatments from a long-term fertiliser experiment were chosen for this study: control (no fertiliser or manure); 100% (optimum dose) nitrogen (N) fertiliser; 100% nitrogen and phosphorus (NP); 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK); 100% NPK + farmyard manure (NPK+FYM). The NPK+FYM treatment significantly improved soil organic carbon (SOC) content in 0–0.15 m soil compared with the other 4 treatments; the NPK treatment resulted in significantly more SOC than the control and N treatments (P < 0.05). The SOC in NPK and NPK+FYM treatments was 38.6 and 63.6%, respectively, more than the initial level of SOC (4.4 g/kg) after 31 cycles of cropping. The control and N treatments maintained the SOC status of the soil at the initial value. NPK+FYM significantly improved soil aggregation, soil water retention, microporosity, and available water capacity and reduced bulk density of the soil at 0–0.30 m depth. Greater crop growth under the NPK treatment resulted in increased organic matter content of soil, which improved aggregate stability, water retention capacity, and microporosity compared with the control. The effects were more conspicuous with the NPK+FYM treatment and at the surface soil (0–0.15 m). Application of imbalanced inorganic fertiliser (N and NP treatments) did not have a deleterious effect on the physical properties of the soil compared with the control. SOC content showed a highly significant and positive correlation with mean weight diameter (0.60), % water-stable macro-aggregates (0.61), and soil water retention at –0.033 MPa (0.75) and –1.5 MPa (0.72), and negative correlation with bulk density (–0.70) for the surface 0–0.15 m soil. The study thus suggests that application of balanced mineral fertilisers in combination with organic manure sustains a better soil physical environment and higher crop productivity under intensive cultivation.

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