Impacts of Cover Crops on Soil Physical Properties: Field Capacity, Permanent Wilting Point, Soil-Water Holding Capacity, Bulk Density, Hydraulic Conductivity, and Infiltration

A field experiment was carried out at Khaled Ibn El-waleed village, Sahl El-Hussinia, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two summer seasons 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of NPK nanofertilizers, biofertilizers and humic acid combined with or without mineral fertilizers different at rates on some soil physical properties and soybean productivity and quality under saline soil conditions. The treatments consisted of: NPK-chitosan, NPK-Ca, humic acid, biofertilzer and control (mineral NPK only). In both seasons, the experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replicates. The results indicated a significant increase in the soybean yield parameters as compared to control. There was also a significant increase in dry and water stable aggregates in all treatments as compared to control. The treatment NPK-Chitosan was the best in improving dry and stable aggregates. Also, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity values were significantly increased in all treatments due to increase in soil aggregation and porosity that led to increase in values of hydraulic conductivity. Values of bulk density were decreased, the lowest values of bulk density were found in NPK-chitosan treatment as a result of the high concentration of organic matter resulted from NPK-chitosan is much lighter in weight than the mineral fraction in soils. Accordingly, the increase in the organic fraction decreases the total weight and bulk density of the soil. Concerning soil moisture constants, all treatments significantly increased field capacity and available water compared to control. This increase was due to improvement of the soil aggregates and pores spaces which allowed the free movement of water within the soil thereby, increasing the moisture content at field capacity.

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Quantifying variability of soil physical properties within soil series to address modern land-use issues on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr99091 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1115 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

T. H. Webb ◽

J. J. Claydon ◽

S. R. Harris

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Clay Content ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Soil Series ◽

Available Water ◽

Wilting Point

Lack of accurate data to estimate soil physical properties for soil types is limiting the wide application of simulation models to address modern environmental and land-use issues. In this study, systematic sampling of soil profiles for soil physical characteristics has provided an improved basis upon which to estimate a number of soil physical properties for 4 soil series. The selected soils form a soil drainage sequence on the post-glacial surface of the Canterbury Plains and vary from shallow sandy loam, well-drained soils to deep clay loam, poorly drained soils. Three profiles within 3 map units were sampled for each of 4 soil series. Three horizons in each soil profile were sampled for soil porosity values, particle size, and saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity. Variability in all data, as shown by coefficient of variation, increased in the order: total porosity = field capacity < wilting point < total available water = clay content < readily available water < macroporosity < sand content < hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity exhibited high variability within horizons, between profiles, and within soil series. Temuka subsoils had extremely high variability in saturated hydraulic conductivity and this could be explained by their coarse prismatic structure. Analysis of variance identified horizons that differed in soil physical properties between soil series. Horizons that do not differ between series may be given pooled soil property values for the pooled series. Total porosity, field capacity, wilting point, clay content, and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity had the greatest number of differences (60–70%) between series comparisons, while total available water had fewest differences (5%). The series with greatest differences in drainage class (Temuka compared with Eyre or Templeton soils) recorded the largest number of differences in water release characteristics and particle size. There were few differences between well-drained Eyre and moderately well-drained Templeton series. Subsoils of Eyre series differed in hydraulic conductivity from subsoils for the other 3 series, but few differences in hydraulic conductivity were found between horizons of Templeton, Wakanui, and Temuka series. Hydraulic conductivity estimates for these series can therefore be pooled.

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Effect of management practice on properties of a Victorian red-brown earth .1. Soil physical-properties

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9950851 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 851 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

MS Lorimer ◽

LA Douglas

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Practice ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Native Forest ◽

Continuous Cropping

The effects of five management practices (native forest, native pasture, Phalaris pasture, crop-pasture rotation, continuous cropping), that had been in place for 18 years, on some soil physical properties of a red-brown earth near Bendigo, Victoria, were studied. Particle size distribution, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of soil in the A and B horizons at different, management sites were measured. Where cultivation had occurred, soil in the A horizon contained less silt and clay, and more fine sand and coarse sand. The bulk density of the A horizon of soil that had produced at least six wheat crops since 1969 was greater than that of soil used for pasture or forest, while the hydraulic conductivity of soil cropped every year since 1969 was much less than that of soil under native forest. Particle size distributions for soil from the B horizons at the five management sites were found to be similar. Where pastures and crops had been established, the hydraulic conductivity of the upper B horizon was lower, and the bulk density was higher, than that of soil in the native forest (Eucalyptus spp).

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Morpho-physical Properties of Soils of Kanamadi South Sub-watershed of Karnataka

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2021/v22i230383 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-25

Author(s):

Ashay D. Souza ◽

P. L. Patil

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Clay Content ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Maximum Water ◽

Irs P6 Liss Iv ◽

Water Holding

An investigation was carried out to determine the morpho-physical status of soils of Kanamadi South sub- watershed in Karnataka state of India. A detailed soil survey of Kanamadi South sub watershed was carried out using IRS P6 LISS-IV image and a total of ten pedon location which were well distributed in Kanamadi South sub-watershed was selected. The soils were shallow to deep. Colour of pedons varied from 10 YR 2/1 (black) to 10 YR 4/3 (brown). Soil texture varied from clay to clay loam, having loose to moderately subangular to angular blocky in structure with few fine roots distributed in surface horizons. Generally, the clay content increased with depth. Consistency of soil pedons ranged from slightly hard to hard when dry, friable to firm when moist, slightly sticky to very sticky and slightly plastic to very plastic when wet. The maximum water holding capacity of soil horizons ranged from 59.65 to 79.15 per cent and generally increased down the depth. The bulk density of pedons varied from 1.17 to 1.37 Mg m-3. In general, bulk density varied with depth with lowest bulk density at surface and highest recorded in sub surface depths. The field capacity varied from 28.21% to 41.32 %.The morphological and physical properties study in area helps for resource inventorization for successful watershed planning for soil and water conservation to enhance the potential of fertility of soils and major fertility enhancement to increase the soil productivity.

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Influence of Organic Manures on Soil Physical Properties, Organic Carbon and Crop Yield in Okra-Dhaincha-broccoli Cropping Sequence

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i2130289 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-59

Author(s):

Vishaw Vikas ◽

Jag Paul Sharma ◽

A. K. Mondal ◽

Vikas Sharma ◽

Abhijit Samanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Positive Change ◽

Organic Manures ◽

Cropping Sequence ◽

Water Holding

A study was conducted at Organic Farming Research Centre of SKUAST -Jammu during 2016 to 2017 to find out the impact of organic manures on soil organic carbon, physical and crop growth parameters Okra-Dhaincha-Broccoli cropping sequence. The Soil Organic Carbon was analyzed by Chromic acid wet digestion method. However, in soil physical properties Bulk density was analyzed by Core method, water holding capacity by Keen Rackzowski Method and Infiltration rate by Double Ring Method. In the experiment, soil organic carbon was found non-significant in experiment. Bulk density was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very captivating change was observed as compared to control; T8 as the lowest value treatment with value 1.26 g cm-3 was recorded. Water holding capacity was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very positive change was observed as compared to control as WHC with highest value 43.68% was noted in T8 in 2017. Infiltration rate was also found to be significant in year 2016-17 as very positive change was observed as compared to control. Significant improvement in root volume, root length was observed in Okra and same was noted in size of curd in broccoli as compared to control. The significant impact of organic manures on soil quality parameters will provide a new way to improve the soil health and productivity in a sustainable way.

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Physical characteristics of soils in the landslide areas of Cadac-an Watershed in Leyte, Philippines

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr4129.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 115-129

Author(s):

Jorge Cabelin ◽

Beatriz Jadina

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Particle Density ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Water Holding Capacity ◽

Total Soil ◽

Water Holding

Landslides have become very frequent in Leyte which justifies the need for soil assessment and characterization of the landslide-prone areas in the province. This study assessed the physical characteristics of soils from the landslide areas in Cadac-an watershed in Leyte, Philippines. Landslide cuts located in the central highlands of Cadac-an watershed were used as representative profiles in this study. These were examined, characterized and sampled for the analyses of soil physical properties which include particle size distribution (Pipette method), bulk density (Paraffin-clod method), particle density (Pycnometer method), porosity, total soil wet density, water holding capacity and field capacity (Gravimetric method), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Constant head method), liquid limit and plastic index. Generally, soils from the landslide areas in Cadac-an watershed had a sandy loam to clay loam to clayey texture, low bulk density, low particle density, high porosity, moderate total soil wet density, moderate to high water holding capacity, low to moderate field capacity, moderately high to high saturated hydraulic conductivity, moderate liquid limit and low plastic index. Based on the above characteristics, the soils are susceptible to landslide occurrence thus it is highly recommended to conduct constant assessment and monitoring the area.

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EFFECT OF LONG-TERM MINIMUM TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A CHERNOZEMIC CLAY LOAM

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss89-046 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 443-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

C. CHANG ◽

C. W. LINDWALL

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

No Till

This study was conducted to compare the long-term (20 yr) effects of conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-till on various soil-water related properties within the tilled layer (0–30 and 30–60 mm) and immediately below the tilled layer (90–120 mm) under a spring cereal-summerfallow rotation cropping system. Parameters measured included saturated hydraulic conductivity, saturation percentage, plant-available water-holding capacity, large pore porosity, bulk density, and infiltration rate of the soil. Tillage treatment effects on these soil properties in each of the four sampling periods were not significantly different. The confidence interval test showed some temporal changes in these soil physical properties, of which hydraulic conductivity was the most affected. In the summerfallow field, regardless of the previous cereal crops, the steady infiltration rate was significantly lower in the soil under conventional tillage than with that under no-till. The results indicate that the surface soil structure was most stable under no-till. In the fresh stubble field, the type of cereal crop had an effect on the infiltration rate of the soil. The mean infiltration rate was higher in the summerfallow field than in the fresh stubble field and also was higher in the fresh barley stubble than in the fresh wheat stubble. Except for infiltration rates, there is no significant advantage of one tillage method over the other with respect to the soil physical properties measured in this Brown Chernozemic clay loam soil. Key words: No-till, minimum tillage, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, infiltration

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Comparison of the physical properties of soils belonging to different reference soil groups

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/31/2020-swr ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 29-38

Author(s):

Jan Vopravil ◽

Pavel Formánek ◽

Tomáš Khel

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Particle Density ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Capillary Water ◽

Water Capacity ◽

Available Water Capacity ◽

Permanent Wilting Point ◽

Wilting Point ◽

Soil Groups

Soil properties can be influenced by long-term agricultural management practices as described in pedological literature. In this study, selected physical properties (particle density and bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water capacity) of topsoils from different reference soil groups (Cambisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Chernozems and Phaeozems, Leptosols, Stagnosols and Gleysols) were sampled and analysed in the years 2016–2017. The topsoil samples were taken from points of so-called S (specific) soil pits to be sampled from the General Soil Survey of Agricultural Soils (GSSAS) which was accomplished in the years 1961–1970. In addition, some of the properties were also compared with those measured during the GSSAS. Recognising the properties, only the particle density, the maximum capillary water capacity, the permanent wilting point and the available water capacity of the topsoil of the individual soil groups were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) different. A comparison of the physical properties with those analysed after more than 40 years was performed, the bulk density increased and the total porosity decreased in the topsoil of the major part of the studied soil groups.

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Dry matter productivity and soil physical properties after winter cover crops cultivation

Scientia Agraria Paranaensis ◽

10.18188/sap.v18i4.22248 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 362

Author(s):

Katiely Aline Anschau Deimling ◽

Edleusa Pereira Seidel ◽

Jean Sérgio Rosset ◽

Marcos Cesar Mottin ◽

Daniela Da Rocha Herrmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Penetration Resistance ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Field Pea ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Soil Penetration Resistance

The present study aimed to evaluate the dry matter yield of cover crops cultivated in monoculture and intercropped in a no-till system and its effects on the soil physical properties. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with four replicates. Treatments used were black oat, black oat + forage radish, forage radish, black oat + field pea, field pea and the control (fallow). After 100 days after sowing the cover crops, the dry matter yield was evaluated, with the highest values found in the intercropped crops. After desiccation, undeformed soil samples were collected for the determination of macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and soil bulk density in the 0 - 0,10; 0,10 - 0,20; 0,20 - 0,30 and 0,30 - 0,40 m layers. Soil penetration resistance was evaluated with a digital penetrometer. The intercrop of black oat with field pea and with forage radish provided the highest dry matter yield, showing the potential of dry matter accumulation in relation to monoculture. The cover crops were capable of improving the macroporosity, bulk density and soil penetration resistance when compared to the fallow area (control); however, they had no influence in soil aggregation due to the high compaction degree in the area.

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EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON SOME PHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v50ispecial.175 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (Special) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan & et al.

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Well Water ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage System ◽

Density Values

The current study investigated the effect of water quality (the salinity of the irrigation water) and Tillage system on some soil physical properties. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with three replicates. wheat was irrigated by three water sources, a river ,dranege and well waters with electrical conductivities 1.3, 3.5 and 6.9 ds.m-1 respectively and three tillage systems were zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and deep tillage (DT). After harvest, some soil physical properties were evaluated including: bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter. The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.40, 1.44 and 1.47 mg.m-3 for river, derange and well water. while the porosity values were 47.3%, 45.8% and 43.8%. for river, derange and well water. while the hydraulic conductivity were 5.13, 4.26 and 4.36 cm.h-1for river , derange and well water. also the result showed that the bulk density values were 1.48, 1.44 and 1.38 mg.m-3 for ZT, CT and DT respectively. while the porosity values were 44.3, 45.7 and 47.8% for ZT, CT and DT respectively. But for the interactions for electrical conductivity with tillage The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.50 mg.m-3 for well water with ZT but decrees value it become 1.34 mg.m-3 for river water with DT. The best type of tillage was conventional tillage as it has the ability to improve properties of soil as well as it helps to reduce.

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