scholarly journals Study of Different Rates of Application of Mixture of Amidosulfuron and Iodosulfuron-Methyl-Sodium on Broadleaf Weed Infestation and Grain Yield of Soft Wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
B. Hajjaj
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Reduction Treatment ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Aims: A soft wheat weed control trial was conducted in order to investigate the effect of mixture of Amidosulfuron and Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium on controlling broadleaf weeds infestation in a soft wheat crop. Study Design: The experimental design was a random block with three replications. Each block contained 4 elementary plots, 3 plots of which are treated with three doses of mixture of Amidosulfuron and Iodosulfuron-Methyl-Sodium and one untreated control plot. Place and Duration of Study: Field experiments in Ouazzane region of Morocco. Laboratory measurements were carried out at weed research laboratory of INRA-CRRA Tangier. Morocco, between December 2016 and July 2017. Methodology: Treatments was applied at weed seedling stage. Three doses of mixture of Amidosulfuron and Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium were applied. Observations were made 14,                   28 and 56 days after application of herbicides (DAT). Observations concerned selectivity of    applied treatments, percentage of weed density reduction, biomass reduction and soft wheat grain yield. Results: Results showed that treatments with mixture of 15 g/ha Amidosulfuron + 3.75 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium and 22.5 g/ha Amidosulfuron + 5.63 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium gave the best control of broadleaf weeds infestations and provided the best wheat grain yield. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on soft wheat crop. Treatment with mixture of (15g/ha Amidosulfuron+ 3.75 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) recorded 95.7±1.3%, and 98.5±0.5% respectively on weed density reduction, and weed dry biomass reduction. Treatment with mixture of (22.5 g/ha Amidosulfuron + 5.63 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) recorded 98.5±0.5% and 98.8±0.3% respectively on weed density reduction and weed dry biomass reduction. Treatment with mixture of (7.5 g/ha Amidosulfuron + 1.88 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) recorded the lowest efficacies 60.7±10.2% and 70.2±3.3% respectively on weed density reduction and weed dry biomass reduction. Plots treated with mixture of (15 g/ha Amidosulfuron + 3.75 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) and (22.5 g/ha Amidosulfuron+ 5.63 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) recorded the highest yields of 3.65±0.1 and 3.46±0.3 tons/ha respectively an increase exceeding 74% over the control. Conclusion: Mixture of (15 g/ha Amidosulfuron+ 3.75 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) and (22.5 g/ha Amidosulfuron+ 5.63 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) gave the best control of weed infestation in soft wheat and recorded the best grain yield. Therefore, mixture of (15 g/ha Amidosulfuron+ 3.75 g/ha Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) can be recommended in similar weed infestation in soft weed crop.

scholarly journals Effect of Florasulam and 2,4-D on Fineleaf Fumitory (Fumaria parviflora Lam.) Infestation in Wheat Crop

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
B. Hajjaj ◽  
A. El Oualkadi ◽  
H. Tantaoui ◽  
M. Chentouf
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
Precision Balance ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Aims: High infestations of Fumaria parviflora (Fineleaf fumitory) may led to cereal crops yield reduction. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mixture of Florasulam and 2,4-D on F. parviflora infestation in a soft wheat crop. Study Design: The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Each block contained 4 elementary plots, 3 plots of which were treated with three rates of application of mixture of Florasulam and 2.4-D and one untreated control plot. Place and Duration of Study: Trials were conducted in Ouazzane region of Morocco in January 2017. Calculation of dry F. parviflora biomass was carried out at weed research laboratory of INRA-CRRA Tangier in March 2017. Methodology: Treatments were carried out with a knapsack sprayer with the nozzle delivering a 3 bar jet. A quadrant of 1 m x 1 m was used to calculate percentage of F. parviflora density reduction, height reduction and biomass reduction. F. parviflora dry biomass were determined using an oven at 75ºC for 48 hours. Then, weighed with a precision balance. Results: Treatment with mixture of Florasulam and 2,4-D respectively at 5.63 and 270 g/ha  gave the best control of F. parviflora infestations. In fact, “Florasulam+2,4-D” at (5.63+270) g/ha recorded 85±3.1%, 81±2.5% and 92±3.1% respectively on F. parviflora density reduction, F. parviflora height reduction and F. parviflora dry biomass reduction. “Florasulam+2,4-D” at (3.75 +180) g/ha recorded 66±5.3%, 63±4.7% and 74±2.6% respectively on F. parviflora density reduction, F. parviflora height reduction and F. parviflora dry biomass reduction. Florasulam + 2,4-D at (1.88+90) g/ha recorded the lowest efficacies 45±10.4%, 22±9.5% and 45±11.4% respectively on F. parviflora density reduction, F. parviflora height reduction and F. parviflora dry biomass reduction. Conclusion: «Florasulam+2,4-D» at (5.63+270) g/ha could be recommended to farmers in Ouazzane region when F. parviflora infestation is dominant on wheat. A further assessment of «Florasulam+2,4-D» residues in soils and their phytotoxicities should be evaluated on other crops grown in rotations.

scholarly journals Nitrogen application rate and timing management for improved grain quality parameters of wheat crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1141-1153
Author(s):  
Gul Roz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen use efficiency under flood irrigation system is generally low (30%) in field crops, which is one of the fundamental factors of high production cost in the developing countries. Optimum rate and timing of N-application is otherwise important to harvest good quality grain for backing in the recent climate change scenario. Optimum N-rate (NAR) corresponds with the application timing (NAT) has resulted in good quality grains. Aim of the study was to focus on spring wheat grain quality and N use efficiency (NUE) with NAR {i.e., 0, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kg ha-1) and NAT (i.e., 100% at sowing (NAR1), 50% at sowing and 50% at tillering (NAT2), 25% at sowing, 50% at tillering and 25% at booting (NAT3) and 25% at sowing, 25% at tillering and 50% at booting (NAT4)}. Treatment impacts were investigated focusing grain yield, grain-N, and quality parameters (i.e., crude protein, gluten, amylose and amylopectin). Experiment was a randomized complete block, in three replications, conducted at Agronomy Res. Farm of the University of Agric. Peshawar in 2016-17 and repeated in 2017-18. Results showed the highest NUE in100 kg N ha-1, followed by a decreasing rate (p<0.05) for every next N-increment. While averaged on N-rates, the highest NUE observed in NAT3 which did not differ fromNAT4 but decreased (p<0.05) for treatment NAT2 with lowest for theNAT1. Pakhtunkhuwa-2015 showed higher NUE among the varieties. Grain-N, grain yield, gluten and amylose did not differ with NAR 140 and 160 kg ha-1 as well as for the NAT3 and NAT4 but decreased for NAT2 and the lowest was noted for NAT1. The N-content of wheat grain was highest in Pakhtunkhuwa-2015, followed by Pirsabak-2015 and the lowest in DN-84. Nonetheless, grain amylopectin showed a reduction with increasing NAR and/or split N-applications from one to two and/or three doses. Cultivars did not show any changes in the amylopectin. It is concluded that in recent climate changes where flood irrigation system is practiced, three N-splits (NAT3 or NAT4) resulted higher quality grains with140 kg N ha-1 to wheat crop

Influence of preseason weed management and in-crop treatments in two successive wheat crops 1. Weed seedling numbers and wheat grain yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Dowling ◽  
PTW Wong
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Annual Grasses

The effect of 5 preseason management treatments on seed set reduction of annual weed grasses and their regeneration in the following autumn was evaluated in a 2-year field experiment commencing at Orange in spring 1986. Preseason (spring) treatments were paraquat, glyphosate (2 rates), unsprayed heavy grazing, and unsprayed control. In the first of 2 successive wheat crops (planted 1987), 3 in-crop weed control treatments [control, chlorsulfuron (both sod-seeded), and trifluralin plus cultivation] were imposed. In 1988, the second wheat crop was sown into a cultivated seedbed or direct-drilled. The preseason treatments reduced potential annual grass regeneration by 91-99% compared with the control, with heavy grazing being the best treatment. For each preseason treatment compared with the control, the pattern of actual seedling emergence within the crop during 1987 was similar to that of potential emergence for each grass species (except Lolium rigidum), but numbers were lower and more variable (7-86% of potential numbers). The proportion of Bromus spp. and Vulpia spp. emerging within the crop declined from the first to the second crop, while L. rigidum increased to an average of 93% of the annual grass population in 1988. Trifluralin plus cultivation increased the control of annual grasses in 1987. In 1988, the 1987 in-crop treatments had little carryover effect on annual grass control; however, wheat grain yield was increased by both chlorsulfuron and trifluralin. Preseason management reduced seed set of annual grass weeds, and this control was maintained under cropping for at least 2 years (except for L. rigidum). Wheat grain yield responded to this control. Long-term control of L. rigidum where soil is disturbed appears difficult because of apparent long-lived seed in the soil.

Response by wheat, rape, and field peas to pre-sowing herbicides and deep tillage

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Dann ◽  
AG Thomas ◽  
RB Cunningham ◽  
PHR Moore
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Surface Disturbance ◽  
Crop Parameters

A field experiment near Yass, N.S.W., in 198 1 and 1982 compared several forms of deep tillage (loosening of the soil to depths from 15 to 60 cm, with little surface disturbance) following the application of various herbicides, on the growth and yield of wheat, rape, field peas and weeds. The deep tillage implements used were: Wallace Soil Reconditioning Unit, Domino Sub Tiller, and single tine ripper, cultivating to depths from 15 to 60 cm. The herbicides used were: glyphosate (Roundup at 1 L/ha), paraquat-diquat (Sprayseed at 2 L/ha) and paraquat-diquat (Sprayseed at 2 L/ha) plus dicamba (Banvel 200 at 0.4 Wha). A fallow treatment also was used in 1982. Crops, and weeds-which were a mixture of grass and broad-leaf species-responded more strongly to herbicide than to deep tillage treatments. At the rates used, paraquat-diquat plus dicamba controlled cereals more efficiently than did the other herbicides. The responses were generally increased growth of wheat and rape-field peas being much less responsive-and decreased growth of weeds. In 198 1, a year of average rainfall, herbicide (meaned over deep tillage treatments) increased wheat grain yield by 1.94 t/ha (1.8 1 v. 3.75 t/ha) and deep tillage (meaned over herbicide treatments) by 0.60 t/ha (2.81 v. 3.41 t/ha). In 1982, a year of below-average rainfall, fallow increased wheat grain yield by 1.67 t/ha (0.18 v. 1.85 t/ha), herbicide by 0.73 t/ha (0.18 v. 0.91 t/ha) and deep tillage by 0.36 t/ha (0.69 v. 1.05 t/ha). Covariance analyses indicated that, for all wheat crop parameters measured in 198 1, responses to both deep tillage and herbicide were strongly related to reduction in weed top growth, this effect being greater with the herbicide treatments than with the deep tillage treatments.

scholarly journals Pyroxsulam: Sulfonamide Herbicide for Weed Control in Wheat in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H.S. ZOBIOLE ◽  
R. GAST ◽  
R.A. MASTERS ◽  
G.R. PEREIRA ◽  
R. RUBIN
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Excellent Control

ABSTRACT: Few herbicides are currently registered in Brazil for weed control in wheat. The objective of this research was to determine the wheat crop selectivity and the response of Lolium multiflorum to pyroxsulam. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Paraná, Brazil. At the proposed commercial rates of 15 and 18 g a.i. ha-1 pyroxsulam did not cause visual injury above 10% in wheat. Pyroxsulam caused >10% injury in wheat at one location (Cascavel) when applied at 21, 30, 36 and 42 g a.i. ha-1; however, the crop fully recovered from the injury by 28 days after application and did not have an adverse effect on wheat grain yield, regardless of the rate applied. Pyroxsulam applied at 15 or 18 g a.i. ha-1 provided excellent control (>85%) of Lolium multiflorum in both trials.

scholarly journals Influence of Spring Season Crop Residue on Productivity of Rice-Wheat Cropping System

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Devkota ◽  
DN Yadav ◽  
NK Chaudhary ◽  
DR Dangol ◽  
KB Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
Equivalent Yield ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cultivation and plant residue incorporation of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper], mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and maize+blackgram on response of rice to two levels (0 and 90 kg ha-1) of nitrogen and their residual effects on nitrogen management of subsequent wheat crop. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block design in spring, Split Plot design in rainy, and Split-Split plot design in winter seasons of 2000 at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Results showed that cultivation and incorporation of different spring season crop’s (legume and cereal) residue into the soil did not significantly affect rice yield. Such trend was also observed on wheat grain yield when spring season crops were followed by rice in a sequential cropping system. Significantly higher (p<0.001) rice equivalent yield (6.56 t ha-1) and net profit (Rs. 46489 ha-1) were obtained under mungbean-rice sequence. Similarly, significantly higher (p<0.001) wheat equivalent yield (8.74 t ha-1) and net profit (Rs. 44811 ha-1) were obtained under mungbean-rice-wheat sequence. Significantly higher yield of rice was obtained under 90 kg N ha-1 compared to control and had significant residual effect of N on wheat grain yield. Nitrogen topdressed at crown root initiation (CRI) and panicle initiation (PI) stages did not influence significantly on the grain yield of wheat. Therefore, for the long term sustainability of rice-wheat cropping system, inclusion of mungbean in the spring (fallow) season could be considered promising practice. Key words: Rice-wheat cropping system, sustainability, residue incorporation, nitrogen J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:53-58 (2006)

Increasing production of an annual medic - wheat rotation by grazing and grass removal with herbicides in the Victorian Mallee

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Latta ◽  
E. D. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Seed Yields

Summary. The productivity of an annual medic-based pasture–pasture–wheat rotation in response to chemical grass control and stocking rate treatments was evaluated over 3 years. Fluazifop applied in 1991 reduced the annual grass component during the pasture years (to <2% in 1991 and <5% in 1992) and grass densities in the 1993 wheat phase. This improved winter herbage production in 1992 (>50%) and the 1993 wheat yield (>40%). Glyphosate applied during the winter of 1991 reduced the grass component and the winter and total herbage production in that year, and grass populations in 1992. Glyphosate applied during the spring of 1991 reduced the medic seed yields and the grass and medic densities in 1992. There were no pasture or cereal production benefits measured from the 1991 glyphosate applications. All the above comparisons were made with no herbicide in 1991 followed by glyphosate applied during the winter of 1992, a common district practice. Stocking at twice the district average, over all herbicide treatments, reduced the 1991 winter herbage production but maintained or improved the 1992 winter and total herbage production, compared with the district average stocking rate. The high stocking rate resulted in lower grass densities in the 1993 wheat crop and increased the wheat grain yield by 0.5 t/ha.

scholarly journals Productivity and soil attributes as influenced by resource conservation technologies under rice- wheat system in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sah ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
SK Sah ◽  
RB Thapa ◽  
A McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Residue Retention

Rice-wheat system provides food, income, and employment to over 83 % of the people and contributes to national food security in Nepal. Sustainability of the system is under threat because of increasing cultivation cost and declining soil fertility. On-farm experiments were carried out to determine the effects of tillage and crop establishment methods, crop residue management, and nitrogen levels that affect soil attributes and productivity of the rice-wheat system during 2010- 2011at Bara, Nepal. The treatment consisted of three tillage and crop establishment methods viz. Conventional tillage (CT), Permanent bed planting (PB), and Zero-tillage (ZT); two residue management levels viz. Residue retention and Residue removal; and three nitrogen levels viz. Zero nitrogen, farmer’s dose (80 and 100 kgha-1 N for rice and wheat, respectively), and abundant nitrogen (120 kgha-1 N for both rice and wheat crop). The experiments were laid out in strip-split plot design with three replications. The research results revealed that rice grain yield was significantly higher in the plots receiving N level as applied by farmers that was similar to abundant nitrogen dose. Wheat grain yield was significantly higher with zero tillage compared to permanent bed planting and conventional tillage. Significantly higher wheat grain yield was also obtained due to abundant nitrogen dose than zero dose nitrogen which was similar to farmers’ dose of N as well. There was no significant difference in grain yield of rice and wheat due to residue retention, although, it improved soil moisture. In wheat crop, zero-till planting and increased nitrogen application conserved soil moisture, enhanced soil electrical conductivity and lowered soil temperature. It can be concluded that rice and wheat can be grown successfully with zero tillage and farmer’s nitrogen dose without any yield penalty. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 64-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9007

scholarly journals Competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilcimar Adriano Vogt ◽  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi ◽  
Rogério Luiz Backes ◽  
Waldir Nicknich
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Common Bean Plants

The morpho-physiologic characteristics of common bean plants can affect their competitive ability with weeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of black bean genotypes with weeds. An experiment was carried out in the 2010/11 cropping season in Papanduva, SC, southern Brazil, in order to verify the variability of some plant characteristics among genotypes of common bean. The randomized block design was used, with four replications. Seven cultivars underwent the treatments: BRS Campeiro, CHP 01-238, CHP 01-239, Diamante Negro, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, IPR Uirapuru, FTS Soberano, IPR Graúna, IPR Tiziu e IAC Diplomata. At 6, 14, 18, 25 and 32 days after emergence (DAE) were evaluated plant height, ground cover by common bean plants, dry biomass of stems and leaves, and grain yield. In the 2011/12 cropping season the same cultivars were grown in the presence or absence of weeds, adopting similar methodology to the 2010/11. The losses of grain yield in black common bean genotypes due to weed interference ranged from 30.8% to 54.9%. There was a positive correlation between yield reduction promoted by the weed infestation and dry biomass produced by the weeds. In addition, there was a positive correlation between percentage of yield reduction due to the weed infestation and grain yield without weed interference. The characteristics evaluated did not estimate the competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds.

scholarly journals Effect of brackish water irrigation on soil degradation and performance of salt tolerant wheat and maize genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-705
Author(s):  
MR Farooq ◽  
J Akhtar ◽  
MI Shahid ◽  
M Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Fodder Yield

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of brackish water on soil physical and chemical conditions and yield of wheat and maize genotypes at the farmers’ field. Two salt tolerant genotypes for each crop were selected from previous hydroponic and lysimeters studies. Wheat-maize cropping system was followed using tubewell brackish water alone and with chemical (gypsum) and organic (FYM) amendments. The results revealed that treatments have significant effect on all growth and yield parameters and followed the trend of T1>T3 >T4 > T2. Highest grain yield of wheat genotypes (SARC-1 & V-8670) was observed in control (4050 & 3800 kg/ha) and lowest was in T2 (2862 & 2200 kg/ha). Similar trend was observed in maize fodder yield that was 9625 & 8875 kg/ha in control and 4350 & 2253 kg/ha in T2 for Sahiwal-02 and Akbar, respectively. Maximum reduction in wheat grain and maize fodder yield observed in T2 (tubewell water alone) where high EC, SAR and RSC water was applied that was 39 & 57% for 1st year (wheat crop) and 89 & 74% for 2nd year (maize crop) respectively. Data revealed that use of gypsum and FYM along with brackish water improved the wheat grain yield and maize fodder as compared to T2. More adverse effect of brackish water was observed in high EC, SAR and RSC treatment (tubewell water alone) as compared to other treatments. Application of amendments (gypsum and FYM) along with brackish tubewell water reduced adverse effect of brackish water. Among genotypes SARC-1 and Sahiwal-2002 performed better in all treatments and textures especially under brackish water treatments.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 693-705, December 2017

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