scholarly journals Laboratory-Scale Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil Using a Consortia of Rhizobacteria Obtained from Plants in Gokana-Ogoni, Rivers State

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Orhorhoro Emmanuel ◽  
Effiong Enobong ◽  
Abu Gideon
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Rivers State

scholarly journals Percentage Bioremediation Assessment of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) and Mucor racemosus in Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
D. N. Ogbonna ◽  
S. A. Ngah ◽  
R. N. Okparanma ◽  
O. Ule ◽  
R. R. Nrior
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess Percentage Bioremediation of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) and Mucor racemosus in hydrocarbon contaminated soil Place and Duration of Study: A portion of Rivers State University demonstration farmland in Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Mile 3 Diobu area of Port Harcourt, Rivers State was used for this study. The piece of land is situated at Longitude 4°48’18.50’’N and Latitude 6o58’39.12’’E measuring 5.4864 m x 5.1816 m with a total area of 28.4283 m2. Bioremediation monitoring lasted for 56 days, analysis carried out weekly (per 7 days’ interval). Methodology: Five (5) experimental plots employing the Randomized Block Design were used each having dimensions of 100 x 50 x 30 cm (Length x Breadth x Height) = 150,000cm3. Baseline study of the uncontaminated and the deliberately contaminated agricultural soil was investigated for its microbiota and physico-chemical properties. Two of these plots were designated as pristine (Unpolluted soil) (CTRL 1) and crude oil contaminated soil without nutrient organics and bioaugmenting microbes (CTRL 2); these two serve as controls. Each of the experimental plots, except the control (CTRL 1), was contaminated with 2500 cm3 (2122.25 g) of crude oil giving initial Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) value of 8729.00 mg/kg. The crude oil polluted soil in Plot 3 was further treated with 750 ml of Mucor racemosus broth (CS+Muc), Plot 4 was treated with 3000 g of Spent Mushroom Substrate (CS+SMS) while plot 5 was treated with the combination of both (CS+Muc+SMS). The plots were left for 7 days to ensure even distribution and soil-oil bonding. Sampling was done at seven-day interval (Day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56).  Physicochemical parameters monitored were pH, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) throughout the experimental period. Microbial parameters monitored were Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB), Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF), Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF). Percentage (%) Bioremediation was estimated from percentage (%) reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) from day 1 to day 56 in relation to control plots.  Net % Bioremediation were also assessed to ascertain the actual potential of treatment agents singly or combined. Results: Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) (CFU/g) recorded on day 7 and day 56 of the bioremediation were; day 7; CTRL 1 – US (1.07 x109), CTRL- CS (5.4 x108), CS+Muc (3.0 x108), CS+SMS (4.6 x108) and CS+Muc+SMS (5.0 x108). On day 56, data obtained were CTRL 1 –US (9.4 x108), CTRL 2 –CS (7.2 x109), CS+Muc (3.7 x108), CS+SMS (8.1x108) and CS+Muc+SMS (6.8 x108). The increase in number in the treated plots is a depiction of an increase in activity of the organism and the stimulating effect of bio-organics SMS while the untreated plot CTRL 1-US showed decrease in population at day 56. Similar trend showed for Total Heterotrophic Fungi. Generally, it was observed that the highest growth/ count was recorded at the 7th and 8th week (day 42 or day 49), at the 9th week there was an observable decrease; probably due to depletion of nutrients and other factors such as rainfall and seepage. The Net Percentage Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria and Fungi (Net %HUB and Net %HUF) were highest in Crude Oil contaminated plot treated with Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) singly; that is (CS+SMS) (11.02% and 12.07%) and lowest in the uncontaminated soil – Control (CTRL 1 –US) (5.41% and 9.26%) respectively. The trend in decreasing order of Net % Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria were as follows: CS+SMS (11.02%) > CS+Muc+SMS (10.14%) > CS+Muc (9.43%) > CTRL 2 –CS (8.1%) > CTRL 1 –US (5.41%) while Net % Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi followed similar trend and were: CS+SMS (12.07%) > CS+Muc+SMS (11.76%) = CS+Muc (11.76%) > CTRL 2 –CS (11.05%) > CTRL 1 –US (9.26%). Evaluation of Amount of Crude Oil or Hydrocarbon remediated and Net %Bioremediation revealed Crude Oil contaminated plot augmented with Mucor racemosus broth singly (CS+Muc) as having the highest bioremediation potential while the least is the untreated soil. The trend is as follows:  CS+Muc (8599.19 mg/kg; 33.93%) > CS+Muc+SMS (8298.95 mg/kg; 32.74%) > CS+SMS (8197.03 mg/kg; 32.34%) > CTRL 2 –CS (166.54 mg/kg; 0.66%) > CTRL 1 –US (85.48 mg/kg; 0.34%) Conclusion: This shows that a single nutrient substrate or augmenting microorganism applied appropriately may have a more positive result, that is; higher bioremediation potential than combined or multiple mixed treatments. It was further observed that microbial counts decreased with time in treatments with augmenting organisms alone but increased considerably in treatments supplement with organics having its peak on the 49th day.   It is therefore recommended that bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil using bio-augmenting microorganism should be applied appropriately noting the volume: area ratio and be supplemented with efficient nutrient organics after every 49-day interval.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Of Crude Oil Impacted Soil Using Purple Nutsedge

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-479
Author(s):  
E.O. Nwaichi ◽  
C.O. Chukwuere ◽  
P.J. Abosi ◽  
G.I. Onukwuru
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rivers State

The present study investigated the viability of purple nutsedge in the phytoremediation of a crude oilcontaminated land in the Kom-Kom community, Oyigbo, Rivers state, Nigeria. 150g of soil samples were randomly collected from two (2) different points on the polluted site and a control site and analyzed for Petroleum Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) and Heavy metals ( Pb, Cd, Cr & Ni). in soils and plants before and after phytoremediation. Plants were transplanted into the contaminated and contaminated soil after soil sample collection.After planting,the progress of plant growth was observed and recorded biweekly for 3 months before harvesting. From the results obtained, over 80% and 66% PAHs and TPHs phytodegradation efficiencies were achieved using the plant while Cd, Pb and Cr were removed by 90%, 67% and 39.2% respectively. The Bioaccumulation Factor (B.F) of the heavymetals in study plant were found to be greated than 1 which makes it suitable for phytoextraction of heavy metals. Therefore, the study suggests that purple nutsedge can be useful in the phytoremediation of a crudeoil polluted soil. Keywords: Hydrocarbons, Heavy metals, Phytoremediation, Crude oil, Purple nutsedge

scholarly journals Bioremediation Efficiency of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the Nutrient Amendment on Crude Oil Polluted the Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
David N. Ogbonna ◽  
Renner R. Nrior ◽  
Festus E. Ezinwo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Nutrient Amendment ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: To assess the Bioremediation efficiency of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CL 9 with nutrient amendment using bio-stimulating agents such as Fish waste and Goat manure on crude oil polluted soils in Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: A portion of Rivers State University demonstration farmland in Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Mile 3 Diobu area of Port Harcourt, Rivers State was used for this study. The piece of land is situated at Longitude 4°48’18.50’’N and Latitude 6o58’39.12’’E measuring 5.4864 m x 5.1816 m with a total area of 28.4283 m2. Bioremediation monitoring lasted for 56 days, analysis carried out weekly (per 7 days interval). Methodology: Seven (7) experimental plots were employed using a Randomized Block Design each having dimensions of 100 x 50 x 20 cm (Length x Breadth x Height) were formed and mapped out on agricultural soil and left fallow for 6 days before contamination on the seventh day; after which it was allowed for 21 days for proper contamination and exposure to natural environmental factors to mimic crude oil spill site. Thereafter bio stimulating agents usually referred to as nutrient amendment organics in this study (fish waste and goat manure) and bio-augmenting microorganisms were applied. Soil profile before and after contamination was assayed while parameters like Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), were monitored throughout the experimental period. Microbial analyses such as Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB), Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF), Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF) were recorded. Bioremediation efficiency was estimated from percentage (%) reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) from day 1 to the residual hydrocarbon at day 56 of bio augmented/ biostimulation plots with the control. Results: Results revealed amount of remediated hydrocarbon and % Bioremediation efficiency at 56 days in the different treatment plots (initial TPH contamination value of  9296.83  mg/kg) in a decreasing order as follows: PS+Bac+Pse+GF+FW (8032.825 mg/kg; 86.40%) >PS+GF+FW (6867.825 mg/kg; 73.87%) >PS+Bac+Pse (6587.825mg/kg; 70.86%) >PS+FW (6441.825mg/kg; 69.29%) >PS+GF (5909.825 mg/kg; 63.57%) >CTRL 2 (Polluted soil without amendment) (3604.825mg/kg; 38.78%). Microbiological results showed increased colonial values with increase time exposure. The results observed on day 56 indicate that Polluted soil + Bacillus + Pseudomonas (10.11 Log10 CFU/g) > Polluted soil but un-amended soil (8.76 Log10 CFU/g) > unpolluted soil (8.68 Log10 CFU/g). Comparatively, Polluted soil +Bacillus + Pseudomonas expressed higher heterotrophic bacteria of 9.77 and 9.67 Log10 CFU/g while fungal counts recorded 6.04 and 6.82 Log10 CFU/g. Conclusion: Study showed that bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soils with bacteria singly is less effective but a combination with other organic nutrients is a better palliative measure. Therefore, amendment with organic nutrients like Goat manure and Fish wastes is recommended for crude oil polluted soils due to its high nutrient content as substrates for biostimulation of indigenous and augmenting biodegrading microbes. This process could be a source of enhanced natural attenuation of oil-contaminated environments in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Myco-enhanced Bioremediation in Open Field Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Mucor racemosus and Aspergillus niger

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-141
Author(s):  
O. Ule ◽  
D. N. Ogbonna ◽  
R. N. Okparanma ◽  
R. R. Nrior
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Aim: To assess the Mycoremediation potential of Mucor racemosus and Aspergillus niger in open field crude oil contaminated soils in Rivers State, Nigeria.  Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University demonstration farmland in Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Mile 3 Diobu area of Port Harcourt, was used for this study. The piece of land is situated at Longitude 4°48’18.50” N and Latitude 6ᵒ58’39.12” E measuring 5.4864 m x 5.1816 m with a total area of 28.4283 square meter. Mycoremediation process monitoring lasted for 56 days, analyses were carried out weekly at 7 days’ interval. Methodology: Five (5) experimental plots were employed using a Randomized Block Design each having dimensions of 100 x 50 x 30 cm (Length x Breadth x Height) and were formed and mapped out on agricultural soil, each plot was contaminated with 22122.25g of Crude Oil except Control 1 and left fallow for 6 days after contamination for proper contamination and exposure to natural environmental factors to mimic crude oil spill site. On the seventh day bio-augmentation process commenced using two (2) fungal isolates namely Aspergillus niger [Asp] and Mucor rasemosus [Muc]). Two (2) control plots (P1: Uncontaminated and unamended soil - CTRL 1 US) and P2: Crude Oil contaminated but unamended soil - CTRL 2 CS); P3 = P5 were contaminated and amended/bioaugmented (P3: CS+Asp, P4: CS+Muc, P5: CS+Asp+Muc respectively. Soil profile before and after contamination was assayed while parameters like Temperature, pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) contents were monitored throughout the experimental period. Microbial analyses such as Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB), Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF), Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF) were recorded. Bioremediation efficiency was estimated from percentage (%) reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) from day 1 to the residual hydrocarbon at day 56 of bio- augmentation/ biostimulation plots with the control. Results: Results revealed actual amount of remediated hydrocarbon and % Bioremediation Efficiency at 56 days in the different treatment plots (initial TPH contamination value of 8729.00mg/kg) in a decreasing order as follows: CS+Muc (8599.19mg/kg; 33.66%) > CS+Asp+Muc (8357.31mg/kg; 33.04%) > CS+Asp (8341.58mg/kg; 32.98%) > CTRL 2 -CS (Polluted soil without amendment) (81.06mg/kg; 0.32%). Microbiological results After fifty-six (56) days of bioremediation monitoring; %HUB were as follows; CS+Asp+Muc (45.30%) > CS+Asp (40.32%) > CS+Muc (35.01%) > CTRL 2 –CS (30.43%) > CTRL 1 – US (0%). These results indicate that the presence of the contaminated crude oil stimulated and sustained the growth of Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) in the contaminated plots (P2 - P3); more so, the higher growth in the enhanced bio-augmented plots (P3 – P5) shows the positive impact of fungal bio-augmentation in bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil. It was further observed that treatment plots with higher HUB or HUF had higher percentage (%) bioremediation efficiency; that is, the higher the sustained HUB and HUF population, the higher the %Bioremediation process. Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (Log10 CFU/g): CS+Asp (4.20) (Day 35) > CS+Muc+Asp (4.18) (Day 35) > CS+Muc (4.08) (Day 28) > CTRL 2 – CS (3.95) (Day 21) > CTRL 1 – US (3.78) (Day 35). (Fig. 3). Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (Log10 CFU/g): CS+Asp (4.68) (Day 35) > CS+Muc+Asp (4.58) (Day 35) > CS+Muc (4.48) (Day 35) > CTRL 2 – CS (4.23) (Day 21) > CTRL 1 – US (2.85) (Day 42). Conclusion: Study showed that bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soils with Bioaugmenting fungus singly may be more effective than combination with others depending on the type of substrate used, nature of the hydrocarbon utilizing organism and environmental conditions prevalent as seen in Mucor racemosus having higher bioremediation potential than when combined with Aspergillus niger. Notably, Hydrocarbon Utlilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF) which are the key players in Bioremediation has its peak count value on Day 35, this confers that nutrient renewal on bioremediation site should be at interval of 35 days for continuous effective bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants. It is therefore recommended that single microbes of high bioremediation potential could be used since its more effective than consortium of many hydrocarbon utilizing microbes. Also, nutrient or bio-augmenting microbes’ renewal on bioremediation site should be at an interval of 35 days for continuous effective bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants.

scholarly journals Characterization of Indigenous Bacterial Communities in Crude-Oil Impacted Sites at Obagi Town, Onelga, Rivers State, Nigeria

Fine Focus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Chioma Blaise Chikere ◽  
Chinyere Augusta Ajuzieogu ◽  
Michael Chukwugoziem Miller
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Hydrocarbon utilizers are expected to be indigenous in crude-oil polluted environments. The isolation and characterization of hydrocarbon utilizers is often a key strategy in bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted environments. In this study, crude-oil polluted soil samples from Obagi town, Onelga, Rivers state were enumerated and characterized for putative hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial populations. Biochemical characterization identified five bacterial species representative of five genera: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. Amongst the genera of bacteria isolated, Bacillus had the highest frequency of occurrence (40%). The mean count of total heterotrophic bacteria was 1.7 X 107 cfu/g, while hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) count mean density was 1.0 X 107 cfu/g for the three soil samples. Statistical analyses revealed no significant difference at p>0.05 between Total Heterotrophic Bacterial (THB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacterial (HUB) counts, suggesting that most of the bacteria present in the sampled sites were hydrocarbon utilizers. Findings from this study suggest the presence of indigenous putative hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the crude-oil polluted soil of Obagi town. Hence, a promising potential exists for future bioremediation studies on the site.

scholarly journals Crude oil polluted soil remediation using poultry dung (chicken manure)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 402-409
Author(s):  
Olusanya Emmanuel Oludele ◽  
Damilola Tope Ogundele ◽  
Kayode Odeniyi ◽  
Olayinka Shoyode
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure

Organic stimulants for enhancing phytoremediation of crude oil polluted soil: A study on cowpea

2021 ◽  
pp. 117674
Author(s):  
Chioma Bella Aliku ◽  
Christian N. Madu ◽  
OrevaOghene Aliku
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Polluted Soil

Industrial Application of Nickel Tallate Catalyst During Cyclic Steam Stimulation in Boca De Jaruco Reservoir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Vakhin ◽  
Irek I. Mukhamatdinov ◽  
Firdavs A. Aliev ◽  
Dmitriy F. Feoktistov ◽  
Sergey A. Sitnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Catalyst Precursor ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Cyclic Steam Stimulation ◽  
Steam Stimulation

Abstract A nickel-based catalyst precursor has been synthesized for in-situ upgrading of heavy crude oil that is capable of increasing the efficiency of steam stimulation techniques. The precursor activation occurs due to the decomposition of nickel tallate under hydrothermal conditions. The aim of this study is to analyze the efficiency of in-situ catalytic upgrading of heavy oil from laboratory scale experiments to the field-scale implementation in Boca de Jaruco reservoir. The proposed catalytic composition for in-reservoir chemical transformation of heavy oil and natural bitumen is composed of oil-soluble nickel compound and organic hydrogen donor solvent. The nickel-based catalytic composition in laboratory-scale hydrothermal conditions at 300°С and 90 bars demonstrated a high performance; the content of asphaltenes was reduced from 22% to 7 wt.%. The viscosity of crude oil was also reduced by three times. The technology for industrial-scale production of catalyst precursor was designed and the first pilot batch with a mass of 12 ton was achieved. A «Cyclic steam stimulation» technology was modified in order to deliver the catalytic composition to the pay zones of Boca de Jaruco reservoir (Cuba). The active forms of catalyst precursors are nanodispersed mixed oxides and sulfides of nickel. The pilot test of catalyst injection was carried out in bituminous carbonate formation M, in Boca de Jaruco reservoir (Cuba). The application of catalytic composition provided increase in cumulative oil production and incremental oil recovery in contrast to the previous cycle (without catalyst) is 170% up to date (the effect is in progress). After injection of catalysts, more than 200 samples from production well were analyzed in laboratory. Based on the physical and chemical properties of investigated samples and considering the excellent oil recovery coefficient it is decided to expand the industrial application of catalysts in the given reservoir. The project is scheduled on the fourth quarter of 2021.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Changes of Crude Oil Polluted Soil During Combined Remediation

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3281-3286
Author(s):  
Hong Qi Wang ◽  
Yicun Zhao ◽  
Fei Hua
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Community Changes
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